Equipo Nizkor - The Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.

(with Amendments and Additions of May 27, June 25, 1998, February 9, 15, March 18, July 9, 1999, March 9, 20, June 19, August 7, November 17, December 29, 2001, March 4, 14, May 7, June 25, July 24, 25, October 31, 2002, March 11, April 8, July 4, 7, December 8, 2003, July 21, 26, December 28, 2004, July 21, December 19, 2005, January 5, July 27, December 4, 30, 2006, April 9, May 10, July 24, November 4, December 1, 6, 2007, February 14, April 8, May 13, July 22, November 25, December 22, 25, 30, 2008, February 13, April 28, June 3, 29, July 24, 27, 29, October 30, November 3, 9, December 17, 27, 29, 2009, February 21, March 29, April 5, 7, May 6, 19, June 17, July 1, 22, 27, October 4, November 29, December 9, 23, 28, 29, 2010, March 7, April 6, May 4, July 11, 20, 21, November 7, 21, December 6, 7, 2011, February 29, March 1, 2012)

Adopted by the State Duma on May 24, 1996

Adopted by the Federation Council on June 5, 1996

See Federal Law No. 64-FZ of June 13, 1996 on the Enforcement of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation

General Part
Section I. Criminal Law
Chapter 1. The Tasks and Principles of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation

Article 1. The Criminal Law of the Russian Federation

1. The criminal law of the Russian Federation consists of the present Code. New laws providing for criminal liability are subject to inclusion in the present Code.

2. The present Code is based on the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the generally recognized principles and norms of international law.

Article 2. The Tasks of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation

1. The tasks of the present Code are as follows: the protection of the rights and freedoms of man and citizen, property, public order and public security, the environment, and the constitutional system of the Russian Federation against criminal encroachment, the maintenance of peace and security of mankind, and also the prevention of crimes.

2. To accomplish these tasks, the present Code establishes the basis and principles of criminal liability, defines which deeds are recognized as offences dangerous to persons, society, or the State, and establishes the types of punishment and other penal measures for the commission of offences.

Article 3. The Principle of Legality

1. The criminality of a deed, and also its punishability and other legal consequences shall be determined by the present Code alone.

2. The application of criminal law by analogy shall not be allowed.

Article 4. The Principle of Equality of Individuals Before the Law

Persons who have committed crimes shall be equal before the Law and shall be brought to criminal liability, regardless of their sex, race, nationality, language, origin, property or official status, place of residence, attitude to religion, convictions, belonging to public associations, or other circumstances.

Article 5. The Principle of Guilt

1. A person shall be brought to criminal liability only for those socially dangerous actions (inaction) and socially dangerous consequences in respect of which his guilt has been established.

2. Objective imputation, that is criminal liability for innocent injury, shall not be allowed.

Article 6. The Principle of Justice

1. Punishment and other legal measures applicable to a person who has committed an offence shall be just, that is, they shall correspond to the character and degree of the social danger of the offence, the circumstances of its commission, and the personality of the guilty party.

2. No one may bear double criminal responsibility for one and the same crime.

Article 7. The Principle of Humanism

1. Criminal law of the Russian Federation shall ensure the safety of man.

2. Punishment and other legal measures applicable to a person who has committed a crime may not pursue the aim of causing physical suffering or debasement of human dignity.

Article 8. Grounds for Criminal Liability

The commission of a deed containing all the elements of a crime, provided for by this Code, shall be the grounds for criminal liability.

Chapter 2. The Operation of Criminal Law in Time and Space

Article 9. The Operation of Criminal Law in Time

1. The criminality and punishability of a deed shall be determined by the criminal law that was operative upon the commission of this deed.

2. The time of a socially dangerous action (inaction) is committed shall be deemed to be the time of committing a crime, regardless of the time of the onset of consequences.

Article 10. The Retroactive Force of Criminal Law

1. Criminal law which removes the criminality of a deed, mitigates punishment, or in any other way improves the position of a person who has committed a crime shall have retroactive force, that is, extend to the persons who have committed the respective deeds before the entry of such law into force, including to persons who are serving or have served a sentence. Criminal law that establishes the criminality of a deed and increases punishment or in any other way worsens the position of a person shall have no retroactive force.

2. If new criminal law mitigates the punishment for a deed, which punishment is being served by a person, this punishment shall be subject to reduction within the limits provided for by the new criminal law.

Article 11. The Operation of Criminal Law in Respect of Persons Who Have Committed Crimes on the Territory of the Russian Federation

1. Any person who has committed a crime on the territory of the Russian Federation shall be brought to criminal liability under this Code.

2. Crimes committed within the limits of the territorial sea or the airspace of the Russian Federation shall be deemed to have been performed on the territory of the Russian Federation. The validity of this Code shall also be extended to offences committed on the continental shelf and in the exclusive economic zone of the Russian Federation.

3. A person who has committed a crime on a craft registered in a port of the Russian Federation and situated on the open sea or in the airspace outside the confines of the Russian Federation shall be brought to criminal liability under this Code, unless otherwise is stipulated by an international agreement of the Russian Federation. Under this Code, criminal liability shall also be borne by a person who has committed an offence on board a warship or a military aircraft of the Russian Federation, regardless of the place of their location.

4. The question of the criminal liability of diplomatic representatives of foreign States and other individuals who enjoy immunity shall be settled in conformity with the standards of international law, if these persons have committed crimes on the territory of the Russian Federation.

Article 12. The Operation of Criminal Law in Respect of Persons Who Have Committed Offences Outside the Boundaries of the Russian Federation

1. Citizens of the Russian Federation and stateless persons permanently residing in the Russian Federation who have committed outside the Russian Federation a crime against the interests guarded by the present Code shall be subject to criminal liability in accordance with the present Code, unless a decision of a foreign state's court exists concerning this crime in respect of these persons.

2. Servicemen of military units of the Russian Federation located beyond the confines of the Russian Federation shall bear criminal liability for their crimes committed on the territories of foreign states under this Code, unless otherwise stipulated by international agreements of the Russian Federation.

3. Foreign nationals and stateless persons who do not reside permanently in the Russian Federation and who have committed crimes outside the boundaries of the Russian Federation shall be brought to criminal liability under this Code in cases where the crimes run against the interests of the Russian Federation or a citizen of the Russian Federation or a stateless person permanently residing in the Russian Federation, and also in the cases provided for by international agreements of the Russian Federation, and unless the foreign citizens and stateless persons not residing permanently in the Russian Federation have been convicted in a foreign state and are brought to criminal liability on the territory of the Russian Federation.

Article 13. Extradition of Persons Who Have Committed Crimes

1. Citizens of the Russian Federation who have committed crimes in foreign states shall not be subject to extradition to these states.

2. Foreign nationals and stateless persons who have committed offences outside the boundaries of the Russian Federation and who are to be found on the territory of the Russian Federation may be extradited to a foreign state for bringing to criminal liability or to serve their sentences in conformity with international agreements of the Russian Federation.

Section II. Crime
Chapter 3. The Concept of Crime and Types of Crimes

Article 14. The Concept of Crime

1. A socially dangerous act, committed with guilt and prohibited by this Code under threat of punishment, shall be deemed to be a crime.

2. The commission of an act, or inaction, although formally containing the indicia of any act provided for by this Code, but which, by reason of its insignificance, does not represent a social danger, which caused no harm and has not created a treat of damage to a person, society, or the state, shall not be deemed a crime.

Article 15. Categories of Crimes

1. Depending on the nature and degree of social danger, the deeds provided for by this Code shall be divided into crimes of little gravity, crimes of average gravity, grave crimes, and especially grave crimes.

2. Intentional and careless acts, for the commission of which the maximum penalty stipulated by this Code does not exceed three years deprivation of liberty, shall be recognized as crimes of little gravity.

3. Qualified as medium-gravity crimes shall be deliberate offences for whose commitment the maximum punishment stipulated by the present Code does not exceed five years of deprivation of freedom, and careless crimes for whose commitment the maximum punishment stipulated by the present Code exceeds three years of deprivation of freedom.

4. Intentional acts, for the commission of which the maximum penalty stipulated by this Code does not exceed ten years deprivation of liberty, shall be recognized as grave crimes.

5. Intentional acts, for the commission of which this Code provides a penalty in the form of deprivation of liberty for a term exceeding ten years, or a more severe punishment, shall be recognized as especially grave crimes.

Federal Law No. 420-FZ of December 7, 2011 supplemented Article 15 of this Code with part 6

6. Subject to the actual circumstances of a crime and the social danger thereof, a court is entitled, where there are mitigating circumstances and there are no aggravating circumstances, to change the grade of the crime for a less grave one but at most by a single grade, provided that for making the crime cited in Part Three of this article the convicted person is sentenced to at most three years of imprisonment or another more lenient punishment, for making the crime cited in Part Four of this article the convict is sentenced to at most five years of imprisonment or another more lenient punishment and for making the crime cited in Part Five of this article the convict is sentenced to at most seven years of imprisonment.

Article 16. Abolished

See the text of Article 16 of the Criminal Code

Article 17. Cumulative Punishment

1. The commission of two or more crimes for both of which a person has been convicted,

shall be deemed cumulative punishment, except for instances when the commission of two and more crimes is provided for by Articles of the Special Part of this Code as a circumstance entailing stricter punishment. In case of a cumulation of crimes, the person shall bear criminal liability for each committed crime under the respective Article or part of Article of this Code.

2. One act (inaction), containing the elements of crimes envisaged by two or more Articles of this Code, shall also be deemed to be a cumulation of crimes.

3. If a crime is covered both generally and specifically, then the cumulation of both crimes shall not be imposed and criminal liability shall arise according to the special elements.

Article 18. Recidivism

1. The committing of an intentional crime by a person who has a record of conviction for an intentional crime committed earlier shall be classified as the recidivism of crimes.

2. The recidivism of crimes shall be classified as a dangerous crime in the following cases:

a) when a person has committed a grave crime for which he is sentenced to a real deprivation of liberty, if earlier this person has been sentenced twice or more times to deprivation of liberty for intentional medium gravity crimes;

b) when a person has committed an intentional grave crime, if he has been earlier convicted for a grave or especially grave crime to real deprivation of liberty.

3. Recidivism shall be deemed especially dangerous:

a) when a person has committed a grave crime, for which he is sentenced to a real deprivation of liberty, if earlier this person has been convicted twice and sentenced to a real deprivation of liberty for a grave crime;

b) when a person has committed an especially grave crime, if earlier he has been convicted twice for grave crimes or has been convicted for an especially grave crime.

4. When recognizing the recidivism of crime, the following shall not be taken into account:

a) convictions for intentional crimes of little gravity;

b) convictions for crimes committed by a person of the age of less than 18 years;

c) convictions for crimes for which sentences have been recognized as suspended or for which a respite has been granted, if the suspended sentence or the respite have not been reversed and the person has not been sent for serving a sentence to institutions of confinement, as well as convictions quashed or struck from the criminal record in the procedure established by Article 86 of this Code.

5. Recidivism shall involve a stricter punishment on the basis of, and within the limits, envisaged by this Code, as well as other effects provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Chapter 4. Persons Subject to Criminal Liability

Article 19. General Conditions for Criminal Liability

Only a sane natural person who has reached the statutory age envisaged by this Code shall be subject to criminal liability.

Article 20. The Age of Criminal Liability

1. A person who, before the commission of a crime, has reached the age of 16 years shall be subject to criminal liability.

2. Persons who, before the commission of a crime, have reached the age of 14 years

shall be subject to criminal liability for murder (Article 105), intentional infliction of grave bodily injury causing an impairment of health (Article 111), intentional infliction of bodily injury of average gravity (Article 112), kidnapping (Article 126), rape (Article 131), forcible sexual actions (Article 132), theft (Article 158), robbery (Article 161), armed robbery (Article 162), racketeering (Article 163), unlawful occupancy of a car or any other transport vehicle without theft (Article 166), intentional destruction or damage of property under aggravating circumstances (the second part of Article 167), act of terrorism (Article 205), seizure of a hostage (Article 206), making a deliberately false report about an act of terrorism (Article 207), hooliganism under aggravating circumstances (the second part of Article 213), vandalism (Article 214), theft or possession of firearms, ammunition, explosives, and explosion devices (Article 226), theft or possession of narcotics or psychotropic substances (Article 229), the distruction of transport vehicles or methods of communication (Article 267).

3. If a minor has reached the age envisaged by the first and second parts of this Article, but in consequence of mental retardation not associated with mental derangement could not fully realize the actual character or social danger of his actions (inaction) during the committing of a socially dangerous deed, or could not control these actions, then he shall not be subject to criminal liability.

Article 21. Insanity

1. A person who, at the time of the committing of a socially dangerous act, was insane, that is, was unable to understand the actual character or social danger of his actions (inaction) or to govern them as a result of a chronic or temporary mental derangement, mental deficiency or any other mental condition, shall not be subject to criminal liability.

2. Compulsory medical treatment, as envisaged in this Code, may be imposed by a court of law on a person who has committed a socially dangerous deed in a state of insanity.

Article 22. Criminal Liability of Persons with Mental Derangement that Does Not Equal Sanity

1. A person of sound mind, who during the commission of a crime, by virtue of mental derangement could not in full measure comprehend the actual character and social danger of his actions (inaction), or control them, shall be subject to criminal liability.

2. Mental derangement that does not equal sanity shall be taken into consideration by a court of law when it imposes punishment, and may serve as grounds for the imposition of corrective medical treatment

Article 23. Criminal Liability of Persons Who Have Committed Crimes in a State of Intoxication

A person who has committed a crime in a state of intoxication, caused by the use of alcoholic drinks, narcotics, or other stupefying substances, shall be subject to criminal liability.

Chapter 5. Guilt

Article 24. Forms of Guilt

1. A person who has committed an act deliberately or carelessly shall be deemed to be guilty of a crime.

2. An act committed negligently shall be recognized as a crime only in cases where this is specially provided for by the relevant Article of the Spesial Part of this code. Special Part of this Code.

Article 25. Crimes Committed Negligently

1. An act committed with express intent or extreme recklessness shall be recognized as a crime committed intentionally.

2. A crime shall be deemed to be committed with clear intent, if the person was conscious of the social danger of his actions (inaction), foresaw the possibility or the inevitability of the onset of socially dangerous consequences, and willed such consequences to ensue.

3. A crime shall be deemed to be committed with indirect intent, if the person realized the social danger of his actions (inaction), foresaw the possibility of the onset of socially dangerous consequences, did not wish, but consciously allowed these consequences or treated them with indifference.

Article 26. A Crime Committed through Negligence

1. A criminal deed committed thoughtlessly or due to negligence shall be recognized as a crime committed through negligence.

2. A crime shall be deemed to be committed thoughtlessly, if the person has foreseen the possibility of the onset of socially dangerous consequences of his actions (inaction), but expected without valid reasons that these consequences would be prevented.

3. A crime shall be deemed to be committed due to negligence if the person has not foreseen the possibility of the onset of socially dangerous consequences of his actions (inaction), although he could and should have foreseen these consequences.

Article 27. Liability for a Crime Committed with Two Forms of Guilt

If an intentional crime results in grave consequences, which under the law involve a stricter punishment but which were not included in the person's intent, then criminal liability for such consequences shall ensue only in cases where the person foresaw the possibility of their onset, but expected without valid reason that they would be prevented, or in cases where the person did not foresee, but could and should have foreseen the possibility of the onset of these consequences. By and large, such crime shall be deemed to be committed willfully.

Article 28. Innocent Infliction of Harm

1. A deed shall be deemed to be committed innocently if the person who performed it did not realize and could not realize due to the circumstances of the case the social danger of his actions (inaction), or did not foresee the possibility of the onset of socially dangerous consequences and could not or should not have foreseen them due to the circumstances of the case.

2. A deed shall be deemed to be committed innocently if the person who performed it, although foresaw the possibility of the onset of the socially dangerous consequences of his actions (inaction), could not prevent these consequences because of a failure of his psycho-physiological abilities to cope with the requirements of extreme conditions or nervous and psychic stresses.

Chapter 6. Incomplete Offence

Article 29. Complete and Incomplete Offences

1. An offence shall be deemed to be complete if the deed committed by the person concerned contains all the elements of the corpus delicti, envisaged by this Code.

2. Preparations for an offence and an attempt to commit it shall be deemed an incomplete offence.

3. Criminal liability for an incomplete offence shall ensue under the Article of this Code that stipulates liability for a complete offence, with reference to Article 30 of this Code.

Article 30. Preparations for a Crime, and Attempted Crimes

1. The looking for, manufacturing, or adapting by a person of means or instruments for committing a crime, the finding of accomplices for a crime, the conspiracy to commit a crime, or any other intentional creation of conditions to commit a crime shall be deemed preparations for a crime, unless the crime has been carried out owing to circumstances outside the control of this person.

2. Criminal liability shall ensue for preparations to commit only grave or especially grave crime.

3. Intentional actions (inaction) by the person concerned, directed expressly towards the commission of a crime, shall be deemed to be an attempted crime, unless the crime has been carried out owing to circumstances beyond the control of this person.

Article 31. Voluntary Refusal to Commit a Crime

1. The termination by the person concerned of preparations for a crime or the termination of actions (inaction) directed expressly at the commission of the crime shall be deemed to be a voluntary refusal to commit a crime if the person was aware of the possibility of carrying out the crime.

2. A person shall not be subject to criminal liability for a crime if he voluntarily and finally refused to carry out this crime.

3. A person who voluntarily refused to carry out a crime shall be subject to criminal liability if the deed performed by him in actual fact contains a different corpus delicti.

4. An organiser of a crime or an abettor of a crime shall not be subject to criminal liability if these persons have prevented the crime being carried out by the perpetrator by informing in time the authorities, or by applying other measures. An abettor of a crime shall also not be subject to criminal liability if he has taken all due measures in order to prevent the commission of the crime.

5. If the actions of the organiser or the abettor, envisaged by the fourth part of this Article, have not resulted in the prevention of the crime by the perpetrator, the measures taken by them may be recognized by a court of law as mitigating circumstances when imposing punishment.

Chapter 7. Complicity in a Crime

Article 32. The Concept of Complicity in a Crime

The intentional joint participation of two or more persons in the commission of a deliberate crime shall be deemed to be complicity in a crime.

Article 33. Types of Accomplices of a Crime

1. In addition to the perpetrator, organisers, instigators, and accessories shall be deemed accomplices.

2. A person who has actually committed a crime or who directly participated in its commission together with other persons (co-perpetrators), and also a person who has committed a crime by using other persons who are not subject to criminal liability by reason of age, insanity, or other circumstances provided for by this Code, shall be deemed to be a perpetrator.

3. A person who has organised the commission of a crime or has directed its commission, and also a person who has created an organised group or a criminal community (criminal organisation) or has guided them, shall be deemed an organiser.

4. A person who has abetted another person in committing a crime by persuasion, bribery, threat, or by any other method shall be deemed an instigator.

5. A person who has assisted in the commission of a crime by advice, instructions on committing the crime, or removal of obstacles to it, and also a person who has promised beforehand to conceal the criminal, means and instruments of commission of the crime, traces of the crime, or objects obtained criminally, and equally a person who has promised beforehand to acquire such objects, shall be deemed to be an accessory.

Article 34. The Liability of Accomplices in a Crime

1. The liability of accomplices in a crime shall be determined by the character and degree of the actual participation of each of them in the commission of the crime.

