Domestic implementation of international criminal law
Turkmenistan
Domestic Legislation | Resources and Links
Crimes Crime of Aggression
Section VIII, Chapter 21 of the Criminal Code of Turkmenistan concerns Crimes against the Peace and Security of Mankind. Article 167 (1) states the following regarding aggressive war:
"Article 1671. Planning, Preparation, Initiation or Execution of a War of Aggression
In addition, war propaganda and the incitement to aggressive war are criminal offences under Articles 167 and 167 (2) of the Criminal Code.
(1) The planning or preparation of a war of aggression
shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of ten to fifteen years.
(2) The initiation or execution of a war of aggression
shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of fifteen to twenty-five years."
See:Закон Туркменистана о внесении изменений и дополнений в Уголовный кодекс Туркменистана. (Law introducing amendments and additions to the Criminal Code of Turkmenistan. 21 November 2015)
В редакции Закона Туркменистана от 21 ноября 2015 г. - Ведомости Меджлиса Туркменистана, 2015 г., № 4, ст.144. (Gazette of the Mejilis of Turkmenistan, No. 4, art.144, 2015). [RUS]Crimes Against Humanity
No specific provision.
Genocide
Genocide is defined in Article 168 of the Criminal Code of Turkmenistan:
"Article 168. Genocide
See:
(1) Genocide, that is, intentional acts aimed at the total or partial destruction of a national, ethnical, racial or religious group by killing members of the group, causing serious harm to their health, forcibly relocating them, forcibly reducing births within the group, forcibly transferring children or deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part -
shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of fifteen to twenty years.
(2) The same acts, if committed in time of war,
shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of fifteen to twenty-five years.
(As amended by the Law of Turkmenistan of November 21, 2015 - Gazette of the Mejlis of Turkmenistan, 2015, No. 4, art.144)."Закон Туркменистана о внесении изменений и дополнений в Уголовный кодекс Туркменистана. (Law introducing amendments and additions to the Criminal Code of Turkmenistan. 21 November 2015)
В редакции Закона Туркменистана от 21 ноября 2015 г. - Ведомости Меджлиса Туркменистана, 2015 г., № 4, ст.144. (Gazette of the Mejilis of Turkmenistan, No. 4, art.144, 2015). [RUS]War Crimes
War crimes are provided for under Section VIII (Crimes against the Peace and Security of Mankind), Chapter 21 (Crimes against the Peace and Security of Mankind), Articles 167 (3)-170 of the Criminal Code of Turkmenistan:
Article 167 (3). Production, acquisition or sale of weapons of mass destruction Article 167 (4). The use of prohibited means and methods of warfare Article 167 (5). Violation of the laws and customs of war Article 167 (6). Criminal violations of international humanitarian law during armed conflicts Article 167 (7). Failure to act or the issuing of a criminal order during an armed conflict Article 167 (8). Illegal use of signs protected by international treaties Article 169. Mercenarism Article 169 (1). Recruitment of mercenarism, creation of specialized locations for the training of mercenaries Article 169 (2). Participation in armed conflicts or military actions in foreign states Article 170. Attack on persons enjoying international protection
[Full text of Criminal Code in Russian available under the "Resources and Links" section below]
For Articles 167 (3) to 169 (2) see:
Закон Туркменистана о внесении изменений и дополнений в Уголовный кодекс Туркменистана. (Law introducing amendments and additions to the Criminal Code of Turkmenistan. 21 November 2015)
В редакции Закона Туркменистана от 21 ноября 2015 г. - Ведомости Меджлиса Туркменистана, 2015 г., № 4, ст.144. (Gazette of the Mejilis of Turkmenistan, No. 4, art.144, 2015). [RUS]
Related documents:Law on the use and protection of the Red Crescent and Red Cross symbols.
Official Gazette, 27 July 2001. [ENG]
Jurisdiction and Statute of Limitations
➤ Articles 7 and 8 of the Criminal Code of Turkmenistan concern to territorial jurisdiction. Article 8, regarding the criminal responsibility of persons who committed crimes outside Turkmenistan states:
"Article 8. Criminal responsibility for crimes committed outside Turkmenistan
(1) Citizens of Turkmenistan, as well as non-nationals permanently residing in Turkmenistan who have committed an offence under the criminal law of Turkmenistan outside Turkmenistan, are subject to prosecution under the criminal law of Turkmenistan provided that such act constitutes an offence under the criminal law of the state in whose territory it was committed, and if these persons were not convicted in a foreign country. At the same time, punishment cannot be imposed that exceeds the upper limit of the punishment provided for under the law applicable in the place where the crime was committed.
(2) Foreign citizens, as well as non-nationals who do not reside permanently in Turkmenistan are subject to prosecution under the criminal law of Turkmenistan in respect of a crime committed outside Turkmenistan, if the crime is directed against Turkmenistan or its citizens, as well as in cases stipulated by international treaties to which Turkmenistan is a State party, if they were not convicted in a foreign country and were not prosecuted in the territory of Turkmenistan."
➤ Non-Applicability of Statutory Limitations:
Article 74(5) of the Criminal Code of Turkmenistan states: "No statutory limitations shall apply to persons who have committed crimes against the peace and security of mankind." Article 79, about execution of sentences, paragraph (3), provides: "No statutory limitations shall apply to persons convicted of crimes against the peace and security of mankind."
[Full text of Criminal Code in Russian available under the "Resources and Links" section below]
International Criminal Court
Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court: Turkmenistan is not a state party to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court.
Constitution of Turkmenistan. (2016).
OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights. [ENG]. [Last accessed 11 December 2017]. [External Link to pdf document]
Constitution of Turkmenistan. (2008; subsequently amended).
Comparative Constitutions Project, University of Texas at Austin. [ENG]. [Last accessed 11 December 2017]. [External Link to pdf document]
Конституция Туркменистана. Ведомости Меджлиса Туркменистана, 2016 г. № 3, ст. 131. (Constitution of Turkmenistan)
Center for Legal Information, Ministry of Justice. [RUS]. [Last accessed 11 December 2017]. [External Link]
Уголовный кодекс Туркменистана: О внесении изменений и дополнений в Уголовный кодекс Туркменистана и утверждении его в новой редакции.
(Ведомости Меджлиса Туркменистана, 2010 г., № 2, ст. 28 / Gazette of the Mejilis of Turkmenistan, 2010, No. 2, Article 28).
(Criminal Code of Turkmenistan. Updated version in Turkmen and Russian)
Ministry of Justice of Turkmenistan. [TUK/RUS]. [Last accessed 11 December 2017]. [External Link]
Закон Туркменистана о внесении изменений и дополнений в Уголовный кодекс Туркменистана. (Law introducing amendments and additions to the Criminal Code of Turkmenistan. 21 November 2015)
State News Agency of Turkmenistan. [RUS]. Last accessed 11 December 2017]. [External Link]
Уголовно-исполнительный кодекс Туркменистана . (Criminal Procedure Code of Turkmenistan).
Center for Legal Information, Ministry of Justice. [RUS]. [Last accessed 11 December 2017]. [External Link]
Центр правовой информации. (Center for Legal Information)
Ministry of Justice. [TUK/RUS]. [Last accessed 11 December 2017]. [External Link]
List of International Humanitarian Law Treaties to which Turkmenistan is a State party
International Committee of the Red Cross. [ENG]. [Last accessed 11 December 2017]. [External Link]