2. Co-perpetrators shall be answerable under the Article of the Special Part of this Code for a crime committed by them jointly, without reference to Article 33 of this Code.

3. The criminal liability of an organiser, instigator, or accessory shall ensue under the Article that provides for punishment for the crime committed, with reference to Article 33 of this Code, except for in cases when they simultaneously were co-perpetrators of the crime.

4. A person who is not a participant in a crime specially indicated in the respective Article of the Special Part of this Code and who has taken part in the commission of the crime, stipulated by this Article, shall bear criminal liability for the given offence as its organiser, instigator, or accessory.

5. If the perpetrator of a crime fails to carry out this crime owing to circumstances beyond his control, then the rest of the co-perpetrators shall bear criminal liability for preparations for the crime or attempted crime. A person who has not managed to abet other persons in commiting a crime owing to circumstances beyond his control shall also bear criminal liability for preparations for the crime.

Article 35. The Commission of a Crime by a Group of Persons, by a Group of Persons by Previous Concert, and by an Organised Group of a Criminal Community (Criminal Organisation)

1. A crime shall be deemed to be committed by a group of persons if two or more perpetrators have jointly participated in its commission without previous concert.

2. A crime shall be deemed to be committed by a group of persons by previous concert, if the persons took part in it after they reached an agreement on the joint commission of a crime.

3. A crime shall be deemed to be committed by an organised group, if it was committed by a stable group of persons who in advance united for the commission of one or more offences.

4. A crime shall be deemed to be committed by a criminal community (criminal organisation), if it has been perpetrated by a structured organised group or by an association of organised groups under a consolidated guidance whose members have united for the purpose of joint committing of one or several grave and especially grave crimes aimed at deriving direct or indirect financial or other material benefits.

5. A person who has created an organised group or a criminal community (criminal organisation), or has directed them, shall be subject to criminal liability for their organisation in cases provided for by Articles 208, 209, 210 and 282.¹ of this Code, and also for all the offences committed by the organised group or the criminal community (criminal organisation), if they have been embraced by his intent. Other participants in the organised group or criminal community (criminal organisation) shall bear criminal liability for their participation in cases provided for by the relevant Articles of the Special Part of this Code, and also for the crimes, in the preparation and commission of which they have taken part.

6. The creation of an organised group in cases which are not envisaged by Articles of the Special Part of this Code shall involve criminal liability for preparations for those offences for which it was set up.

7. The commission of a crime by a group of persons, a group of persons by previous concert, by an organised group, or a criminal community (criminal organisation) shall entail strict punishment on the ground and within the limits provided for by this Code.

Article 36. Excess Perpetration of Crimes

The commission of a crime that is not embraced by the intent of other accomplices shall be deemed to be an excess of the perpetrator. Other accomplices to the crime shall not be subject to criminal liability for the excess of the perpetrator.

Chapter 8. Circumstances Excluding the Criminality of a Deed

Article 37. Justifiable Defence

1. It shall not be deemed a crime when harm is inflicted in the state of justifiable defence against an attacking person, i.e., in the case of the protection of the person and the rights of defendant or other persons, law-protected interests of the society or the state against a socially-dangerous attack if such an attack involved violence threatening the life of the defendant or another person or an immediate threat of use of such violence.

2. Defence against an attack not involving violence threatening the life of the defendant or another person or an immediate threat of use of such a violence is legal if in this case the limits of justifiable defence have not been surpassed, i.e., no deliberate actions have been committed which apparently did not match the character and danger of the attack.

2.¹. Actions of a defendant shall not be deemed as surpassing the limits of justifiable defence if the defendant could not fairly assess the degree and nature of the threat posed by the attack.

3. The provisions of the present Article equally extend to all persons, irrespective of their professional or other special training and position, and also irrespective of the possibility of avoiding an encroachment of danger to the public interest or of applying to other persons or governmental bodies for help.

Article 38. The Infliction of Harm on a Detained Person Who Has Committed a Crime

1. The infliction of harm on a person who has committed a crime during his detention or during his delivery to the authorities, or in thwarting the possibility of the commission by him of further offences, shall not be deemed a crime unless it was possible to detain such person and there was an excess of the measures taken for this detention.

2. A clear disproportion between the measures required for the detention of a person who has committed a crime and the character and the degree of the social danger of the offence perpetrated by the detained person and the circumstances of the detention, when harm is caused to the infringer without valid reasons, shall be deemed to be an excess of necessary measures. Such excess shall involve criminal liability only in cases of intentional infliction of harm.

Article 39. Extreme Necessity

1. The harming of legally-protected interests in a state of extreme necessity, that is, for the purpose of removing a direct danger to a person or his rights, to the rights of other persons, or to the legally-protected interests of the society or the State, shall not be deemed to be a crime if this danger could not be removed by other means and if there was no exceeding the limits of extreme necessity.

2. The infliction of harm that clearly does not correspond to the nature and the degree of threatened danger, nor to the circumstances under which the danger was removed, when equal or more considerable harm was caused to said interests than the harm averted, shall be deemed to be exceeding extreme necessity.

Such excess shall involve criminal liability only in cases of intended infliction of harm.

Article 40. Physical or Mental Coercion

1. The infliction of harm to legally-protected interests as a result of physical coercion shall not be a crime, if in consequence of such coercion the offender could not control his actions (inaction).

2. The question of criminal liability for the infliction of harm to legally-protected interests as a result of mental coercion, and also as a result of physical coercion, despite which the offender retained the possibility of controlling his actions, shall be settled with due account of the provisions of Article 39 of this Code.

Article 41. Justified Risk

1. No criminal liability shall ensue for infliction of harm to legally-protected interests provided the risk is justified as attaining a socially useful goal.

2. Risk shall be regarded as justified unless the said goal could have been attained through action (inaction) not associated with risk and provided the person that committed the risk has undertaken all measures sufficient to prevent harm to legally-protected interests.

3. Risk shall not be regarded as justified if it was known to involve a threat to the life of many persons, or a hazard of environmental or societal disaster.

Article 42. Execution of Order or Instruction

1. Infliction of harm to legally-protected interests shall not be qualified as an act of crime if it was caused by a person acting in execution of an order or instruction binding on him. Criminal liability for infliction of such harm shall be borne by a person who gave an illegal order or instruction.

2. A person who committed intentional offence in execution of an order or instruction known to be illegal, shall be liable under usual terms. Failure to execute an order or instruction known to be illegal shall preclude criminal liability.

Section III. Punishment
Chapter 9. The Concept and Purposes of Punishment. Types of Punishment

Article 43. The Concept and Purposes of Punishment

1. Punishment is a measure of state compulsion assigned by a court's judgement. Punishment shall be applied to a person who has been found guilty of the commission of a crime. It consists of the deprivation or restriction of the rights and freedoms of this person, as provided for by this Code.

2. Punishment shall be applied for the purpose of restoring social justice, and also for the purpose of reforming a convicted person and of preventing the commission of further crimes.

Article 44. Penalties

The following penalties may be applied:

a) fines;

b) deprivation of the right to hold specific offices or to engage in specific activities;

c) deprivation of a special or military rank or honourary title, class rank or government decoration;

d) compulsory works;

e) corrective labour;

f) restriction of military service;

g) abolished

h) restricted liberty;

Federal Law No. 420-FZ of December 7, 2011 supplemented Article 44 of this Code with Item h.¹

h.¹) compulsory labour;

i) arrest;

j) service in a disciplinary military unit;

k) deprivation of liberty for a fixed period;

l) deprivation of liberty for life;

m) capital punishment

Article 45. Basic and Additional Penalties

1. Compulsory work, corrective labour, restriction of military service, compulsory labour, arrest, service in a disciplinary military unit, deprivation of liberty for a fixied term, deprivation of liberty for life, and capital punishment shall be applicable as basic penalties alone.

2. Fines, deprivation of the right to hold specific offices or engage in specific activity and restriction of liberty shall be applicable both as basic and additional penalties.

3. Deprivation of a special or military rank, honourary title, class rank or government decoration shall be applicable as additional penalties alone.

Article 46. Fines

1. A fine is a monetary penalty imposed within the limits provided for by this Code.

Federal Law No. 97-FZ of May 4, 2011 reworded part 2 of Article 46 of this Code

2. A fine shall be established in the amount of five thousand roubles to 1, 000, 000 roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of from two weeks to five years, or shall be estimated in the amount which is a multiple of the cost of the article, or of the sum of commercial subornation or bribe. A fine in the amount of 500, 000 roubles or in the amount of the wage or salary or any other income of the convicted person for a period over three years may be only imposed for grave and especially grave crimes in the instances specified by the appropriate articles of the Special Part of this Code, except when the amount of a fine is estimated on the basis of the value which is a multiple of the sum of commercial subornation or bribe. A fine estimated on the basis of the value which is a multiple of the amount of commercial subornation or bribe shall be fixed in the sum which is up to one hundred times as much as the amount of commercial subornation or bribe but it may not be below twenty five thousand roubles and over five hundred million roubles.

3. The amount of a fine shall be determined by a court of law subject to the gravity of the crime and the property status of the convicted person and his family, as well as subject to the convicted person's ability to receive a wage or any other income. Subject to the same circumstances a court of law may impose a fine payable in installments for a term of up to five years.

4. As an additional penalty, a fine may be imposed only in cases, provided for by the relevant Articles of the Special Part of this Code.

5. If a person maliciously evades payment of a fine inflicted as the principal punishment, it shall be replaced by another punishment, except for deprivation of liberty. The cited provision shall not extend to persons sentenced to punishment in the form of a fine for the crimes provided for by Articles 204, 290, 291 and 291.¹ of this Code.

Article 47. Deprivation of the Right to Hold Specified Offices or to Engage in Specified Activities

1. Deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities consists of the prohibition to hold offices in the civil service and local self-government bodies, or to engage in professional or any other activity.

2. Deprivation of the right to hold specific offices or to engage in specific activities shall be established for a term of one year to five years as a basic penalty, or for a term of six months to three years as an additional penalty. In the instances specially stipulated by the relevant articles of the Special Part of this Code, the deprivation of the right to hold certain posts or to be engaged in a certain activity, shall be established for a period of up to twenty years as a supplementary kind of punishment.

3. Deprivation of the right to hold specific offices or to engage in specific activities may be imposed as an additional penalty also in cases where it is not provided for by the relevant Article of the Special Part of this Code as punishment for the corresponding offence, if with due account of the nature and the degree of the social danger of the crime committed and the personality of the convict, the court deems it impossible to allow him to retain the right to hold specific offices or to engage in specific activities.

4. In the event that this type of penalty is imposed in addition to compulsory or corrective work, restriction of liberty, and also in the event of conditional conviction, its term shall be counted from the time of the enforcement of the court's judgement. In the event that deprivation of the right to hold specific offices or to engage in specific activities is an additional penalty to the arrest, service in a disciplinary military unit, compulsory labour, or deprivation of liberty, this punishment shall extend to the entire time of serving said basic penalties, but its term shall be counted from the time they have been served.

Article 48. Deprivation of Special or Military Rank or Honorary Title, Class Rank, or Government Decoration

Upon conviction for a grave or especially grave crime, a court of law may deprive the guilty person of his special or military rank, or of his honorary title, class rank, or government decoration, with due account for his personality.

Article 49. Compulsory Works

According to Federal Law No. 64-FZ of June 13, 1996 (in the wording of January 10, 2002), the provisions of the present Code on the punishment in the form of obligatory labour shall be put into effect by a Federal Law after the entry into force of the Criminal Executive Code of the Russian Federation as are created necessary conditions for the execution of this type of punishment, but no later than 2004

1. Compulsory work consists of the performance of free socially useful works by the convicted person during his spare time. The type of compulsory works and the objects where they are to be served shall be determinable by local self-government bodies by approbation of criminal executive inspectorates.

2. Compulsory works shall be fixed for a period of 60 to 480 hours, and shall be served during no more than four hours a day.

3. If the convict maliciously evades obligatory labour, it shall be replaced by compulsory labour or deprivation of liberty. In so doing, the time period within which the convict serves obligatory labour shall be taken into account when fixing the time period of compulsory labour or deprivation of liberty on the basis of one day of compulsory labour or one day of deprivation of liberty per eight hours of obligatory labour.

4. Compulsory works shall not be imposed upon persons who are deemed to be invalids of the first group, pregnant women, women with children of less than eight years of age, upon military servicemen undergoing military service after call-up, or upon military servicemen undergoing military service on a contractual basis in the capacity of soldiers and sergeants, if they at the time of sentencing by a court of law have not served the term of military service after call-up established by laws.

Article 50. Corrective Labour

1. Corrective labour shall be imposed upon the convict having the principal place of work, as well as upon the one who does not have such. The convict having the principal place of work shall serve corrective labour at the principal place of work. The convict who does have the principal place of work shall serve corrective labour at the places fixed by local authorities by approbation of penal inspectorates but in the district where the convict resides.

2. Corrective labour shall be imposed for a term of from two months to two years.

3. Deductions for the benefit of the State shall be made from the wage or salary of the person sentenced to corrective labour, in the amount fixed by the court's judgement, within the limits of from five to 20 per cent.

4. If the convict maliciously evades serving corrective labour, a court may replace the punishment, that has not been served, by compulsory labour or deprivation of liberty on the basis of one day of compulsory labour or one day of deprivation of liberty per three days of corrective labour.

5. Corrective labour shall not be imposed upon persons who are deemed to be invalids of the first group, pregnant women, women with children of less than eight years of age, upon military servicemen undergoing military service after call-up, or upon military servicemen undergoing military service on a contractual basis in the capacity of soldiers and sergeants, if they, at the time of sentencing by a court of law, have not served the term of military service after call-up established by laws.

Article 51. Restriction of Military Service

1. Restriction of military service shall be imposed upon convicted servicemen undergoing military service under a contract for a term of from three months to two years, in cases envisaged by the corresponding Articles of the Special Part of this Code for the commission of offences against military service, and shall also be imposed upon servicemen undergoing military service under a contract in a place of corrective labour, as stipulated by the relevant Articles of the Special Part of this Code.

2. Deductions for the benefit of the State shall be made from the allowance of a person convicted to a restriction of military service in the amount fixed by the court's judgement, of not more than 20 per cent. During the serving of this punishment the convicted person may not be promoted in his post or in military rank, and the period of punishment shall not be counted in the period of seniority for purposes of promotion in rank.

Article 52. Abolished

Article 53. Restriction of Liberty

1. Restriction of liberty shall lie in the imposition by a court of the following restrictions in respect of a convict: not to leave his/her house (flat or other dwelling place) at a definite time of the day, not to visit definite places within the bounds of the area of an appropriate municipal entity, not to go beyond the bounds of the area of the appropriate municipal entity, not to visit places where mass events are held and other kinds of activities are exercised and not to attend them, not to change the place of residence or stay, the place of work and/or study without sanction of the specialized state body engaged in supervision over serving sentences in the form of restriction of liberty. With this, a court shall charge a convict with the duty of appearing at the specialized state body exercising supervision over serving by convicts of sentences in the form of restriction of liberty for registration from one to four times a month. It shall be mandatory for a court to impose in respect of a convict restrictions as to changing the place of residence or stay without the sanction of the cited specialized state body, as well as in respect of exit thereof outside the area of the appropriate municipal entity.

2. Restriction of liberty shall be imposed for a term from two months to four years as the basic kind of punishment for petty crimes and medium-gravity crimes, as well as for a term from six months to two years as a kind of punishment which is additional to compulsory labour or deprivation of liberty where it is provided for by appropriate articles of the Special Part of this Code.

3. Within the period of serving restriction of liberty a court on the proposal of the specialized state body exercising supervision over serving by convicts sentences in the form of restriction of liberty, may partially reduce, or add to, the previously imposed restrictions in respect of a convict.

4. Supervision over a convict serving restriction of liberty shall be exercised in the procedure provided for by the criminal-executive legislation of the Russian Federation, as well as by the regulatory legal acts issued in compliance with it by authorised federal executive power bodies.

5. In the event of a convict's malicious evasion of serving restriction of liberty imposed as the basic kind of punishment, a court on the proposal of the specialized state body exercising supervision over serving by convicts of sentences in the form of restriction of liberty may replace the non-served part of the sentence in the from of compulsory labour or restriction of liberty by deprivation of liberty at the rate of one day of compulsive labour for two days of restriction of liberty or one day of deprivation of liberty per two days of restriction of liberty.

6. Restriction of liberty shall not be imposed on military servicemen, foreign persons or stateless persons, or on persons who do not have a permanent place of residence in the territory of the Russian Federation.

Federal Law No. 420-FZ of December 7, 2011 supplemented this Code with Article 53.1

The provisions of this Code (in the wording of Federal Law No. 420-FZ of December 7, 2011), as regards compulsory labour, shall apply starting from January 1, 2013

Article 53.¹. Compulsory Labour

1. Compulsory labour shall be imposed as an alternative to deprivation of liberty, where it is provided for by the appropriate articles of the Special Part of the Code, for making petty or medium-gravity crimes or for making a grave crime for the first time.

2. If, after imposing punishment in the form of deprivation of liberty, a court comes to the conclusion that it is possible to correct the convict without actual serving of punishment at the place of confinement, it shall rule to replace the convict's punishment in the form of deprivation of liberty by compulsory labour. If a court imposes punishment in the form of deprivation of liberty for a term exceeding five years, compulsory labour shall not apply.

3. Compulsory labour lies in attracting the convict to labour at the places specified by penal institutions and bodies.

4. Compulsory labour shall be imposed for a term of two months to five years.

5. Deductions shall be made from the wages of the person sentenced to compulsory labour for the benefit of the State and remitted onto the account of the appropriate regional agency of the penal system in the amount fixed by the court sentence and within the limits of five to twenty per cent.

6. Should the convict evade serving compulsory labour, it shall be replaced by deprivation of liberty on the basis of one day of deprivation of liberty per one day of compulsory labour.

7. Compulsory labour shall not be imposed upon minors, persons recognized as I or II group invalids, pregnant women, women having children under three year old, women who have attained the age of 55 year old, men who have attained the age of 60 years old, as well as upon military servicemen.

Article 54. Arrest

According to Federal Law No. 64-FZ of June 13, 1996, the provisions of the present Code on the punishment in the form of arrest shall be put into effect by a federal law after the entry into force of the Criminal Executive Code of the Russian Federation as there are created the necessary conditions for the execution of this type of punishment, but no later than 2001

1. Arrest consists of the maintenance of a convicted person in conditions of strict isolation from society, and shall be imposed for a term of from one to six months. In the event that compulsory works or corrective labour is replaced by arrest, the latter may be imposed for a term of not less than one month.

2. Arrest shall not be imposed on persons who have not reached 16 years of age by the time of adjudication, nor upon pregnant women or women who have children of less than fourteen years of age

3. Servicemen shall be taken into custody in detention quarters.

Article 55. Service in a Disciplinary Military Unit

1. Service in a disciplinary military unit shall be imposed upon servicemen undergoing military service after call-up, and also upon servicemen undergoing military service under contract as enlisted men, if at the time of adjudication they have not served their statutory terms under call up. This punishment shall be imposed for a term of three months to two years in cases provided for by the corresponding Articles of the Special Part of this Code for the commission of crimes against military service, and also in cases when the nature of the crime and the personality of the guilty person testify to the possibility of replacing deprivation of liberty with a term of less than two years, with service by the convicted person in a disciplinary military unit for the same term.

2. When a convicted person serves in a disciplinary military unit instead of deprivation of liberty, the term of service in the disciplinary military unit shall be determined at the rate of one day of deprivation of liberty per day of service in the disciplinary military unit.

Article 56. Deprivation of Liberty for a Fixed Term

1. Deprivation of freedom shall amount to the isolation of the convict from society by sending him to a settlement colony, placing him into an educational colony, into a medical treatment and reformatory institution or into a reformatory colony of general, strict or special regime, or into prison. Punishment in the form of deprivation of liberty may be only imposed upon the convict who has made a petty crime for the first time, if there are the aggravating circumstances provided for by Article 63 of this Code, except for the crimes provided for by Part One of Article 228, Part One of Article 231 and Article 233 of this Code, and solely if an appropriate article of the Special Part of this Code provides for deprivation of liberty as for the only kind of punishment.

2. Deprivation of liberty shall be established for a term of two months to 20 years.

3. abolished.

4. In case of a partial or full merger of the terms of deprivation of liberty into the assignment of punishment by a cumulation of penalties, the maximum total term of deprivation of liberty may not exceed 25 years, and for cumulative sentences - 30 years.

Article 57. Deprivation of Liberty for Life

Federal Law No. 18-FZ of March 1, 2012 amended part 1 of Article 57 of this Code

1. Deprivation of liberty for life is established for the commission of especially grave crimes of attack on human life, as well as for committing especially grave crimes against the health of the population and public morals, public safety and sexual integrity of minors under fourteen years old.

2. Deprivation of liberty for life shall not be imposed upon women, nor upon persons who have committed crimes at ages below 18 years, nor upon men who have reached 65 years of age by the time of adjudication.

Article 58. Assignment of the Kind of Reformatory Institution for Those Sentenced to Deprivation of Freedom

1. The sentence of deprivation of freedom shall be served:

a) by persons convicted for crimes committed because of carelessness, as well as by persons sentenced to deprivation of freedom for committing deliberate petty and medium gravity offences, who have not been formerly sentenced to deprivation of freedom - in settlement colonies. Taking into account the circumstances of the committing of the crime and the convict's personality, the court may rule that the said persons may serve punishment in reformatory colonies of the general regime, while supplying the motives for the adopted decision;

b) by men sentenced to deprivation of liberty for committing grave crimes, who have not previously served a sentence of deprivation of liberty, as well as by women sentenced to deprivation of liberty for committing grave and especially grave crimes, as well as in the event of recidivism of any type in reformatory colonies of the general regime;

c) the men sentenced to deprivation of freedom for committing especially grave crimes, who have not earlier served a sentence of deprivation of freedom, or in the event of recidivism or dangerous recidivism - in reformatory colonies of the strict regime;

d) the men sentenced to deprivation of freedom for life, and in case of committing especially dangerous repeated crimes - in reformatory colonies of the special regime.

2. Men sentenced to deprivation of freedom for committing particularly grave crimes for a term of over five years, and also in case of especially dangerous repeated crimes may be made to serve a part of the term of punishment in prison; with this, a court of law shall include the term of holding the convicted person in custody, pending the entry of the conviction into legal force, into the time period of serving the sentence in prison.

3. Persons sentenced to deprivation of freedom who have not reached eighteen years of age at the moment of the court passing the sentence, shall be sent for serving punishment to educational colonies.

4. The kind of assigned reformatory institution may be changed by a court in accordance with the criminal-executive legislation of the Russian Federation.

Article 59. Capital Punishment

1. Capital punishment, as an exclusive penalty, may be imposed only for especially grave crimes encroaching on human life.

2. Capital punishment shall not be applied to women, nor to persons who have committed offences at below 18 years of age, nor to men who have reached 65 years of age by the time of adjudication.

2.¹. Capital punishment shall not be applied to persons extradited to the Russian Federation by a foreign state for criminal prosecution under an international treaty made by the Russian Federation or on the basis of the principle of reciprocity, if the legislation of the foreign state that has extradited the person does not provide for the imposition of capital punishment for the crime committed by this person, or he/she has been extradited on condition of the non-application of capital punishment, or he/she may not be sentenced to the death penalty for other reasons.

3. Capital punishment may be replaced by way of a pardon with deprivation of liberty for life or by deprivation of liberty for a term of 25 years.

Chapter 10. Imposition of Punishment

Article 60. General Principles for Imposing Punishment

1. The court shall impose just punishment on a person who has been found guilty of the commission of a crime, within the limits stipulated by the relevant Article of the Special Part of this Code, and with due account for the provisions of the General Part of this Code. A stricter penalty from among several provided for a crime shall be imposed only if a milder penalty cannot ensure the achievement of the purposes of punishment.

2. Stricter punishment than that envisaged by the relevant Articles of the Special Part of this Code for the committed crime may be imposed for the cumulation of offences and for the cumulation of sentences in keeping with Articles 69 and 70 of this Code. Grounds for the imposition of a lighter punishment than that stipulated by the relevant Article of the Special Part of this Code for the perpetrated crime shall be determined by Article 64 of this Code.

3. In imposing punishment, the court shall take into consideration the nature and degree of the social danger of the crime and the personality of the convict, including any mitigating or aggravating circumstances, and also the influence of the imposed penalty on the rehabilitation of the convicted person and on the conditions of life of his family.

Article 61. Circumstances Mitigating Punishment

1. The following circumstances shall be deemed to be mitigating circumstances:

Federal Law No. 420-FZ of December 7, 2011 amended Item a of part 1 of Article 61 of this Code

a) commission of a crime of light or medium gravity in consequence of a coincidence of circumstances;

b) the guilty person being a minor;

c) pregnancy;

d) the guilty person being responsible for his infant children;

e) commission of crime in consequence of a coincidence of personal circumstance, or out of compassion;

f) commission of a crime as a result of physical or mental coercion, or by reason of material, official, or any other dependence;

g) commission of crime through a breach of the lawful conditions for necessary defence, the detention of a person who has perpetrated the crime, extreme necessity, justified risk, or the execution of orders or instructions;

h) the illegality or amorality of the victim's behavior, which served as a pretext for the crime;

i) giving oneself up, rendering active assistance in the clearance and investigation of a crime, the exposure and criminal prosecution of other accomplices in the crime, the search for property received through crime;

j) rendering of medical or other aid to the victim after the commission of the crime, voluntary compensation for material loss and mental injury caused as a result of the crime, and other actions of effecting restitution of damage caused to the victim.

2. In imposing punishment, the court of law may take into consideration other mitigating circumstances not provided for by the first part of this Article.

3. If a mitigating circumstance is provided for by the corresponding Article of the Special Part of this Code as an element of another crime, then in itself it may not be considered for that second crime.

Article 62. Turning out a Sentence when Mitigating Circumstances Exist

1. If there exist mitigating circumstances envisaged by Items (i) and/or (j) of Part 1 of Article 61 of the present Code and there are no aggravating circumstances, the term or the scope of the sentence shall not exceed two thirds of the maximum term or scope of the strictest type of sentence envisaged by the relevant article of the Special Part of the Present Code.

2. When a pre-judicial arrangement is concluded for cooperation if there exist mitigating circumstances envisaged by Item (i) of Part 1 of Article 61 of the present Code and there are no aggravating circumstances the term or scope of the sentence shall not exceed a half of the maximum term or scope of the strictest type of sentence envisaged by the relevant article of the Special Part of the present Code.

3. The provisions of Part 1 of the present Article is not applicable if the relevant article of the Special Part of the present Code has a provision for life imprisonment or death penalty. In this case a sentence shall be turned out within the limits of the sanctions set out in the relevant article of the Special Part of the present Code.

4. When a pre-judicial arrangement is concluded for cooperation if the relevant Article of the Special Part of the present Code has a provision for life imprisonment or death penalty these types of sentence are not applicable. In this case the term or scope of the sentence shall not exceed two thirds of the maximum term or scope of the strictest type of sentence in the form of imprisonment envisaged by the relevant Article of the Special Part of the present Code.

Federal Law No. 420-FZ of December 7, 2011 supplemented Article 62 of this Code with part 5

5. The term and scope of punishment imposed upon the person whose criminal case has been tried in the procedure provided for by Chapter 40 of the Criminal-Procedural Code of the Russian Federation may not exceed two thirds of the maximum term and extent of the most severe kind of punishment provided for making a crime.

Article 63. Circumstances Aggravating Punishment

1. The following circumstances shall be deemed to be aggravating circumstances:

a) recidivism of offences;

b) grave consequences of the commission of a crime;

c) commission of a crime by a group of persons or a group of persons by previous concert, by an organised group, or by a criminal community (criminal organisation);

d) an especially active role played in the commission of a crime;

e) involvement in the commission of a crime of persons who suffer from heavy mental derangement or who are in a state of intoxication, or of persons who have not reached the age of criminal liability;

f) commission of a crime by reason of political, ideological, racial, national or religious hatred or enmity or by reason of hatred or enmity with respect to some social group;

f.¹.) Commission of a crime out of revenge for rightful actions of other persons, as well as for the purpose of concealing other crime or facilitating commission thereof;

g) commission of a crime against a person or his relatives in connection with his official activity or the discharge of his public duty;

h) commission of a crime against a woman who is obviously in a state of pregnancy, or against a minor, another defenceless or helpless person, or a person who is dependent on the guilty person;

i) commission of a crime with heightened brutality, sadism or mockery, or involving tormenting the victim;

Federal Law No. 18-FZ of March 1, 2012 amended Item j of part 1 of Article 63 of this Code

j) commission of a crime with the use of weapons, ammunition, explosives, fake explosives, specially manufactured technical means, narcotic agents, psychotropic, potent, poisonous or radioactive substances, medicinal or other chemical and pharmacological preparations, or with the use of physical or mental compulsion;

k) commission of a crime during a state of emergency, natural or social disaster, or during mass disturbances;

l) commission of a crime, abusing confidence placed in the guilty person through his official position, or through a contract;

m) commission of a crime with the use of uniforms or documents of representatives of the authorities;

n) commission of an intentional crime by a worker of a body of internal affairs.

p) making an offence in respect of a minor boy (minor girl) by a parent or other person upon whom the duty of bringing up the minor boy (minor girl) is imposed under law, as well as by a pedagogue or other employee of an educational, tutorial, medical or other institution who is bound to exercise supervision over the minor boy (minor girl).

2. If the aggravating circumstances are provided for by the corresponding Article of the Special Part of this Code as elements of another crime, then they in and of themselves may not be repeatedly considered in case of imposing punishment.

Article 63.¹. Handling down a Sentence in the Event of Breach of a Pre-Judicial Cooperation Arrangement

If it is established that the person that has concluded a pre-judicial cooperation arrangement has provided false information or concealed from an investigator or prosecutor any significant circumstances of the commission of a crime the court shall turn out a sentence for the person in the general procedure without the application of the provisions of Parts 2, 3 and 4 of Article 62 of the present Code as concerning the term and scope of sentence, and Article 64 of the present Code.

Article 64. Imposition of a More Lenient Punishment Than That Provided for the Given Crime

1. In the presence of exceptional circumstances related to the purposes and motives of the crime, the role played by the guilty person, his behavior during or after the commission of the crime, or other circumstances essentially reducing the degree of the social danger of the crime, and also with the active assistance of an accomplice in a group crime in the disclosure of this crime, the most lenient punishment stipulated by the corresponding Article of the Special Part of this Code may be imposed, or the court of law may even impose a more lenient penalty than that provided for by this Article, or may not apply an additional penalty envisaged as obligatory.

2. Both particular mitigating circumstances and the totality of such circumstances may be recognized as exceptional.

Article 65. Imposition of Punishment in Case of a Verdict of Leniency Passed by the Jury

1. The term or the scope of punishment for a person who is found guilty by a jury of the commission of a crime, and who deserves leniency, may not exceed two-thirds of the maximum term or scope of the strictest punishment provided for the crime perpetrator. If the corresponding Article of the Special Part of this Code provides for capital punishment or deprivation of liberty for life, then these penalties shall not be applied, while the punishment shall be imposed within the limits of the sanction provided for by the appropriate article of the Special Part of this Code.

2. abolished.

3. When imposing punishment for cumulative crimes or under cumulative sentences, the penalty, its term and scope shall be determinable according to the rules provided for by Article 69 and 70 of this Code

4. When imposing punishment on a person who is found guilty by the verdict of a jury of the commission of a crime, but who deserves leniency, any aggravating circumstances shall not be taken into account.

Article 66. Imposition of Punishment for an Unfinished Crime

1. In imposing punishment for an unfinished crime, the court of law shall take into account the circumstances by virtue of which the crime was not taken to completion.

2. The term or the scope of punishment for preparations for a crime may not exceed half the maximum term or scope of the most severe penalty prescribed by the relevant Articles of the Special Part of this Code for the finished crime.

3. The term or extent of punishment for an attempted crime may not exceed three-quarters of the maximum term or scope of the most severe penalty prescribed by the relevant Article of the Special Part of this Code for the finished crime.

4. Neither capital punishment nor deprivation of liberty for life shall be imposed for the preparations for a crime or for an attempted crime.

Article 67. Imposition of Punishment for a Criminal Conspiracy

1. In imposing punishment for a criminal conspiracy, the court of law shall take into consideration the nature and the degree of the actual participation of the person in its perpetration, and also the importance of this participation for the achievement of the purpose of the crime, and its influence on the nature and on the amount of inflicted or possible damage.

2. Mitigating or aggravating circumstances relating to the personality of one of the accomplices shall be taken into account by the court when it imposes its penalty for this individual accomplice.

Article 68. Imposition of Punishment in Case of Recidivism of Crimes

1. When imposing punishment in a case of recidivism, dangerous recidivism or especially dangerous recidivism, account shall be taken of the nature and degree of the social danger of the crimes committed earlier, the circumstances by virtue of which corrective influence of the previous punishment has proved to be insufficient, and also the nature and degree of the social danger of the newly committed crimes.

2. The term of punishment in a case of any recidivism may not be less than one third of the maximum term of the most severe penalty prescribed for the crime committed, but within the limits of the sanction of the appropriate article of the Special Part of this Code.

3. In the event of any recidivism of crimes where a court of law establishes the mitigating circumstances provided for by Article 61 of this Code, the term of imposed punishment may be less than one third of the maximum term of the most severe penalty provided for committing the crime but within the sanction of the appropriate article of the Special Part of this Code, while in the presence of exceptional circumstances, provided for by Article 64 of this Code, a more lenient punishment than the one stipulated for a given crime may be imposed.

Article 69. Imposition of Punishment for Cumulative Crimes

1. In case of cumulative crimes, punishment shall be imposed separately for each crime committed.

2. If crimes committed cumulatively only represent offences of light or medium gravity, or constitute preparation for a grave or especially grave offence, or an attempt on making a grave or especially grave crime, then final punishment shall be imposed by the incorporation of the less severe penalty with a more severe one, or by partial or full adding-up of imposed penalties. In this case, the final punishment may not exceed by more than half the maximum term or scope of punishment prescribed for the gravest of the crimes committed.

3. Where at least one of the crimes committed cumulatively is a grave or especially grave crime, then the final penalty shall be imposed by the partial or full adding-up of penalties. In this case, the final punishment in the form of deprivation of liberty may not exceed by more than half the maximum term of punishment in the form of deprivation of liberty provided for the gravest of the committed crimes.

4. Additional penalties may be joined to the basic penalties in case of cumulative crimes. In case of partial or full addition of penalties, final additional punishment may not exceed the maximum term or scope prescribed for this type of punishment by the General Part of this Code.

5. Punishment shall be imposed under the same rules if after the court delivers its judgement in case it is established that the convicted person is guilty of yet another crime committed by him/her before adjudication in the first case. In this instance, the punishment served under the first judgement of the court shall be included in the final punishment.

Article 70. Imposition of Punishment with Cumulative Sentences

1. In imposing punishment with cumulative sentences, the court of law shall add, in part or in full, the unserved part of the penalty under the court's previous sentence to the penalty imposed by the court's latest judgement.

2. The final punishment with cumulative sentences, if it is still less than deprivation of liberty, may not exceed the maximum term or scope stipulated by the General Part of this Code for the given penalty.

3. The final punishment with cumulative sentences in the form of deprivation of liberty may not exceed 30 years.

4. The final punishment by cumulative sentences must be greater than either the punishment imposed for the new crime, or the unserved part of the punishment under the previous court's judgement alone.

5. In case of the imposition of punishment with cumulative sentences, additional penalties may be added under the rules envisaged by the fourth part of Article 69 of this Code.

Article 71. Procedure for the Determination of Terms of Punishment in Case of the Addition of Penalties

1. In case of partial or full addition of penalties for cumulative crimes and sentences, the following measures shall correspond to one day of deprivation of liberty:

Federal Law No. 420-FZ of December 7, 2011 reworded Item a of part 1 of Article 71 of this Code

a) one day of compulsory labour, arrest or service in a disciplinary military unit;

b) two days of restraint of liberty;

c) three days of corrective labour or restriction of military service;

d) eight hours of compulsory works.

2. A fine or deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities, deprivation of a special or military rank, or of an honorary title, class rank, or government decoration, when they are added to restraint of liberty, arrest, service in a disciplinary military unit, or deprivation of liberty, shall be executed independently.

Article 72. Calculation of the Terms of Punishment and Set-off of Punishment

1. Terms of the deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities, of corrective labour, restriction in military service, restraint of liberty, compulsory labour, arrest, service in a disciplinary military unit, and deprivation of liberty shall be counted in months and years, while compulsory works - in hours.

2. Terms of punishment may be counted in days in case of replacement of a penalty or the addition of penalties envisaged by the first part of this Article, and also in case of a set-off of punishment. With this, subject to the provision of Part One of Article 71 of this Code, 240 hours of obligatory labour correspond to one month of deprivation of liberty or compulsory labour, two months of restraint of liberty, three months of corrective labour or restraint of military service.

3. The time of custody pending trial shall be counted in terms of deprivation of liberty, compulsory labour, service in a disciplinary military unit, or arrest, at the rate of one day for one day, of restraint of liberty at the rate of one day for two days, of corrective labour and restriction of military service at the rate of one day for three days, and the time of compulsory works at the rate of one day of custody for eight hours of compulsory works.

Federal Law No. 420-FZ of December 7, 2011 supplemented Article 73 of this Code with part 3.¹

3.¹. In the event of imposing punishment in the form of service in a disciplinary military unit conditionally, the probation period shall be fixed within the limits of the remaining term of military service as of the date when the sentence is pronounced.

4. The time of custody pending entry of the court's judgement into force, and the time of serving deprivation of liberty, imposed by the court for crime committed outside the confines of the Russian Federation, shall be counted at the rate of one day per day in case of the surrender of the person under Article 13 of this Code.

5. In imposing a fine or deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or engage in specified activities on a convicted person kept in custody pending trial, as a basic penalty the court of law shall mitigate punishment or fully free him from serving this punishment.

Article 73. Conditional Sentence

Federal Law No. 14-FZ of February 29, 2012 amended part 1 of Article 73 of this Code

1. If by imposing corrective labour, restriction in military service, service in a disciplinary military unit, or deprivation of liberty for a term of up to eight years, a court of law arrives at the conclusion that it is possible to rehabilitate the convicted person without his actually serving punishment, then the court shall decree that the imposed penalty be suspended. Conditional sentences shall not be given to the persons convicted for offences against sexual integrity of minors under fourteen years old.

2. In imposing a conditional sentence the court of law shall take account of the nature and degree of the social danger of the crime committed, of the personality of the guilty person, and of mitigating and aggravating circumstances.

The probation terms that have not expired as on the date of the entry into force of Federal Law No. 33-FZ of March 29, 2010 shall be calculated according to the procedure established by Article 73 of this Code (in the wording of the said Federal Law)

3. In imposing a conditional sentence, the court shall fix a probationary period during which the person convicted conditionally should prove his rehabilitation by his behavior. If deprivation of liberty is imposed for a term of up to one year, or if a more lenient penalty is imposed, then the probationary period shall be no less than six months and no more than three years, and if deprivation of liberty is imposed for a term of over one year, then the probationary period shall be no less than six months and no more than five years. The probation term shall be calculated from the moment of the entry of the sentence into legal force. The probation term shall include the time which has passed since the day of proclamation of the sentence.

4. In conditional sentencing, additional penalties may be inflicted.

5. In imposing a suspended sentence, a court of law may place definite duties on a conditionally convicted person: not to change his/her permanent place of residence, work or study without notifying the specialized state body exercising control over the behavior of the conditionally convicted person, not to attend certain places, to undergo a course of treatment for alcoholism, drug addiction, toxicology or venereal disease, to work (to find employment) or to go on studying at a general education establishment. A court of law may also place other duties on a conditionally convicted person, which are conducive to his/her reformation.

6. Control over the behaviour of a conditionally convicted person shall be exercised by the specialized state body authorized therefor, and control over the behaviour of servicemen shall be exercised by the commanders of military units and establishments.

7. During the probationary period, the court may revoke in full or in part the duties established for the conditionally convicted person, and supplement the duties fixed earlier, on the proposal of the body exercising control over the behaviour of the conditionally convicted person.

Note. For the purposes of this article, as well as of Articles 79, 80, 82 and 97 of this Code, as offences made against sexual integrity of minors under fourteen years old shall be deemed the offences provided for by Articles 131-135, 240, 241, 242.¹ and 242.² of this Code made in respect of minors under fourteen years old.

Article 74. Reversal of a Conditional Sentence or Prolongation of the Probationary Period

1. If before the expiry of the probationary period the conditionally convicted person proves his reformation, the court may decree the reversal of the conditional sentence and strike the conviction off the convict's criminal record upon the proposal of the body exercising control over the behaviour of the conditionally convicted person. In this case, the conditional sentence may be reversed upon the expiry of no less than half of the fixed probationary period.

2. If the conditionally convicted person has evaded the duties placed on him by the court, or has breached public order, for which he/she has been brought to administrative responsibility, then the court of law may extend the probationary period - but for not more than one year - upon the proposal of the body referred to in the first part of this Article.

3. If during the probationary period a conditionally convicted person systematically breaks the public peace and has been brought to administrative responsibility for it, or systematically fails to discharge the duties placed on him/her by court or if a conditionally convicted person has hidden himself/herself from control measures, a court of law may, upon the proposal of the body referred to in Part One of this Article, decide on the reversal of the conditional sentence and execution of the punishment imposed by the court.

4. If the conditionally convicted person commits a crime by negligence or a willful crime of light or average gravity during the probationary period, the question of reversal or the preservation of the conditional sentence shall be decided by a court of law.

5. If the conditionally convicted person commits an intended grave or especially grave crime during the probationary period, then the court shall reverse the conditional sentence and impose punishment on him under the rules provided for by Article 70 of this Code. In cases stipulated by the fourth part of this Article, punishment shall be imposed under the same rules.

6. The rules established by Parts four and five of this Article shall also be applicable if the crimes mentioned in these Parts are committed prior to the entry into legal force of a sentence stipulating conditional conviction. In this case, judicial consideration with respect to a new crime may take place only after the entry into legal force of a sentence stipulating conditional conviction.

Section IV. Release from Criminal Liability and Punishment
Chapter 11. Release from Criminal Liability

Article 75. Release from Criminal Liability in Connection with Active Repentance

1. A person who has committed a crime of light or medium gravity for the first time may be released from criminal liability, if after the perpetration of the offence he has given himself up, assisted in the exposure and investigation of a crime, compensated for the damage inflicted, or in any other way effected restitution for the damage caused as a result of the crime, which has ceased to be socially dangerous as a result of active repentance.

2. If the conditions stipulated by the first part of this Article are present, a person who has committed a crime of another category shall be released from criminal liability only in cases specially provided for by the corresponding Articles of the Special Part of this Code.

Article 76. Release from Criminal Liability in Connection with Reconciliation with the Victim

A person who has committed a crime of light or medium gravity for the first time may be released from criminal liability if he has reconciled with the victim and restituted any damage inflicted on the victim.

Federal Law No. 420-FZ of December 7, 2011 supplemented this Code with Article 76.¹

Article 76.¹. Relief from Criminal Responsibility, as Regards Cases on Economic Offences

1. A person who has made the offence provided for by Articles 198 - 199.¹ of this Code for the first time shall be relieved from criminal responsibility, if the damage caused to the budget system of the Russian Federation as a result of the offence is fully repaired.

2. A person who has made the offence provided for by part 1 of Article 171, part 1 of Article 171.¹, part 1 of Article 172, part 2 of Article 176, Article 177, part 1 and 2 of Article 180, part 3 and 4 of Article 184, part 1 of Article 185, Article 185.¹, part 1 of Article 185.², Article 185.³, part 1 of Article 185.⁴, Article 193, part 1 of Article 194, Articles 195 - 197 and 199.² of this Code shall be relieved from criminal responsibility, if he/she has repaired the damage caused to a citizen, organisation or the State as a result of making the offence and has remitted to the federal budget the pecuniary compensation, which is five times as much as the amount of the caused damage, or has remitted to the federal budget the income derived as a result of making the crime and the pecuniary compensation which is five times as much the amount of the income derived as a result of making the crime.

Article 77. Abolished

Article 78. Release from Criminal Liability in Connection with the Expiration of Statutes of Limitation

1. A person shall be released from criminal liability if the following time-limits have expired since the day of commission of a crime:

a) two years after the commission of a crime of light gravity;

b) six years after the commission of a crime of average gravity

c) ten years after the commission of a grave crime;

d) fifteen years after the commission of an especially grave crime.

2. The limitation period shall be counted from the day of committing a crime to the time of the entry of a court's judgement into legal force. If a person commits a new crime, then the limitation period for each crime shall be counted independently.

3. The running of a limitation period shall be stopped if the person who has committed the crime evades the investigation or court trial. In this case, the running of the limitation period shall be resumed upon the time of detaining said person or his acknowledgement of guilt.

4. The question of the application of the limitation period to a person who has committed a crime punishable with the death penalty or deprivation of liberty for life shall be settled by a court of law. If the court does not deem it possible to release said person from criminal liability in connection with the expiry of the limitation period, then the death penalty or deprivation of liberty for life shall not be applied.

5. The periods of limitation shall not be applied to persons who have committed crimes against the peace and security of humankind, as provided for by Articles 353, 356, 10000[sic]357, and 358 of this Code.

Chapter 12. Release from Punishment

Article 79. Conditional Early Release from Punishment

1. A person who has served in a disciplinary military unit, or has served compulsory labour, or been deprived of liberty shall be subject to conditional release ahead of time if the court finds out that for his rehabilitation he does not need to serve the full punishment imposed by the court. In this case the person may be fully or partially released from the remaning term of punishment.

2. In granting conditional early release, the court may place on the convicted person the duties provided for by the fifth part of Article 73 of this Code, which duties shall be carried out by him during the remaining term of punishment.

3. Conditional early release may be applied only after the actual serving by the convicted person:

a) of not less than one third of the term of punishment imposed for a crime of light or average gravity;

b) of not less than half of the term of punishment imposed for grave crime;

c) of not less than two thirds of the term of punishment imposed for an especially grave crime, and also of three-quarters of the term of punishment imposed on a person who was released conditionally and early if the conditional early release was reversed on the grounds, provided for by the seventh part of this Article.

Federal Law No. 18-FZ of March 1, 2012 amended Item d of part 3 of Article 79 of this Code

d) at least three quarters of the term of punishment imposed for crimes against the sexual integrity of minors, and also for grave and especially grave crimes connected with illegal traffic of narcotic agents, psychotropic substances and their precursors, as well as for the crimes provided for by Articles 205, 205.¹, 205.² and 210 of this Code.

e) of at least four fifth of the term of punishment imposed for offences against sexual integrity of minors under fourteen years old.

4. The term of deprivation of liberty actually served by the convicted person may not be less than six months.

4.¹. When considering a petition for conditional early release from serving punishment filed by a person convicted for an offence against sexual integrity of minors under fourteen years old, a court shall take into account the results of a forensic psychiatric expert examination in respect of such convicted person.

5. A person who is deprived of liberty for life may be released conditionally and early if the court finds that he does not need to serve this punishment subsequently and if he has actually served not less than 25 years of his sentence. Conditional release ahead of time from further being deprived of liberty for life shall only apply where there are no malicious breaches of the established procedure for serving the punishment within the previous three years. Conditional release ahead of time shall not apply to a person who has committed, while serving deprivation of liberty for life, a new grave or especially grave crime.

6. Control over the behaviour of the person released conditionally and early shall be exercised by the specialized state body authorized therefor, while control over the behaviour of servicemen shall be exercised by the commanders of military units and establishments.

7. If during the remaining term of punishment:

a) the convicted person has breached public order, for which an administrative penalty was imposed on him, or has maliciously evaded the execution of the duties placed on him by a court of law in granting conditional early release, as well as the compulsory measures of medical nature imposed by a court, then the court, on the proposal of the bodies referred to in the sixth part of this Article, may decree the reversal of the conditional early release and the reimposition of the remaining term of punishment;

b) the convicted person has committed a crime by negligence or a willful crime of light or average gravity, then the question of reversal or the preservation of conditional early release shall be resolved by a court of law;

c) the convicted person has committed a grave or especially grave crime, then the court shall impose punishment on him/her under the rules stipulated by Article 70 of this Code. In case of the commission of a crime by negligence or of a willful crime of light or average gravity, punishment shall be imposed under the same rules, if a court of law reverses the conditional early release.

Article 80. The Replacement of the Unserved Term of Punishment with a Milder Penalty

1. With due account for the behaviour of a person who has been in custody in a disciplinary military unit, or has served compulsory labour, or been deprived of liberty, the court of law may replace the remaining term of punishment with a milder penalty. In this case, the person may be fully or partially released from serving the additional penalty.

2. The non-served part of the punishment may be replaced with a milder kind of punishment after the person sentenced to the deprivation of freedom has served for committing:

- a crime of minor or medium gravity - no less than one third of the term of punishment; -a grave crime - no less than half of the term of punishment;

- an especially grave crime - no less than two thirds of the term of punishment;

- crimes against the sexual integrity of minors, as well as crimes provided for by Article 210 of this Code - at least three quarters of the term of punishment.

offences against sexual integrity of minors under fourteen years old - no less than four fifths of the term of punishment.

3. In case of the replacement of the remaning term of punishment, the court may choose a milder penalty in keeping with the penalties referred to in Article 44 of this Code, within the limits prescribed by this Code for each penalty.

4. When considering a petition or proposal as to the replacement of a non-served part of punishment of a person convicted for an offence against sexual integrity of minors under fourteen years old by a more lenient one, a court shall take into account the results of a forensic psychiatric expert examination in respect of such convicted person.

Article 80.^1. Release from Punishment Due to a Change of Situation

A person who has committed a crime of little or medium gravity shall be released by a court of law from serving punishment if it is established that this person or the crime committed by him has ceased to be socially dangerous due to a change of the situation.

Article 81. Release from Punishment Due to Illness

1. A person with mental derangement, after the commission of a crime, which derangement deprives him of the possibility of realizing the actual nature and social danger of his actions (inaction), or of controlling them, shall be released from punishment; while a person who is serving punishment in such a state shall be released from further serving his sentence.

2. A person who has, after the commission of a crime, fallen ill with another serious disease preventing the serving of the sentence, may be exempted by the court from serving the sentence.

3. Servicemen who are under arrest or who are serving in a disciplinary military unit shall be released from the further serving of punishment due to illness that renders them unfit for military service. The remaining term of punishment may be replaced with a milder penalty.

4. Persons referred to in the first and second parts of this Article may be brought to criminal liability and punishment in case of their recovery, unless the periods of limitation have expired, as provided for by Article 78 and 83 of this Code.

Article 82. Deferral of Serving a Punishment

1. A convicted pregnant woman, a woman having a child at an age under fourteen, a man having a child under fourteen who is the only parent, except for those convicted to restriction of liberty, deprivation of freedom for offences against sexual integrity of minors under fourteen years old, to deprivation of freedom for a period of over five years for grave and especially grave crimes against the person, the court postpone the real serving of the punishment until the child reaches the age of fourteen.

2. In the event that a convict mentioned in Part 1 of this Article has repudiated the child or continues to evade the obligations of bringing up the child after a warning given by the body exercising control over the behaviour of the convict in whose respect the serving of the punishment has been postponed, the court may, on the proposal of that body, recall the deferral of serving the punishment and send the convict for serving the punishment to the place assigned in accordance with the sentence of the court.

3. When the child reaches the age of fourteen, the court shall relieve the convict mentioned in Part one of this Article from serving the punishment or the remaining part of the punishment with expunging of the record of conviction, or shall replace the remaining part of the punishment with a lighter type of punishment.

4. If, before the child reaches the age of fourteen, there has expired a period equal to the period of punishment whose serving was deferred and the body exercising control over the behaviour of the convict in whose respect the serving of the punishment was deferred, has come to the conclusion that the convict mentioned in Part one of this Article has been complying with the conditions of the deferral and has been reformed, then, on a proposal of that body, the court may take a decision on reducing the period of the deferral of serving the punishment and on relieving the convict from serving the punishment or of the remaining part of the punishment with expunging of the record of conviction.

5. If in the period of the deferral of the punishment the convict mentioned in Part one of this Article commits a new crime, then the court shall assign to him a punishment by the rules stipulated by Article 70 of this Code.

Federal Law No. 420-FZ of December 7, 2011 supplemented this Code with Article 82.¹ The provisions of this Code (in the wording of Federal Law No. 420-FZ of December 7, 2011), as regards deferral of punishment for convicted person suffering from drug addiction, shall apply starting from January 1, 2012

Article 82.^1. Deferral of Punishment for Drug Addicts

1. In respect of a person sentenced to derivation of liberty who is recognized to be a drug addict, who has committed for the first time the offence provided for by Part One of Article 228, part 1 of Article 231 u Article 233 of this Code and who has expressed his/her wish on a voluntary basis to be cured of drug addiction, as well as to pass the medical-social rehabilitation, a court may defer serving punishment in the from of deprivation of liberty pending the end of treatment and medical-social rehabilitation but at most for five years.

2. If the convict recognised as a drug addict for whom serving of punishment has been deferred refuses to be cured of drug addiction, as well as to pass the medical-social rehabilitation, or evades treatment after having been warned by the body exercising control over the convict's behavior, a court on the proposal of this body shall reverse the deferral of punishment and shall forward the convict for serving the punishment at the place designated in compliance with the court sentence.

3. After being cured of drug addiction and after passing the medical-social rehabilitation, as well as if there is remission proved in an unbiased manner whose duration after the end of treatment and the medical-social rehabilitation constitutes at least two years, a court shall relive the convict declared to be a drug addict from serving punishment or the remaining part of punishment.

4. In the event of establishing by a court that a person declared to be a drug addict whose punishment is deferred has made an offence which is not cited in Part One of this article, the court on the proposal of the body exercising control over the convict's behavior shall reverse the deferral of punishment, impose punishment according to the rules provided for by Part Five of Article 69 of this Code and shall forward the convict for serving punishment to the place designated in compliance with the court sentence.

5. If within the period of the deferral of punishment the convict declared to be a drug addict made a new offence, a court shall reverse the deferral of punishment, shall impose on him/her punishment according to the rules provided for by Article 70 of this Code and shall forward the convict to the place designated in compliance with the court sentence.

Article 83. Release from Punishment in Connection with the Expiry of the Limitation Period of the Court's Sentence

1. A person convicted for the commission of a crime shall be released from punishment unless the court's sentence has been enforced within the following periods since the time of its entry into legal force:

a) two years, in case of conviction for a crime of little gravity;

b) six years, in case of conviction for a crime of average gravity;

c) 10 years, in case of conviction for a grave crime;

d) 15 years, in case of conviction for an especially grave crime.

2. The running of the limitation period shall be suspended if the convicted person evades serving punishment. In this case, the running of the limitation period shall be resumed from the time of detention of the convicted person or the acknowledgement of his guilt. The periods of limitation that have expired by the time of evasion by the convicted persons of the serving of their punishment shall be subject to set-off.

3. The question of the application of the limitation periods to a person sentenced to capital punishment or deprivation of liberty for life shall be settled by a court of law. If the court fails to deem it possible to apply the limitation periods, then these penalties shall be replaced with deprivation of liberty for a fixed term.

4. Limitation periods shall not be applicable to persons convicted for the commission of crimes against the peace and the security of mankind, as provided for by Articles 353, 2[sic]56, 10000[sic]357, and 358 of this Code.

Chapter 13. Amnesty. Pardon. Criminal Record

Article 84. Amnesty

1. An amnesty may be declared by the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation with regard to a broad class of persons.

2. Persons who have committed crimes may be relieved from criminal liability by an act of amnesty. Persons convicted for the commission of crimes may be released from punishment, or the punishment imposed on them may be reduced or replaced with a milder penalty, or such persons may be released from additional penalties. The criminal records may be struck from persons who have served punishment through an act of amnesty.

Article 85. Pardon

1. Pardon may be granted by the President of the Russian Federation in respect of a specific person.

See Article 89 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation

2. A person who has been convicted for a crime may be released from further serving his sentence, or the inflicted punishment may be reduced or replaced with a milder penalty by an act of pardon. The criminal record may be struck from a person who has served punishment through an act of pardon.

Article 86. Criminal Record

1. A person sentenced for a committed crime shall be deemed to be convicted from the day of the entry of the court's sentence into legal force, until such time as the conviction is quashed or struck from his criminal record. A previous conviction in compliance with this Code shall be taken into account in the event of repetition of crime or when inflicting punishment and shall entail other legal effects in the instances and in the procedure which are established by federal laws.

2. A person released from punishment shall be deemed to be non-convicted.

3. Criminal records shall be expunged in respect of the following persons:

a) persons convicted conditionally - upon the expiry of the period of probation;

b) persons sentenced to penalties milder than deprivation of liberty - upon the expiry of one year after punishment was completed or executed;

c) persons sentenced to deprivation of liberty for crimes of light or average gravity - upon the expiry of three years after punishment was completed;

d) persons sentenced to deprivation of liberty for grave crimes - upon the expiry of six years after punishment was completed;

e) persons sentenced for especially grave crimes - upon the expiry of eight years after punishment was completed.

4. If a convicted person has been released from punishment short of term, in the statutory procedure, or if the remaining part of punishment has been replaced with a milder penalty, then the period for cancellation of the criminal record shall be counted on the basis of the actually served period of punishment from the time of release from serving the basic and additional penalties.

5. If after the punishment has been completed the convicted person behaved faultlessly, the court of law may, upon his motion, remove his criminal record before the expiry of the normal term for annulling the record of conviction.

6. The annulling or removing of a criminal record shall annul all the legal consequences related to the record of conviction.

Section V. The Criminal Liability of Juveniles

On the court decisions concerning application of legislation, regulating the specifics in criminal responsibility and in the punishment of the underaged, see Decision of the Plenary Session of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation No. 1 of February 1, 2011

Chapter 14. Specifics of the Criminal Liability and Punishment of Juveniles

Article 87. The Criminal Liability of Juveniles

1. Juveniles shall be recognized to mean persons who have reached the age of between 14 and 18 years by the time of the commission of a crime.

2. Either punishment or coercive measures of educational influence may be applied to juveniles who have committed crimes, and after their release from punishment by a court of law they may be likewise placed into a special closed-type educational institution of the body in charge of education.

Article 88. Penalties Inflicted on Juveniles

1. The penalties inflicted on juveniles are as follows:

a) fines;

b) deprivation of the right to engage in specified activities;

c) compulsory works;

d) corrective labour;

e) restriction of liberty;

f) deprivation of liberty for a fixed term.

2. A fine shall be imposed if the convicted juvenile has his own earnings or property on which recovery may be levied, as well as in the absence of such. A fine imposed upon a convicted juvenile may be recovered by decision of a court of law from his parents or other legal representatives thereof with their consent. A fine shall be imposed in the amount from one thousand to 50 thousand roubles or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted minor, for a period of from two weeks to six months.

3. Compulsory works shall be inflicted for a term of from 40 to 160 hours, and shall consist of the performance of works within the powers of the minor, and shall be executed by him during the time free from his studies or job. The length of the execution of this penalty for persons aged below 15 years may not exceed two hours a day, and for persons aged between 15 and 16 years may not exceed three hours a day.

4. Corrective labour shall be inflicted on a minor sentenced for a term of up to one year.

5. Restriction of liberty shall be imposed upon minor convicts in the form of the basic punishment for a term from two months to two years.

6. Deprivation of liberty shall be ruled to minor convicts who have committed crimes at the age of less than sixteen years old for a term of no longer than six years. Minors of the same category who have committed especially grave crimes, as well as other minor convicts, shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of ten years at the most and shall serve the term in educational colonies. Punishment in the form of deprivation of liberty may not be inflicted upon a minor convict who has committed at the age of less than sixteen years old a crime of little or medium gravity for the first time, nor upon other minor convicts who have committed crimes of little gravity for the first time.

6.^1. When inflicting upon a minor convict a punishment in the form of deprivation of liberty for committing a grave or especially grave crime, the lowest limit of punishment provided for by the appropriate article of the Special Part of this Code, shall be reduced by half.

6.^2. Where a minor convict who has been conditionally convicted commits within a probation period a new crime which is not an especially grave one, a court of law, subject to the facts of the case and the convict's personality, may repeatedly pass a decision on the conditional conviction thereof establishing a new probation period for him and placing on the conditionally convicted person the discharge of certain duties provided for by Part Five of Article 73 of this Code.

7. The court may issue an instruction to the body executing punishment concerning certain distinctive features of the convicted juvenile.

Article 89. Imposition of Punishment on a Juvenile

1. In imposing punishment on a juvenile, the court of law shall take into consideration, apart from the circumstances stipulated by Article 60 of this Code, the conditions of his life and education, the level of his mental development, and other distinctive features of the person, and also the influence of older people on him.

2. As a mitigating circumstance, the juvenile's age shall be taken account of in totality with other mitigating or aggravating circumstances.

Article 90. The Application of Compulsory Measures of Educational Influence

1. A juvenile who has committed a crime of light or average gravity may be relieved from criminal liability if it is found that his reformation can be achieved by applying compulsory measures of educational influence.

2. The following compulsory measures of educational influence may be imposed on a juvenile:

b) transfer to the surveillance of parents or persons acting in loco parentis, or a specialized state agency;

c) the duty of redressing the damage caused;

d) restriction of leisure and establishment of special requirements for the behaviour of the minor.

3. Several compulsory measures of educational influence may be imposed upon a juvenile simultaneously. The length of the period for applying the compulsory measures of educational influence provided for by Items "b" and "d" of Part Two of this Article shall be established within the limits of from one month to two years for a committed crime of little gravity and from six months to three years for a committed crime of medium gravity.

4. In case of the systematic non-execution by a juvenile of a compulsory measure of educational influence, this measure shall be revoked on the proposal of a specialized state body, and the requisite materials shall be sent for bringing the juvenile to criminal liability.

Article 91. The Content of Compulsory Measures of Educational Influence

1. A warning consists of the explanation to a juvenile of the harm inflicted by his action, and of the consequences of the repeated commission of offences, as provided for by this Code.

2. The transfer to surveillance consists of the placement of the duty of educating a minor and of control over his behaviour on the parents or persons acting in loco parentis, or on a specialized state body;

3. The duty of redressing damage caused shall be imposed with account for the minor's property status and appropriate labour skills.

4. The restriction of leisure and the establishment of special requirements for the minor's behaviour may provide for a ban on visits to certain places, on the use of some forms of leisure, including those relating to the driving of an automobile, on the limitation of staying outside his home after a certain hour of the day, or the departure for other localities without the permission of a specialized state body. A minor may be required to return to his educational establishment or to find employment with the aid of a specialized state body. This list of measures is not exhaustive.

Article 92. Release of a Minor from Punishment

1. A minor convicted for the commission of a crime of light or average gravity may be released by a court of law from punishment or the use compulsory measures of educational influence, as stipulated by the second part of Article 90 of this Code.

2. A minor sentenced to confinement for the commission of a crime of average gravity, or a grave crime, may be released by a court of law from punishment and placed in a special closed-type teaching and educational institution of the education governing body. Placing a minor in a special closed-type teaching and educational institution shall be applicable as a compulsory pedagogical measure for the purpose of correcting minors in need of special conditions of upbringing and training and of a special pedagogical approach. A minor may be placed in said institution before his attaining eighteen years old but for three years at the most.

3. A minor's stay in a special closed-type teaching and educational institution shall be terminated earlier than the judicially established term where it is recognized by the court that there is no need to use this measure in respect of the minor any longer or if he/she have turned out to have an illness preventing his/her keeping and training at the cited establishment.

4. A court is entitled to restore the time period of a minor's stay at a special educational closed-type establishment missed as a result of his/her avoidance of stay at the cited establishment, as well as to extend the time period of a minor's stay at a special educational closed-type establishment upon the expiry of the time period fixed by a court, if it is recognized by the court that the minor is in need of further application of this sanction. With this, the total time period of a minor's stay at the cited establishment may not exceed three years. Where it is necessary for a minor to master appropriate educational programmes or to complete vocational training, the time period for his/her stay at a special educational closed-type establishment shall be extended solely on the basis of the minor's application.

5. Minors who have committed crimes provided for by Parts One and Two of Article 111, Part Two of Article 117, Part Three of Article 122, Article 126, Part Three of Article 127, Part Two of Article 131, Part Two of Article 132, Part Four of Article 158, Part Two of Article 161, Parts One and Two of Article 162, Part Two of Article 163, Part One of Article 205, Part One of Article 205.¹, Part One of Article 206, Article 208, Part Two of Article 210, Part One of Article 211, Parts Two and Three of Article 223, Parts One and Two of Article 226, Part One of Article 228.¹, Parts One and Two of Article 229 of this Code, shall not be releasable from punishment in the procedure provided for by Part Two of this Article.

Article 93. Conventional Pre-Schedule Relief from Serving Punishment

Conventional pre-schedule relief from serving punishment may be applied to the persons who committed a crime when underaged and who were sentenced to deprivation of freedom after they have actually served the term:

a) not less than one third of the term of punishment imposed by the court of law for a crime of light or average gravity, or for a grave crime;

b) abolished

c) not less than two-thirds of the term of punishment imposed for an especially grave crime.

Article 94. Limitation Periods

The limitation periods stipulated by Article 78 and 83 of this Code shall be reduced by half in case of release of minors from criminal liability or punishment.

Article 95. Terms for Cancellation of a Criminal Record

For persons who had committed crimes before reaching the age of eighteen years the terms for cancellation of a criminal record stipulated by Part three of Article 86 of this Code shall be shortened and shall respectively be equal to:

a) six months after having served or executed a punishment milder than deprivation of freedom;

b) one year after having served deprivation of freedom for a crime of small or average gravity;

c) three years after having served deprivation of freedom for a grave or gravest crime.

Article 96. The Application of the Provisions of This Chapter to Persons from 18 to 20 Years of Age

In exceptional cases, with account of the nature of the committed deed and the person, a court of law may apply the provisions of this Chapter to persons who have committed crimes at the age of 18 to 20 years, except for their placement in a closed-type teaching and educational institution of the education governing body, or an educational colony.

Section VI. Other Measures of a Criminal-Law Nature
Chapter 15. Compulsory Measures of a Medical Nature

Article 97. Grounds for the Application of Compulsory Measures of a Medical Nature

1. Compulsory measures of a medical nature may be imposed by a court of law on the following persons:

a) those who have committed deeds stipulated by the Articles of the Special Part of this Code, while in a state of insanity;

b) those who, after the commission of a crime have become mentally deranged, which makes it impossible to impose or execute punishment;

Federal Law No. 14-FZ of February 29, 2012 amended Item c of part 1 of Article 97 of this Code

The amendments do not concern the English version

c) those who have committed a crime and who suffer from mental derangement that does not incapacitate them mentally;

d) abolished

e) those who have made at the age of eighteen plus an offence against sexual integrity of minors under fourteen years old and who suffer from sexual preference disorder (pedophilia) that does not qualify as insanity.

2. Compulsory measures of a medical nature shall be imposed on persons referred to in the first part of this Article only in cases where their mental derangement threatens the possible infliction on these persons of further damage, or danger to themselves or other persons.

3. Procedures for the implementation of compulsory measures of a medical nature shall be determined by the criminal and executive laws of the Russian Federation, and by other federal laws.

4. In respect of the persons referred to in the first part of this Article who do not present a danger due to their mental state, the court may transfer the requisite materials to the public health bodies for the settlement of the question of medical treatment of these persons, or of sending them to mental and neurological institutions of social security in the procedure prescribed by the laws of the Russian Federation on public health.

Article 98. The Purposes of the Application of Compulsory Measures of a Medical Nature

The purposes of the application of compulsory measures of a medical nature include the medical treatment of persons referred to in the first part of Article 97 of this Code, or the improvement of their mental state, and also the prevention of the commission by them of new crimes, as stipulated by the Articles of the Special Part of this Code.

Article 99. Compulsory Medical Measures

1. A court of law may impose the following compulsory medical measures:

a) compulsory out-patient observation and treatment by a psychiatrist;

b) compulsory treatment in a specialized mental hospital;

c) compulsory treatment in a specialized mental hospital with intensive observation.

d) compulsory treatment in a psychiatric hospital of specialized type with intensive observation.

Federal Law No. 14-FZ of February 29, 2012 amended part 2 of Article 99 of this Code

2. Persons who are convicted for crimes committed in a state of sanity but who are in need of medical treatment for mental disorders that do not quality as insanity, in particular the persons cited in Item (e) of Part One of Article 97 of this Code, may be imposed by a court of law, in addition to punishment with compulsory medical measures in the form of compulsory outpatient observation and treatment by a psychiatrist.

Article 100. Compulsory Out-patient Observance and Treatment by a Psychiatrist

Compulsory out-patient observation and treatment by a psychiatrist may be imposed in the presence of the grounds envisaged by Article 97 of this Code, if the person, due to his mental state, is not in need of treatment in a mental hospital.

Article 101. Compulsory Treatment in a Mental Hospital

1. Compulsory treatment in a mental hospital may be imposed in the presence of the grounds envisaged by Article 97 of this Code, if the nature of mental derangement of a person calls for such conditions of treatment, care, custody, and observation which can be realized in a mental hospital.

2. Compulsory treatment in a mental hospital of a general type may be imposed on a person who, due to his mental state, is in need of treatment and observation in a hospital but who is not in need of intensive observation.

3. Compulsory treatment in a specialized mental hospital may be imposed on a person who due, to his mental state, requires permanent observation.

4. Compulsory treatment in a specialized mental hospital with intensive observation may be imposed on a person who, due to his mental state, represents a special danger to himself or to other persons, and who requires permanent and intensive observation.

Article 102. The Prolongation, Change, or Termination of the Use of Compulsory Medical Measures

Federal Law No. 14-FZ of February 29, 2012 amended part 1 of Article 102 of this Code

1. The use of compulsory medical measures may be prolonged, changed, or terminated by a court of law upon the proposal of the management of the institution which carries out obligatory treatment or of the penal inspectorate exercising control over taking compulsory measures of medical nature on the basis of the opinion of a committee of psychiatrists.

Federal Law No. 14-FZ of February 29, 2012 reworded part 2 of Article 102 of this Code

2. A person who undergoes compulsory medical measures shall be subject to examination by a committee of psychiatrists at least once every six months to resolve the question of whether there are grounds for the submission of a proposal to the court concerning termination of the use or a change in such measures. The cited person shall examine on the initiative of the attending physician, if the latter came to the conclusion in the course of treatment that it was necessary to change the compulsory medical measures or to stop taking them, as well as on the basis of a petition of such person proper, a legal representative thereof and/or a close relative. A petition shall filed through the administration of the institution engaged in compulsory treatment or through the penal inspectorate exercising control over taking compulsory medical measures, irrespective of the time when the last examination was held. In the absence of grounds for termination of the use or the change of compulsory medical measures, the management of the institution that carries out the compulsory treatment or the penal inspectorate exercising control over taking compulsory medical measures shall submit to the court its opinion on the extension of compulsory medical treatment. The first extension of compulsory medical treatment may be made after six months since the beginning of treatment; subsequently, compulsory treatment shall be extended every year.

The provisions of Part 2.¹ of Article 102 of this Code (in the wording of Federal Law No. 14-FZ of February 29, 2012) shall extend to the persons sentenced to deprivation of liberty for offences against sexual integrity of minors under fourteen years old made before the date when the said Federal Law enters into force

2.¹. Irrespective of the time of the last examination and of the adopted decision on termination of taking compulsory medical measures, a court on the basis of a petition of the administration of the institution executing punishment filed at latest six months before the expiry of the time period for execution of punishment shall order a forensic psychiatric expert examination of the person cited in Item e of Part One of Article 97 of this Code for the purpose of resolving if there is a need for taking compulsory medical measures in respect of such person within the parole period or within the period while a more lenient sentence is served, as well as after serving punishment. A court on the basis of an opinion of a forensic psychiatric expert examination may impose the compulsory medical measures provided for by Item a of Part One of Article 99 of this Code or to terminate their application.

3. A change or termination of the use of compulsory medical measures shall be effected by the court in case of such alteration of the mental state of the person as removes the need for the application of measures imposed earlier, or as necessitates the imposition of when there is a need for a different compulsory medical measure.

4. In case of termination of the use of compulsory treatment in a mental hospital, a court of law may transfer the necessary materials about the person who was treated to the bodies of public health for settlement of the question of his/her medical treatment or of sending him/her to a mental or neurological establishment of social security in the procedure prescribed by the laws of the Russian Federation on public health.

Article 103. Set-off of the Time of Application of Compulsory Medical Measures

In case of curing a person whose mental derangement commenced after the commission of a crime, and when punishment is imposed or its execution is resumed, the time during which compulsory treatment was performed in a mental hospital shall be incorporated into the term of punishment at the rate of one day of stay in the mental hospital per one day of deprivation of liberty.

Article 104. Compulsory Medical Measures Joined with the Execution of Punishment

1. In cases provided for by the second part of Article 99 of this Code, compulsory medical measures shall be implemented in the place of serving deprivation of liberty, and in respect of persons sentenced to other penalties these measures shall be implemented in institutions of public health bodies which render out-patient psychiatric aid.

2. In case of a change in the mental state of a convicted person who requires in-patient treatment, this person shall be placed in a mental hospital or any other medical establishment in the procedure and on the grounds prescribed by the laws of the Russian Federation.

3. The time of stay in said establishments shall be incorporated into the term of serving the sentence. If there is no longer a need to treat the convicted person in said establishments, he/she shall be discharged from the hospital in the procedure provided for by the laws of the Russian Federation.

4. The use of compulsory medical measures joined with the execution of punishment shall be stopped by a court of law upon the proposal of the body that executes the punishment or on the basis of the opinion of the committee of psychiatrists.

Chapter 15.¹. Confiscation of Property

The provisions of Article 104.1 of this Code concerning the confiscation of incomes from the use of property received as a result of commission of a crime are applicable to the legal relations that have come into being after January 1, 2007

Article 104.¹. Confiscation of Property

1. Confiscation of property means forced gratuitous withdrawal without compensation, and conversion to ownership of the State under a judgment of conviction of the following property:

Federal Law No. 18-FZ of March 1, 2012 amended Subitem a of part 1 of Article 104.¹ of this Code. The amendments shall enter into force on January 1, 2013

Federal Law No. 18-FZ of March 1, 2012 amended Subitem a of part 1 of Article 104.¹ of this Code

a) money, valuables and other property received as a result of the committing of the crimes set out in Part 2 of Article 105, Parts 2-4 of Article 111, Part 2 of Article 126, Articles 127.¹, 127.², Part Two of Article 141, Article 141.¹, Part Two of Article 142, Article 145.¹ (if a crime is committed venally), Articles 146, 147, Articles 153-155 (if crimes are committed venally), Articles 171.², 183, Parts 3 and 4 of Article 184, Articles 186, 187, 189, Parts 3 and 4 of Article 204, Articles 205, 205.¹, 205.², 206, 208, 209, 210, 212, 222, 227, 228.¹, 229, 231, 232, 234, 240, 241, 242, 242.¹, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 281, 282.¹, 282.², 285, 290, 295, 307-309, 355, and Part 3 of Article 359 of the present Code or which are the subject of illegal movement across the customs border of the Customs Union within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Community or across the Customs Border of the Russian Federation with member states of the Customs Union within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Community punishable under Article 226.¹ and 229.¹ of this Code, and any income from that property, except for the property and the income from it that are subject to return to their legal owner;

b) money, valuables and other property into which the property received as a result of committing of at least one of the crimes provided for by the articles cited in Item (a) of this Part, and income from such property have been fully or partially transformed;

c) money, valuables and other property used or intended for financing terrorism, an organised group, illegal armed formation or a criminal community (criminal organisation);

d) instruments, equipment or other means of commission of a crime belonging to an accused person.

2. If the property received as a result of committing a crime and/or income from such property have been pooled with legally acquired property, confiscation shall extend to the part of the property corresponding to the value of the property and incomes from it so pooled.

3. The property specified in Parts 1 and 2 of the present article transferred by an accused person to another person (organisation) shall be subject to confiscation if the person that received the property knew or should have known that it had been received as the result of criminal actions.

Article 104.². Confiscation of an Amount of Money Instead of Property

If the confiscation of a specific item incorporated in the property specified in Article 104.¹ of the present Code as of the time of adoption of a decision on the confiscation of the item by a court is not possible due to the item's being used or having been sold or otherwise, the court shall issue a decision on confiscation of the amount of money corresponding to the value of the item.

Article 104.³. Compensation for Damage Inflicted

1. While resolving the issue of confiscation of property in keeping with Articles 104.¹ and 104.² of the present Code, one shall first of all resolve the issue of compensating the harm that has been inflicted to the legal owner.

2. If the accused has no other collectable property except for that specified in Parts 1 and 2 of Article 104.¹ of the present Code, then its value shall be used to compensate for the harm inflicted to the legal owner, and the remaining portion shall be deemed the revenue of the state.

Special Part
Section VII. Crimes Against the Person
Chapter 16. Crimes Against Human Life and Health

Article 105. Murder

1. Murder is the intentional causing of death of another person

- shall be punishable with deprivation of liberty for a term of six to 15 years with restriction of liberty for a term up to two years or without such.

2. The murder:

a) of two or more persons;

b) of a person or his relatives in connection with the official activity of this person or the discharge of his public duty;

c) a minor or another person who is, knowingly for the guilty person, in a helpless state, as well as attended by abduction of a human being;

d) of a woman who is known by the killer to be in a state of pregnancy;

e) committed with heightened cruelty;

f) committed by a generally dangerous method;

f.¹) by reason of blood feud;

g) committed by a group of persons, a group of persons by previous concert, or an organised group;

h) committed out of mercenary motives by hire, or attended by robbery with violence, racketeering, or banditry;

i) committed maliciously;

j) committed with the purpose of concealing another crime or facilitating its commission, and also murder accompanied by rape or violent sexual actions;

k) committed by reason of political, ideological, racial, national or religious hatred or enmity, or by reason of hatred or enmity with respect to some social group;

l) committed for the purpose of obtaining the organs or tissues of the victim, -

m) abolished

shall be punishable with deprivation of liberty for a term of from eight to 20 years with restriction of liberty for a term from one year to two years, or by deprivation of liberty for life, or by the death penalty.

Article 106. The Killing by a Mother of Her Newborn Child

The killing by a mother of her newborn child during or immediately after childbirth, or the killing by a mother of her newborn child in a mentally traumatizing situation or in a state of mental disorder that does not quality as insanity,

- shall be punishable by restriction of liberty for a term from two to four years, or by compulsory labour for a term up to five years, or by deprivation of liberty for the same term.

Article 107. Murder Committed in a State of Temporary Insanity

1. Murder committed in a state of sudden strong mental agitation (temporary insanity), caused by violence, mockery, or gross insult on the part of the victim, or by other unlawful or amoral actions (inaction) of the victim, or by a protracted mentally traumatizing situation caused in connection with the systematic unlawful or amoral behavior of the victim -

shall be punishable by corrective labour for a term of up to two years, or by restraint of liberty for a term of up to three years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to three years, or by deprivation of liberty for the same term.

2. Murder against two or more persons committed in a state of temporary insanity -shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years or deprivation of liberty for the same term.

Article 108. Murder Committed in Excess of the Requirements of Justifiable Defence or in Excess of the Measures Needed for the Detention of a Person Who Has Committed a Crime

1. Murder committed in excess of the requirements of justifiable defence -

shall be punishable by corrective labour for a term of up to two years, or by restraint of liberty for a term of up to two years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to two years or by deprivation of liberty for the same term.

2. Murder committed in excess of the measures needed for the detention of a person who has committed a crime -

shall be punishable by restraint of liberty for a term of up to three years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to three years, or by deprivation of liberty for the same term.

Article 109. Infliction of Death by Negligence

1. Negligent murder -

shall be punishable by corrective labour for a term of up to two years, or by restraint of liberty for a term of up to two years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to two years, or by deprivation of liberty for the same term.

2. Negligent murder owing to the improper discharge by a person of his professional duties -

Shall be punishable by restraint of liberty for a term of up to three years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to three years with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in certain activities for a term of up to three years or without such, or by deprivation of liberty for the same term with or without deprivation of the right to have specified duties or to engage in specified activity for a term of up to three years.

3. The infliction of death by negligence on two or more persons -

shall be punishable by restraint of liberty for a term of up to four years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to four years, or by deprivation of liberty for the same term with or without deprivation of the right to hold specified duties or to engage in a specified activity for a term of up to three years.

Article 110. Incitement to Suicide

Incitement of a person to commit or attempt to commit suicide by means of threats, cruel treatment of a person, or systematic denigration of the human dignity of the victim -

shall be punishable by restraint of liberty for a term of up to three years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years, or by deprivation of liberty for the same term.

Article 111. Intentional Infliction of a Grave Injury

1. Intentional infliction of a grave injury, which is hazardous for human life or which has involved the loss of sight, speech, hearing, or any organ or the loss of the organ's functions, or which has expressed itself in the indelible disfiguring of a human face, and also infliction of other harm which is dangerous to human life or which has involved an injury to a person's health, joined with considerable permanent loss of general ability to work by not less then one third or by the full loss of an occupational capacity for work, which capacacity was evident to the guilty person, or which has involved the interruption of pregnancy, mental derangement, or the victim's falling ill to drug addiction or toxicosis, -

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to eight years.

2. The same acts committed:

a) in respect of a person or his relatives in connection with his official activity or the discharge of his public duty;

b) with respect to a minor or another person who is, knowingly for the guilty person, in a helpless state, as well as with special cruelty, torture or torments for the victim;

c) by a generally hazardous method;

d) by hire;

e) out of malicious motives;

f) by reason of political, ideological, racial, national or religious hatred or enmity, or by reason of hatred or enmity with respect to some social group;

g) for the purpose of using the organs or tissues of the victim,

shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to 10 years with restriction of liberty for a term up to two years or without such.

3. Acts provided for by the first or second parts of this Article, if they are committed:

a) by a group of persons, a group of persons by previous concert, or an organised group;

b) against two or more persons, -

c) abolished

shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to 12 years with restriction of liberty for a term up to two years or without such.

4. Acts stipulated in the first, second, or third part of this Article, which have involved the death of the victim by negligence,

shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to 15 years with restriction of liberty for a term up to two years or without such.

Article 112. Intentional Infliction of Injury to Health of Average Gravity

1. Intentional infliction of injury of average gravity, which is not hazardous to human life and which has not involved consequences referred to in Article 111 of this Code, but which has caused protracted injury to health or considerable stable loss of general capacity for work by not less than one-third,

shall be punishable by restriction of liberty for a term up to three years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to three years, or by an arrest for a term up to six months or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to three years.

2. The same act committed:

a) against two or more persons;

b) against a person or his relatives in connection with his official activity or the discharge of his public duty;

c) with respect to a minor or another person who is, knowingly for the guilty person, in a helpless state, as well as with special cruelty, torture or torments for the victim;

d) by a group of persons, a group of persons by previous concert, or an organised group;

e) out of malicious motives;

f) by reason of political, ideological, racial, national or religious hatred or enmity, or by reason of hatred or enmity with respect to some social group -

g) abolished

shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of five years.

Article 113. Infliction of a Grave Injury or Injury of Average Gravity While in a State of Temporary Insanity

Intentional infliction of a grave injury or injury of average gravity to health in a state of sudden strong mental agitation (temporary insanity), caused by violence, mockery, or grave insult on the part of the victim or by other unlawful or amoral actions (inaction) of the victim, or by a mentally traumatizing situation that arose in connection with the systematic unlawful or immoral behavior of the victim, -

Article 114. Infliction of a Grave Injury or Injury of Average Gravity in Excess of the Requirements of Justifiable Defence or in Excess of the Measures Needed for the Detention of a Person Who Has Committed a Crime

1. Intentional infliction of a grave injury committed in excess of the requirements of justifiable defence,

shall be punishable by corrective labour for a term of up to one year, or by restraint of liberty for a term of up to one years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to one year, or deprivation of liberty for the same term.

2. Intentional infliction of a grave injury or injury of average gravity, committed in excess of the measures needed for the detention of a person who has committed a crime,

Article 115. Intentional Infliction of Light Injury

1. Intentional infliction of light injury which has temporarily damaged health or caused an insignificant stable loss of general capacity for work,

Shall be punishable by a fine of up to 40 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to three months, or punishable by compulsory works for a term of up to 480 hours, or corrective labour for a term of up to one year, or by arrest for a term of up to four months.

2. The same deed committed:

a) through ruffian-like motives;

b) by reason of political, ideological, racial, national or religious hatred or enmity, or by reason of hatred or enmity with respect to some social group -

shall be punishable by compulsory works for a term of up to three hundred and sixty hours, or by corrective labour for a term of up to one year, or by restriction of liberty for a term of up to two years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to two years. or by an arrest for a term of up to six months, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up two years.

Article 116. Battery

1. Battery or the commission of similar violent actions, which have caused physical pain but not involved the consequences referred to in Article 115 of this Code,

Shall be punishable with a fine in the amount of up to 40 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary or any other income of the convicted person for a period of three months, or by compulsory works for a period of time of up to 360 hours, or by corrective labour for a term of up to six months, or by arrest for a term of up to three months.

2. The same deeds committed:

a) through ruffian-like motives;

b) by reason of political, ideological, racial, national or religious hatred or enmity, or by reason of hatred or enmity with respect to some social group -

shall be punishable by obligatory labour for a term of up to 360 hours, or by corrective labour for a term of up to one year, or by restriction of liberty for a term up to two years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to two years, or by an arrest for a term of up to six months, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up two years.

Article 117. Torture

1. The infliction of physical or mental suffering by means of systematic beating or by any other violent actions, unless this has involved the consequences referred to in Article 111 or 112 of this Code,

shall be punishable by restraint of liberty for a term of up to three years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to three years, or by deprivation of liberty for the same term.

2. The same act committed:

a) against two or more persons;

b) against a person or his relatives in connection with the official activity of this person or the discharge of his public duty;

c) against a woman who is in a state of pregnancy, which is evident to the convicted person;

d) against an obvious juvenile or a person who is in a helpless state, as known by the convicted person, or in material or any other dependence on the convicted person, and also in respect of a person kidnapped or seized as a hostage;

e) with the use of torment;

f) by a group of persons, a group of persons by previous concert, or an organised group;

g) by hire;

h) by reason of political, ideological, racial, national or religious hatred or enmity, or by reason of hatred or enmity with respect to some social group -

shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of three to seven years.

Note. Torture in this Article and in other Articles of this Code shall mean the infliction of physical or mental suffering for the purpose of compelling to give evidence or to commit other actions against a person's will, as well as for the purpose of punishing, or for other purposes.

Article 118. Infliction of Grave Injury by Negligence

1. The infliction of grave injury to health by negligence -

Shall be punishable with a fine in the amount of up to 80 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary of any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to six months, or by obligatory labour for a term of up to 480 hours, or by compulsory works for a term of up to two years, or by restraint of liberty for a term of up to three years, or by arrest for a term of up to six months.

2. The same deed committed in consequence of the improper discharge by a person of his professional duties,

Shall be punishable by restraint of liberty for a term of four years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to one year with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified kinds of activities for a term of up three years or without such, or deprivation of liberty for a term of up to one year, with the deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years, or by the permanent deprivation of such right.

3. abolished

4. abolished

Article 119. Threat of Murder or Infliction of Grave Injury to Health

1. Threat of murder or infliction of grave injury to health, if there were grounds to fear the realization of this threat,

shall be punishable by obligatory labour for a term of up to 480 hours, or by restrain of liberty for a term of up to two years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up two years, or by arrest for a term of up to six months, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to two years.

2. The same deed committed by reason of political, ideological, racial, national or religious hatred or enmity, or by reason of hatred or enmity with respect to some social group -

shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years accompanied by deprivation of the right to hold specified or engage in specified activities for a term up to three years or without such, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to five years accompanied by deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or engage in specified activities for a term up to three years or without such.

Article 120. Compulsion to Remove Human Organs or Tissues for Transplantation

1. Compulsion to remove human organs or tissues for transplantation, committed with the use of violence or with the threat of its use,

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to four years, with the deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years, or by the permanent deprivation of such right.

2. The same deed committed against a person who is in a state of helplessness, which is well known to the guilty person, or in material or any other dependence on this guilty person, Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to five years, with the deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years, or with the permanent deprivation of such right.

Article 121. Infection with a Venereal Disease

1. Infection of another person with a venereal disease by a person who knew that he had such a disease,

Shall be punishable with a fine in the amount of up to 200 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to 18 months, or by compulsory works for a term of up to 480 hours, or by corrective labour for a term of up to two years, or by arrest for a term of up to six months.

Federal Law No. 14-FZ of February 29, 2012 amended part 2 of Article 121 of this Code

2. The same act committed against two or more persons, or against an juvenile,

Shall be punishable with a fine in the amount of up to 300 thousand roubles or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period up of to two years, by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to two years.

Article 122. Infection with Human Immuno-deficiency Virus (HIV)

1. Posing a conscious threat to infect a person with HIV

Shall be punishable by restraint of liberty for a term of up to three years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to one year, or by arrest for a term of up to six months, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to one year.

2. Infection of another person with HIV by a person who knew that he had such disease, Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to five years.

Federal Law No. 14-FZ of February 29, 2012 amended part 3 of Article 122 of this Code

3. The act described in the second part of this Article, committed against two or more persons, or against an obvious juvenile,

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to eight years with deprivation of the right to hold definite offices and to engage in definite activities for a term of up to ten years or without such.

4. Infection of another person with HIV through the improper discharge by a person of his professional duties,

shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years accompanied by deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to five years accompanied by deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years.

Note. A person who has committed the deeds provided for by Parts One and Two of this Article shall be released from criminal liability if the other person subjected to the risk of being infected, or infected, with HIV was warned in due time that the former had such disease and agreed of his own free will to commit the actions posing the risk of infection.

Article 123. Illegal Performance of Abortions

1. Performance of abortions by a person who lacks higher medical education of an appropriate specialization

2. Abolished

3. The same deed, if it has entailed - by negligence - the death of the victim or the infliction of grave injury to her health,

shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years accompanied by deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to five years accompanied by deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such.

Article 124. Failure to Render Aid to a Sick Person

1. Failure to render aid to a sick person without valid reasons, by a person who is duty-bound to render aid in keeping with the law or with special rules, if this has entailed by negligence the infliction of injury of average gravity to the health of the sick person,

Shall be punishable with a fine in the amount of up to 40 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of three months, or by compulsory works for a term of up to 360 hours, or by corrective labour for a term of up to one year, or by arrest for a term of up to four months.

2. The same act, if it has involved, through negligence, the death of the sick person or the infliction of grave injury to his health,

shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of up to four years accompanied by deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such, or by derivation of liberty for a term of up to four years accompanied by deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such.

Article 125. Leaving to Danger

The deliberate abandoning without aid of person who is in a state of danger to human life or health, and who is deprived of the possibility of taking measures towards self-preservation because of his young age, old age, sickness, or in consequence of his helplessness, in cases where the convicted person had the possibility to render aid to this person and was obliged to take care of him, or who has put him in the state of danger to life and health,

shall be punishable by a fine in the amount of up to eighty thousand roubles or in the amount of a wage/salary or other income of the convicted person for a period of up to six months, or by obligatory labour for a term of up to three hundred and sixty hours, or by corrective labour for a term of up to one year, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to one year, or by an arrest for a term of up to three months, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to one year.

Chapter 17. Crimes Against the Freedom, Honour, and Dignity of the Person

Article 126. Abduction

1. Abduction -

shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years or by deprivation of liberty for the same term.

2. The same act committed:

a) by a group of persons by previous concert;

b) abolished

c) with the use of violence with danger to human life and health, or a threat to apply such violence;

d) with the use of weapons or objects used as weapons;

e) against an obvious juvenile;

f) against a woman who is in a state of pregnancy, which is evident to the culprit;

g) against two or more persons;

h) out of mercenary motives,

shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of five to twelve years with restriction of liberty for a term up to two years or without such.

3. Deeds stipulated by the first and second parts of this Article, if they:

a) have been committed by an organised group;

b) abolished

c) have entailed by negligence the death of the victim or any other grave consequences, -

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of six to fifteen years with restriction of liberty for a term up to two years or without such.

Note: A person who has set an abducted person free voluntarily shall be released from criminal liability, unless his actions contain a different corpus delicti.

Article 127. Illegal Deprivation of Liberty

1. Illegal deprivation of a person's liberty, which is not related to his abduction,

shall be punishable by restraint of liberty for a term of up to two years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to two years, or by arrest for a term of from three to six months, or deprivation of liberty for a term of up to two years.

2. The same deed committed:

a) by a group of persons by previous concert;

b) abolished

c) with the use of violence with danger to human life and health;

d) with the use of weapons or objects used as weapons;

e) against an obvious juvenile;

f) against a woman who is in a state of pregnancy, which is evident to the culprit;

g) against two or more persons,

shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years or by deprivation of liberty for a term of three to five years.

3. Deeds provided for by the fist or second parts of this Article, if they have been committed by an organised group or have entailed by negligence the death of the victim, or any other grave consequences,

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of from four to eight years.

Article 127.¹. Human Beings' Trafficking

1. The purchase-and-sale of a human being, other transactions with respect to a person, as well as the recruiting, carriage, transfer, concealment or receiving performed for the purpose of his or her exploitation -

shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to six years.

Federal Law No. 14-FZ of February 29, 2012 amended part 2 of Article 127.¹ of this Code

2. The same deeds committed:

a) in respect of two or more persons;

b) in respect of a minor;

c) by a person through his official position;

d) moving the victim across the State Border of the Russian Federation or illegally keeping him abroad;

e) using forged documents, as well as seizing, concealing or destroying the documents certifying the identity of the victim;

f) with application of force or with the threat of applying it;

g) for the purpose of cutting out the victim's organs and tissues;

h) with respect to a person who is, knowingly for the guilty person, in a helpless state or is materially or otherwise dependent on the guilty person;

i) with respect to a woman who, knowingly for the guilty person, is in the state of pregnancy, -

shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of three to ten years with deprivation of the right to hold definite offices or to engage in definite activities for a term of up to fifteen years or without such and with restriction of liberty for a term of up to two years or without such.

3. The deeds provided for by Parts One and Two of this Article:

a) which have entailed the victim's death by negligence, the infliction of major damage to the victim's health or other grave consequences;

b) committed in a way posing a danger to the life or health of many people;

c) committed by an organised group -

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of from eight to 15 years with restriction of liberty for a term of up to two years or without such.

Note. 1. A person who has committed for the first time the deeds provided for by Part One or Item "a" of Part Two of this Article, has voluntarily released the victim and has contributed to solving the crime shall be released from criminal liability if there are no other formal components of a crime in his acts.

2. The exploitation of a person shall mean in this Article the use of the engagement in prostitution by other persons and other forms of sexual exploitation, slave labour (services), subjection.

Article 127.² Use of Slave Labour

1. Using the labour of a person in respect of which authority is exercised which is akin to ownership, where the person cannot refuse to carry out works (services) for reasons independent of him -

shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years or by deprivation of liberty for the same term.

Federal Law No. 14-FZ of February 29, 2012 amended part 2 of Article 127.² of this Code

2. The same deed committed:

a) in respect of two or more persons;

b) in respect of a minor;

c) by a person through his official position;

d) with the use of blackmail, violence or with the threat of using it;

e) with the seizure, concealment or destruction of the documents certifying the identity of the victim -

shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years or by deprivation of liberty for a term of three years to ten years with deprivation of the right to hold definite offices or to engage in definite activities for a term of up to fifteen years or without such.

3. The deeds provided for by Parts One and Two of this Article which have entailed the victim's death by negligence, infliction of major damage to the victim's health or other grave consequences, or which have been committed by an organised group -

shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of from eight to 15 years with restriction of liberty for a term of up to one year or without such.

Article 128. Illegal Placement in a Mental Hospital

1. Illegal placement of a person in a mental hospital -

shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to three years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to three years, or by deprivation of liberty for the same term.

2. The same act, if it has been committed by a person through his official position, or has entailed by negligence the death of the victim, or any other serious result,

shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years accompanied by deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to seven years accompanied by deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such.

Article 129.

Article 130.

Chapter 18. Crimes Against the Sexual Inviolability and Sexual Freedom of the Person

Article 131. Rape

1. Rape, that is, a sexual intercourse with the use of violence or of a threat thereof, with respect to the victim or to other persons or with the use of a helpless state of the victim -

shall be punishable with deprivation of freedom for a term of three to six years.

2. A rape:

a) committed by a group of persons, or by a group of persons in preliminary collusion, or by an organised group;

b) connected with a threat of homicide or with causing a grave injury to the health, and also committed with special cruelty with respect to the victim or to other persons; c) which has entailed the infection of the victim with a venerial disease -shall be punishable with deprivation of freedom for a term of four to ten years with restriction of liberty for a term of up to two years or without such.

3. A rape:

a) of a minor girl;

b) which has entailed, by negligence, the causing of a grave injury to the health of the victim, the infection of her with AIDS or other grave consequences -

shall be punishable with deprivation of freedom for a term of eight to fifteen years with or without deprivation of the right to hold certain posts or to be engaged in a certain activity for a period of up to twenty years and with restriction of liberty for a term of up to two years.

4. A rape:

a) which has entailed by negligence the death of the victim;

b) of a girl victim who has not reached the age of fourteen years -

shall be punishable with deprivation of freedom for a term of twelve to twenty years with or without deprivation of the right to hold certain posts or to be engaged in a certain activity for a term of up to twenty years and with restriction of liberty for a term of up to two years.

5. The deed provided for by Item b of Part Four of this Article made by a person with a previous conviction for having committed an offence against sexual integrity of a minor -

shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of fifteen to twenty years with deprivation of the right to hold definite offices or to engage in definite activities for a term of up to twenty years or by life imprisonment.

Note. The offences provided for by Item b of Part Four of this article, as well as by Item b of Part Four of Article 132 of this Code, shall also include the offences having the constituent elements provided for by Parts Three - Five of Article 134 and by Parts Two - Four of Article 135 of this Code that have been committed in respect of a person under twelve years old, because such person by virtue of the age thereof is in the helpless state, that is, he/she cannot understand the nature and meaning of the actions made in respect of him/her.

Article 132. Violent Actions of Sexual Character

1. Pederasty, lesbianism or other actions of sexual character with the use of violence or with a threat thereof with respect to a male (female) victim or to other persons or with the use of the helpless state of the victim -

shall be punishable with deprivation of freedom for a term of three to six years.

2. The same acts:

a) committed by a group of persons, or by a group of persons in preliminary collusion, or by an organised group;

b) connected with a threat of homicide or with causing a grave injury to the health, and also committed with severe cruelty with respect to the victim or to other persons;

c) which has entailed the infection of the victim with a venerial disease -

shall be punishable with deprivation of freedom for a term of four to ten years with restriction of liberty for a term of up to two years or without such.

3. The acts stipulated by Parts one or two of this Article, if they:

a) have been committed with respect to a minor boy (girl);

b) have entailed, by negligence, the causing of a grave injury to the health of the victim, the infection of him (her) with AIDS or other grave consequences -

4. The acts stipulated by Parts one or two of this Article if they:

a) have entailed, by negligence, the death of the male (female) victim;

b) have been committed with respect to a person who has not reached the age of fourteen years -

5. The deeds provided for by Item b of part four of this article made by the person who has a previous conviction for having committed an offence against sexual integrity of a minor -

Federal Law No. 14-FZ of February 29, 2012 amended Article 133 of this Code

Article 133. Compulsion to Perform Sexual Actions

1. Compulsion of a person to enter into illicit relations, pederasty, lesbianism, or the commission of other sexual actions by means of blackmail, threat of destruction, damage, or taking of property, or with the use of material or any other dependence of the victim,

shall be punishable by a fine in the amount of up to one hundred and twenty thousand roubles or in the amount of a wage/salary or other income of the convicted person for a period of up to one year, or by obligatory labour for a term of up to four hundred and eighty hours, or by corrective labour for a term of up to two years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to one year, or by deprivation of liberty for the same term.

2. The same deed committed in respect of a minor boy (minor girl) -

shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years with deprivation of the right to hold definite offices or to engage in definite activities for a term of up to three years or without such or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to five years with deprivation of the right to hold definite offices or to engage in definite activities for a term of up to three years or without such.

Federal Law No. 14-FZ of February 29, 2012 reworded Article 134 of this Code

Article 134. Sexual Intercourse and Other Actions of Sexual Character with a Person Who Has Not Reached the Age of Sixteen Years

1. Sexual intercourse committed by a person who has reached the age of eighteen years of age with a person who has not reached the age of sixteen years and sexual maturity -

shall be punishable by obligatory labour for a term of up to 480 hours, or by restriction of liberty for a term of up to four years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to four years with or without deprivation of the right to hold certain posts or to be engaged in a certain activity for a period of up to three years, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to four years with or without deprivation of the right to hold certain posts or to be engaged in a certain activity for a period of up to ten years.

2. Pederasty or lesbianism in respect of a person who has not reached sixteen years of age and sexual maturity effected by a person who has reached eighteen years of age -

shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years with or without deprivation of the right to hold certain posts or to be engaged in a certain activity for a period of up to three years, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to six years with or without deprivation of the right to hold certain posts or to be engaged in a certain activity for a period of up to ten years.

3. The deeds stipulated by Part One and Two of this Article committed by a person who has reached twelve years of age but has not reached fourteen years of age -

shall be punishable with deprivation of freedom for a term of three to ten years with or without deprivation of the right to hold certain posts or to be engaged in a certain activity for a period of up to fifteen years and with restriction of liberty for a term of up to two years or without such.

4. The deeds stipulated by Parts One, Two or Three of this Article committed in respect of two or more persons -

shall be punishable by deprivation of freedom for a term of eight to fifteen years with or without deprivation of the right to hold certain posts or to be engaged in a certain activity for a period of up to twenty years.

5. The deeds provided for by Parts One, Two, Three or Four of this article made by a group of persons, by a group of persons by previous concert or by an organised group -

shall be punishable by deprivation of freedom for a term of twelve to twenty years with or without deprivation of the right to hold certain posts or to be engaged in a certain activity for a period of up to twenty years and with restriction of liberty for a term of up to two years or without such.

6. The deeds provided for by Part Three of this article made by a person with a previous conviction for having committed an offence against sexual integrity of a minor -

shall be punishable by deprivation of freedom for a term of fifteen to twenty years with or without deprivation of the right to hold certain posts or to be engaged in a certain activity for a period of up to twenty years or by life imprisonment.

Note. 1. A person who for the first time has committed the crime stipulated by Part One of this Article, shall be relieved of punishment by court if it is established that such person and the action committed by him/her are no longer socially dangerous in connection with his/her entry into marriage with the victim.

2. Where the age difference between the victim and the accused person is less than four years, the latter shall not be punishable by deprivation of liberty for the committed deed provided for by Part One of this article or by Part One of Article 135 of this Code.

Article 135. Depraved Actions

Federal Law No. 14-FZ of February 29, 2012 amended part 1 of Article 135 of this Code

1. The commission of lecherous actions without using violence by a person who has reached eighteen years of age in respect of a person who has not reached sixteen years of age and sexual maturity -

shall be punishable by obligatory labour for a term of up to 480 hours, or by restriction of liberty for a term of up to three years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years with or without deprivation of the right to hold certain posts or to be engaged in a certain activity for a period of up three years, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to three years with or without deprivation of the right to hold certain posts or to be engaged in a certain activity for a period of up to ten years.

Federal Law No. 14-FZ of February 29, 2012 amended part 2 of Article 135 of this Code

2. The same deed committed in respect of the person who has reached twelve years of age but has not reached fourteen years of age -

shall be punishable with deprivation of freedom for a term of three to eight years with or without deprivation of the right to hold certain posts or to be engaged in a certain activity for a period of up to fifteen years and with restriction of liberty for a term of up to two years or without such.

Federal Law No. 14-FZ of February 29, 2012 reworded part 3 of Article 135 of this Code

3. The deeds provided for by Parts One or Two of this article made in respect of two or more persons -

shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of five to twelve years with or without deprivation of the right to hold certain posts or to be engaged in a certain activity for a period of up to twenty years.

Federal Law No. 14-FZ of February 29, 2012 amended part 4 of Article 135 of this Code

4. The acts stipulated by Parts one, two or three of this Article committed by a group of persons in preliminary collusion or by an organised group -

shall be punishable by deprivation of freedom for a term of seven to fifteen years with or without deprivation of the right to hold certain posts or to be engaged in a certain activity for a period of up to twenty years and with restriction of liberty for a term of up to two years or without such.

Federal Law No. 14-FZ of February 29, 2012 supplemented Article 135 of this Code with part 5

5. The deed provided for by Part Two of this article which is made by the person who has a previous conviction for having committed an offence against sexual integrity of a minor -

shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of ten to fifteen years with deprivation of the right to hold definite offices or to engage in definite activities for a term of up to twenty years.

Chapter 19. Crimes Against the Constitutional Rights and Freedoms of Man and Citizen

Article 136. Violation of the Equality of Human and Civil Rights and Freedoms

Discrimination, that is, violation of the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of man and citizen based on gender, race, nationality, language, origin, property or official status, place or residence, attitude to religion, convictions, or affiliation with public associations or any social groups, made by a person through the use of the official position thereof -

shall be punishable with a fine in the amount of 100 thousand to 300 thousand roubles, or in the amount of a wage/salary or any other income of the convicted person for a period of one year to two years, or by deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or engage in specified activities for a term of up to five years, or by obligatory labour for a term of up to four hundred and eighty hours, or by corrective labour for a term of up to two years, or by deprivation of liberty for the same term.

Article 137. Invasion of Personal Privacy

1. Illegal collection or spreading of information about the private life of a person which constitutes his personal or family secrets, without his consent, or the distribution of this information in a public speech, in a publicly performed work, or in the mass media,

shall be punishable by a fine in the amount of up to two hundred thousand roubles, or in the amount of a wage/salary or other income of the convicted person for a period of up to eighteen months, or by obligatory labour for a term of up to three hundred and sixty hours, or by corrective labour for a term of up to one year, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to two years accompanied by deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such, or by an arrest for a term of up to four months, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to two years accompanied by deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years.

2. The same deeds committed by a person through his official position, Shall be punishable with a fine in the amount of from 100 thousand to 300 thousand roubles, in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of from one to two years, or by deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of from two to five years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to four years accompanied by deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to five years or without such, or by arrest for a term of from four to six months , or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to four years accompanied by deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term up to five years.

Article 138. Violation of the Secrecy of Correspondence, Telephone Conversations, Postal, Telegraphic and Other Messages

1. Violation of the secrecy of correspondence, telephone conversations, or postal, telegraphic, or other messages of individuals,

Shall be punishable with a fine in the amount of up to 80 thousand roubles, in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to six months, or by obligatory works for a period of up to 360 hours, or by corrective labour for a term of up to one year.

2. The same deeds committed by a person through his official position,

shall be punishable with a fine in the amount of 100 thousand to 300 thousand roubles, or in the amount of a wage/salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of one to two years, or by deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of two to five years, or by obligatory works for a term of up to four hundred and eighty hours, or by compulsory works for a term of up to four years, or by arrest for a term of up to four months, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to four years.

3. Abrogated.

Federal Law No. 420-FZ of December 7, 2011 supplemented this Code with Article 138.¹

Article 138.¹. Illegal Turnover of Special Hardware Intended for Private Obtainment of Information

The illegal manufacture, acquisition and/or sale of special hardware intended for private obtainment of information -

shall be punishable by a fine in the mount of up to two hundred thousand roubles or in the amount of a wage/salary, or other income of the convicted person for a period of up to eighteen months, or by restrain of liberty for a term of up to four years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to four years accompanied by deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to four years accompanied by deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such.

Article 139. Violation of the Inviolability of the Home

1. Illegal intrusion into a home, committed against the will of the person residing in it, Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 40 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to three months, or by compulsory works for a term of up to 360 hours, or by corrective labour for a term of up to one year, or by arrest for a term of up to three months.

2. The same deed committed with the use of violence or the threat of its use

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 200 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for the period of up to 18 months, or by corrective labour for a term of up to two years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to two years, or by deprivation of liberty for the same term.

3. Deeds specified in the first or second parts of this Article, and committed by a person through his official position, -

Shall be punishable with a fine in the amount of of from 100 thousand to 300 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of from one to two years, or by deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of from two to five years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to three years, or by arrest for a term of up to four months, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to three years.

Note. For the purposes of the present Article and other articles of the present Code, the term "dwelling" means an individual residential house complete with residential and non-residential premises attached thereto, residential premises, irrespective of the form of ownership included in residential facilities fit for permanent or temporary living quarters and equally other premises or a structure not included in residential facilities stock but intended as temporary living quarters.

Article 140. Refusal of Submit Information to an Individual

Illegal refusal by an official to submit documents and materials, collected in the statutory order and directly affecting the rights and freedoms of an individual, or the submission of incomplete or deliberately falsified information to an individual, if these deeds have caused harm to the rights and legally-protected interests of individuals,

Shall be punishable with a fine in the amount of up to 200 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to 18 months, or by deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of from two to five years.

Article 141. Obstruction of the Exercise of Electoral Rights or of the Work of Electoral Commissions

1. Obstructing the free exercise by a citizen of his election rights or the right to participate in a referendum, breaking the secrecy of the ballot, as well as obstructing the work of election committees, referendum committees or the activities of a member of an election committee or a referendum committee connected with discharge of their duties -

Shall be punishable with a fine in the amount of up to 40 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to three months, or by compulsory work for a term of up to 360 hours, or by corrective labour for a term of up to one year.

2. The same acts:

a) connected with bribery, deceit, coercion, use of violence or with the threat of its use;

b) committed by a person through his official position;

c) committed by a group of persons by previous concert or by an organised group, shall be punishable with a fine in the amount of up to 200 thousand roubles, or in the amount of a wage/salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to 18 months, or by obligatory labour for a term of up to four hundred and eighty hours, or by corrective labour for a term of up to two years, or by compulsory labour for a term of one hundred and eighty to two hundred and forty hours, or by corrective labour for a term of up to two years, or by arrest for a term of up to six months, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to five years.

3. Interference, using one's official capacity or office, in the exercise by an election committee or a referendum committee of their powers, established by the laws on elections and referenda, for the purpose of affecting decisions thereof, that is, a demand or direction of an official concerning registration of candidates, lists of candidates, counting votes of electors or of referendum participants, as well as other matters pertaining to the exclusive authority of the election committee or referendum committee, as well as the unlawful interference in the functioning of the State Automated System of the Russian Federation "Elections" -

Shall be punishable with a fine in the amount of from 100 thousand to 300 thousand roubles or in the amount of the wage or salary, or other income of the convicted person for the period of from one to two years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to four years, or by deprivation of freedom for a term of up to four years accompanied with a fine in the amount of up to 80 thousand roubles or in the amount of the wage or salary, or other income of the convicted person for a period of up to six months or without such.

Article 141.¹. Breaking the Procedure for Financing the Election Campaign of a Candidate, of an Election Association, for the Activities of a Referendum Initiative Group, of Other Group of Referendum Participants

1. The transfer of large amounts of money to a candidate or an electoral association for the purpose of achieving a certain result in an election as bypassing the relevant electoral fund or the spending of large amounts of money not remitted to electoral funds for the purpose of achieving a certain result in an election or the transfer of material valuables in large amounts to a candidate or an electoral association for the purpose of achieving a certain result in an election without a compensation with monies from the relevant electoral fund, or the performance of paid works, sale of goods, provision of paid services, which are directly or indirectly relating to an election and which have been allocated for achieving a certain result in an election, effected in large amounts without payment from the relevant electoral fund or with payment from the relevant electoral fund at understated rates or the transfer to an referendum initiative group or to another group of participants in a referendum for the purpose of achieving a certain result in a referendum of large amounts of money as bypassing the relevant fund of the referendum or the spending of large amounts of money which have not been remitted into referendum funds, for the purpose of achieving a certain result in a referendum or the transfer to a referendum initiative group or to another group of participants in a referendum for the purpose of achieving a certain result in a referendum of material valuables in large amounts without a compensation with monies from the relevant referendum fund or the performance of paid works, sale of goods, provision of paid services, which are directly or indirectly related to a referendum and which have been allocated for putting forward an initiative of conducting a referendum, achieving a certain result in a referendum, as effected in large amounts without payment from the relevant referendum fund or with payment from the relevant referendum fund at understated rates, and also the making of large donations to an electoral fund, referendum fund via figure heads -

shall be punishable with a fine in the amount of 100 thousand to 300 thousand roubles or in the amount of a wage/salary, or other income of the convicted person for a period of one year to two years, or by obligatory labour for a term of up to three hundred and sixty hours, or by corrective labour for a term of up to one year, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to one year, or by deprivation of freedom for the same term.

2. Large-scale use, in addition to the assets of an appropriate election fund, of financial (material) support for waging the election campaign of a candidate, election association by the candidate, his authorized representative in charge of financial matters, by an authorized representative in charge of financial matters of the election association or the election block, the large-scale use, in addition to the assets of an appropriate referendum fund, of the financial (material) support for initiating the conduct of the referendum or for obtaining certain results of the referendum by an authorized representative in charge of financial matters of the referendum initiative group, of another group of referendum participants, as well as large-scale spending of donations prohibited by the laws on elections and referendums and remitted to a special election account or a special account of the referendum fund-

shall be punishable with a fine in the amount of from 100 thousand to 500 thousand roubles, or in the amount of a wage/salary, or other income of the convicted person for a period of one year to three years, or by deprivation of the right to hold specified posts or to exercise specified activities for a term of one to five years, or by obligatory labour for a term of up to four hundred and eighty hours, or by corrective labour for a term of up to two years, or by compulsory work for a term of up to two years, or by deprivation of liberty for the same term.

Note. As large-scale shall be deemed in this article the amount of money, the value of property or of property benefits which exceed one tenth of the maximum amount of expenditure of the election fund of a candidate, election association, referendum fund, established by the laws on elections and referendums, as at the time of committing the deed provided for by this Article, but which is equal to at least one million roubles.

Article 142. Falsification of Election Documents and Referendum Documents

1. Falsification of election documents and referendum documents, where this deed is committed by a member of an election committee, a referendum committee, an authorized representative of an election association, referendum initiative group, or other group of a referendum participants, or by a candidate or an authorized representative thereof -

2. Falsification of the signatures of electors or referendum participants in support of nominating a candidate, a list of candidates proposed by an electoral association or the initiative of holding a referendum, or attestation of wittingly falsified signatures (voter's lists) carried out by a group of persons by previous concert, or by an organised group, or accompanied by bribery, coercion, application of force or the threat of applying it, as well as by elimination of property or the threat of eliminating it, or entailing an essential violation of rights and legitimate interests of citizens or organisations or of interests of the society or the State protected by laws

shall be punishable with a fine in the amount of 100 thousand to 500 thousand roubles, or in the amount of a wage/salary or other income of the convicted person for the period of one year to three years, or by deprivation of the right to occupy specified posts or to exercise specified activities for a term of two to five years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to three years, or by deprivation of freedom for the same term.

3. The illegal production, as well as storage or transportation of illegally-produced voting papers or referendum voting papers, absentee ballots -

shall be punishable with a fine in the amount of 100 thousand to 500 thousand roubles or in the amount of a wage/salary or other income of the convicted person for a period of one to three years, or by deprivation of the right to occupy specified offices or to exercise specified kinds of activities for a term of two to five years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to three years, or by deprivation of freedom for the same term.

Article 142.^1. Falsification of Voting Results

Including unregistered voting papers in the number of voting papers used in voting, or submitting wittingly false data on electors, referendum participants, or the wittingly incorrect drawing up of voters' lists, of referendum participants manifesting in the inclusion thereto of persons who do not enjoy an active electoral right, the right to participation in a referendum, or of fictitious persons, or falsification of the signatures of voters or referendum participants in the lists of voters and referendum participants, or replacement of valid voting papers with notes of voters or referendum participants, or the unlawful spoilage of voting papers, or the wittingly incorrect counting of votes cast by voters or referendum participants, or signing by members of an election committee or a referendum committee of record of voting results prior to counting votes or determining the voting results, or a wittingly incorrect (not complying with real voting results) drawing up of a record of voting results, or the unlawful entry of amendments into the record of voting results after filling it in, or the wittingly incorrect determination of voting results or determination of the results of elections or a referendum -

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of from 100 thousand roubles to 300 thousand roubles or in the amount of the wage, salary or other income of the convicted person for a term of from one year to two years or by deprivation of freedom for a term of up to four years.

Article 143. Violation of Labour Protection Rules

1. Violation of safety rules or any other labour protection rules, committed by a person who has the duty of observing these rules, if this entailed by negligence the infliction of grave injury to the victim,

shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of 100 thousand roubles to 300 thousand roubles or in the amount of a wage/salary or other income of the convicted person for a term of one year to two years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to four years, or by deprivation of freedom for the same term.

2. The same act entailing, by negligence, the death of a person,

shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 200 thousand roubles, or in the amount of a wage/salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to eighteen months, or by obligatory labour for a term of up to four hundred and eighty hours, or by corrective labour for a term of up to two years, or by compulsory works for a term of up to one year, or by deprivation of liberty for the same term.

Article 144. Obstruction of the Lawful Professional Activity of Journalists

1. Obstruction of the lawful professional activity of journalists by compelling them to give out information or to refuse to give out it -

Shall be punishable with a fine in the amount of up to 80 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to six months, or by compulsory works for a term of up to 360 hours, or by corrective labour for a term of up to one year.

2. The same act committed by a person through his official position,

shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of 100 thousand to 300 thousand roubles or in the amount of a wage/salary or any other income of the convicted person for a period of one year to two years, or by obligatory labour for a term of up to four hundred and eighty hours, or by corrective labour for a term of up to two years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to two years, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to two years with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such.

3. The deeds provided for by Parts One or Two of this article accompanied by violence with respect to a journalist, or close relatives thereof, or by damage or destruction of their property, as well as by a threat of using such violence, -

shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term up to five years or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to six years with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such.

Article 145. Unfounded Refusal to Employ, or Unfounded Dismissal of a Pregnant Woman or a Woman with Children Below Three Years of Age

The unfounded refusal to employ a woman or the unfounded dismissal of a woman because of her pregnancy, and also the unfounded refusal to employ or unfounded dismissal of a woman with children below three years of age,

Article 145.^1. Non-payment of Salaries, Wages, Pensions, Stipends, Benefits and Other Payments

1. A partial non-payment within more than three months of salaries, wages, pensions, stipends, benefits and other payments established by law which is committed by the head of an organisation or by an employer being a natural person, by the head of a branch, representative office or other separate structural unit of an organisation owing to a mercenary or other personal interest -

shall be punishable by a fine in an amount of up to one hundred and twenty thousand roubles or in the amount of the salary or wages or other income of the convicted person for a period of up to one year, or by deprivation of the right to occupy certain posts or to be engaged in a certain activity for a period of up to one year, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to two years, or by deprivation of freedom for a term of up to one year.

2. A full non-payment within more than two months of salaries, wages, pensions, stipends, benefits and other payments established by law, or payment of salaries or wages within over two months in the amount which is below the minimum labour wage owing to mercenary or other personal interest by the head of an organization, by the employer who is a natural person, by the head of a branch, representative office or other separate structural unit of an organisation -

shall be punishable by a fine in an amount of one hundred thousand to five hundred thousand roubles or in the amount of the salary or wages or other income of the convicted person for a period of up to three years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to three years with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to three years with deprivation of the right to occupy certain posts or to be engaged in a certain activity for a period of up to three years or without such.

3. The deeds provided for by Parts One or Two of this article, if they have entailed grave consequences -

shall be punishable by a fine in the amount of two hundred thousand to five hundred thousand roubles or in the amount of salaries or wages or other income of the convicted persons for a period of one year to three years or by deprivation of liberty for a term of two to five years with deprivation of the right to occupy certain posts or to be engaged in a certain activity for a term up to five years or without such.

Note. A partial non-payment of salaries, wages, pensions, stipends, benefits and other payments established by law means in this article their payment in the amount of less than half the sum to be paid.

Article 146. Violation of Copyright and Neighbouring Rights.

1. Appropriation of authorship (plagiarism), if this act has caused significant damage to the author or another possessor of the right, -

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 200 thousand roubles or in the amount of the wage or another income of the convicted person for a period of up to 18 months, or with obligatory work for a period of up to 480 hours, or by corrective labour for a term of up to one years, or with arrest for a period of up to six months.

2. Illegal use of objects of copyright or neighbouring rights, as well as the acquisition, storage or carriage of counterfeited copies of works or phonograms for the purpose of sale carried out on a large scale -

3. Acts stipulated by Item two of this Article, if they have been committed:

a) abolished

b) by a group of persons by previous concert or by an organised group;

c) on an especially large scale;

d) by a person with the use of his official position -

shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to six years accompanied by a fine in the amount of up to five hundred thousand roubles or in the amount of a wage/salary or other income of the convicted person for a period of up to three years or without such.

Note. Acts stipulated by this Article shall be deemed to have been committed on a large scale if the value of the copies of the works or phonograms or the value of the rights for the use of the objects of copyright or neighbouring rights exceed 100 thousand roubles, and on an especially large scale - one million roubles.

On Judicial Practice of Examination of Criminal Cases on Infringement of Copyrights, Associated Rights, Inventor's Rights and Patent Rights and Also on Illegal Use of the Trademark, see Decision of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation No. 14 of April 26, 2007

Article 147. Violation of Inventor's Rights and Patent Rights

1. Illegal use of an invention, useful model, or industrial design, disclosure of the essence of an invention, useful model, or industrial design, without the consent of its author or applicant, and before the official publication of information about them, the illegal acquisition of authorship, or the compelling of co-authorship, if these acts have inflicted damage to a person,

shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 200 thousand roubles, or in the amount of a wage/salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to 18 months, or by obligatory labour for a term of up to four thousand and eighty hours, or by compulsory works for a term of up to two years, or by deprivation of liberty for the same term.

2. The same deeds committed by a group of persons by previous concert or by an organised group,

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of from 100 thousand to 300 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to eight months, or by arrest for a term of from one to two years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to five years.

Article 148. Obstruction of the Exercise of the Right of Liberty of Conscience and Religious Liberty

Illegal obstruction of the activity of religious organisations or of the performance of religious rites -

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 80 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for the period of up to six months, or by compulsory works for a term of up to 360 hours, compulsory works for a term of up to one year, or arrest for a term of up to three months.

Article 149. Obstruction of the Holding of a Meeting, Assembly, Demonstration, Procession, or Picketing, or of Participation in the Aforesaid

Illegal obstruction of the holding of a meeting, assembly, demonstration, procession, or picketing, or of participation in them, or compulsion to take part in them, if these acts have been committed by an official through his official position, or through the use of violence, or through the threat of its use,

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 300 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to two years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to three years accompanied by deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to three years, with disqualification to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years, or permanent disqualification.

Chapter 20. Crimes Against Minors

Article 150. Involvement of a Minor in the Commission of a Crime

1. Involvement of a minor in the commission of a crime by means of promises, deceit, threats, or in any other way, by a person who has reached 18 years of age,

Shall be punishable with deprivation of liberty for a term of up to five years.

2. The same deed committed by a parent, teacher, or any other person charged by law with bringing up a minor,

Shall be punishable with deprivation of liberty for a term of up to six years, with disqualification to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years, or permanent disqualification.

3. Deeds provided for by the first or second part of this Article, and committed with the use of violence or with the threat of its use,

shall be punishable with deprivation of liberty for a term of from two to seven years with restriction of liberty for a term of up to two years or without such.

4. Deeds stipulated by the first, second, or third parts of this Article, and connected with the involvement of a minor in a criminal group or in the commission of grave or especially grave crimes, as well as in the commission of a crime by reason of political, ideological, racial, national or religious hatred or enmity, or by reason of hatred or enmity with respect to some social group, -

shall be punishable with deprivation of liberty for a term of from five to eight years with restriction of liberty for a term of up to two years or without such.

Article 151. Involvement of a Minor in the Commission of Antisocial Actions

1. Involvement of a minor in the systematic use of alcoholic drinks or stupefying substances, in vagrancy, or soliciting, committed by a person who has reached the age of eighteen years old -

Shall be punishable by compulsory works for a term of from 180 to 240 hours, or by corrective labour for a term of from one year to two years, or by arrest for a term of from three to six months, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to four years.

2. The same deed committed by a parent, teacher, or any other person who is charged by law with the duty of bringing up a minor,

shall be punishable by restriction of liberty for a term of from two to four years, or by arrest for a term of from four to six months, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to five years, with disqualification from holding specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years, or permanent disqualification.

3. Deeds provided for by the first or second part of this Article with the use of violence or with the threat of its use,

shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to six years with restriction of liberty for a term of up to two years or without such.

Note. The operation of this Article shall not extend to the instances of drawing a minor in vagrancy, where this deed has been committed by a parent as a result of the coincidence of grave living circumstances caused by the loss of means of subsistence or the absence of the place of residence.

Article 151.¹. Retail Sale of Alcoholic Products to Minors

Retail sale of alcoholic products to minors if such act has been committed repeatedly -shall be punishable with a fine in a size of up to eighty thousand roubles or in a size of the earnings or other income of the convict for a period of up to six months, or with corrective labour for a term of up to one year with or without deprivation of the right to hold certain posts or to be engaged in certain activity for a term of up to three years.

Note. Retail sale of alcoholic products to a minor made by a person repeatedly, shall be deemed to be retail sale of alcoholic product to a minor if such person has been brought to administrative responsibility for an analogous action within one hundred and eighty days.

Article 152. Abolished Article 153. Switching a Child

Switching a child out of mercenary or other base motives -

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to five years, with a fine in an amount of up to 200 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to 18 months.

Article 154. Illegal Adoption

Illegal adoption of children, placement of them under guardianship, transfer of them for upbringing to foster families, committed repeatedly or out of mercenary motives,

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 40 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to three months, or by compulsory works for a term of up to 360 hours, or by corrective labour for a term of up to one year, or by arrest for a term of up to six months.

Article 155. Disclosure of the Secret of an Adoption

Disclosure of the secret of adoption contrary to the will of the adopter, committed by a person who is dutybound to preserve the fact of adoption as an official or professional secret, or by any other person out of mercenary or other base motives,

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 80 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to six months, or by compulsory works for a term of up to 360 hours, or by corrective labour for a term of up to one year, or by arrest for a term of four months, with disqualification from holding specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years, or permanent disqualification.

Article 156. Failure to Discharge the Duties of Bringing up a Minor

Failure to discharge or improper discharging of the duties of bringing up a minor by a parent or by any other person charged with these duties, or by a teacher or other worker of an educational, medical, or other establishment which is duty-bound to exercise surveillance over a minor if this deed is associated with the cruel treatment of the minor,

shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to one hundred thousand roubles or in the amount of a wage/salary or other income of the convicted person for a period of up to one year or with obligatory labour for a period of up to four hundred and forty hours, or with corrective labour for a period of up to two years, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to three years with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a period of up to five years or without such, or with deprivation of freedom for a term of up to three years with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a period of up to five years or without such.

Article 157. Malicious Evasion of the Payment of Money for the Maintenance of Children or Physically Disabled Parents

1. Malicious evasion by a parent of court-ordered child support for minors, or for disabled children who have reached 18 years of age,

shall be punishable by corrective labour for a term of up to one year, or by compulsory labour for the same term, or by an arrest for a term of up to three months, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to one year.

2. Malicious evasion by able-bodied children having come of age of the payment of money, pursant to a court decision for the maintenance of physically disabled parents,

Section VIII. Crimes in the Sphere of Economics
Chapter 21. Crimes Against Property

Article 158. Theft

1. Theft, that is, the secret larceny of other people's property, -

shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 80 thousand roubles, or in the amount of a wage/salary or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to six months, or by obligatory labour for a term of up to three hundred and sixty hours, or by corrective labour for a term of up to one year, or by restriction of liberty for a term of up to two years, or by compulsory works for a term of up to two years, or by an arrest for a term of up to four months, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to two years.

2. Theft committed:

a) by a group of persons by previous concert;

b) with an illegal entry into premises or any other storehouse;

c) with the infliction of considerable damage to a person,

d) from clothes, the bag or any other hand luggage the victim has -

shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 200 thousand roubles, or in the amount of a wage/salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period up to 18 months, or by obligatory labour for a term of up to 480 hours, or by corrective labour for a term of up to two years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years with restraint of liberty for a term of up to one year or without such, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to five years with restraint of liberty for a term of up to one year or without such.

3. Theft committed:

a) with house-breaking;

b) from a crude-oil pipeline, oil-products pipeline, or gas pipeline;

c) on a large scale,

shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of from 100 thousand to 500 thousand roubles or in the amount of the wage or other income of the convicted person for a period of from one to three years, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to five years with restraint of liberty for a term of up to one year and a half or without such, or with deprivation of freedom for a term of up to six years with a fine in an amount of up to 80 thousand roubles or in the amount of the wage or other income of the convicted person for a period of up to six months or without such and with restriction of liberty for a term of up to a year and a half or without such.

4. Theft committed:

a) by an organised group;

b) on an especially large scale -

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to ten years with or without a fine in the amount of up to one million roubles or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to five years and with restriction of liberty for a term of up to two years or without such.

Notes. 1. In the Articles of this Code, larceny means the unlawful, uncompensated seizure and/or appropriation of other people's property, committed with a mercenary purpose by a guilty person or by other persons, which has caused damage to the owner or any other proprietor of this property;

2. Considerable damage caused to a citizen in the Articles of this Code shall be determinable subject to the property status thereof but it may not constitute less than 2 500 roubles.

3. Premises in the Articles of this Chapter shall mean buildings and constructions, regardless of property forms, intended for temporary visits of people or placement of material values for industrial or other official purposes.

By storage in the Articles of this Chapter shall be understood utility premises isolated from residential structures, plots of a territory, pipelines or other installations irrespective of the forms of ownership that are intended for permanent or temporary storing of material values.

4. As a gross amount in the Articles of this Chapter shall be recognized the cost of property exceeding 250 thousand roubles, while as an especially gross amount shall be recognized the cost of property exceeding one million roubles.

Article 159. Swindling

1. Swindling, that is, the stealing of other people's property or the acquisition of the right to other people's property by fraud or breach of trust, -

shall be punishable with a fine in the amount of up to 120 thousand roubles, or in the amount of a wage/salary or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to one year, or with obligatory labour for a term of up to three hundred and sixty hours, or by corrective labour for a term of up to one year, or by restriction of liberty for a term of up to two years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to two years, or by an arrest for a term of up to four months, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to two years.

2. Swindling committed by a group of persons by previous concert, as well as with the infliction of considerable damage on an individual -

shall be punishable with a fine in the amount of up to 300 thousand roubles, or in the amount of a wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to two year, or with obligatory labour for a term of up to four hundred and eighty hours, or with corrective labour for a term of up to two years, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to five years with restriction of liberty for a term of up to one year or without such, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to two years with restriction of liberty for a term of up to one year or without such.

3. Swindling committed by a person through his official position, as well as on a large scale -

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of from 100 thousand to 500 thousand roubles or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of from one to three years, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to five years with restriction of liberty for a term of up to two years or without such, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to six years, with or without a fine in an amount of up to 10 thousand roubles or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person, for a period of up to one month and with restriction of liberty for a term of up to a year and a half or without such.

4. Swindling committed by an organised group or on an especially large scale -

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to ten years with or without a fine in an amount of up to one million roubles or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to three years and with restriction of liberty for a term of up to two years or without such.

Article 160. Misappropriation or Embezzlement

1. Misappropriation or embezzlement, that is, the stealing of other people's property entrusted to the convicted person,

shall be punishable with a fine in the amount of up to 120 thousand roubles, or in the amount of a wage/salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to one year, or with obligatory labour for a term of up to two hundred and forty hours, or with corrective labour for a term of up to six months, or with restriction of liberty for a term of up to two years, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to two years, or with deprivation of liberty for the same term.

2. The same deeds committed by a group of persons by previous concert, as well as with the infliction of considerable damage to an individual, -

shall be punishable with a fine in the amount of up to 300 thousand roubles, or in the amount of a wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to two year, or with obligatory labour for a term of up to three hundred and sixty hours, or with corrective labour for a term of up to one year, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to five years with restriction of liberty for a term of up to one year or without such, or with deprivation of liberty for a term of up to five years with restriction of liberty for a term of up to one year or without such.

3. The same deeds committed by a person through his official position, as well as on a large scale:

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of from 100 thousand to 500 thousand roubles or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of from one to three years, or by deprivation of the right to hold specific offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to five years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years with restraint of liberty for a term of up to one year and a half or without such, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to six years, with or without a fine in the amount of up to 10 thousand roubles or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to one month and with restriction of liberty for a term of up to a year and a half or without such.

4. The deeds provided for by Parts One, Two or Three of this Article, which are committed by an organised group or on an especially large scale -

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to ten years with or without a fine in the amount of up to one million roubles or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to three years and with restriction of liberty for a term of up to two years or without such.

Article 161. Robbery

1. Robbery, that is, the open stealing of other people's property,

shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of up to four hundred and eighty hours, or by corrective labour for a term of up to two years, or by restriction of liberty for a term of two to four years, or by an arrest for a term of up to six months, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to four years.

2. Robbery committed:

a) by a group of persons by previous concert;

b) abolished

c) with illegal entry into a home, premises, or any other storehouse;

d) with the use of coercion that is not dangerous to human life or health, or with the threat of use of such coercion;

e) on an especially large scale, -

shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to seven years, with a fine in the amount of up to 10 thousand roubles, or in the amount of a wage/salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to one month, or without any fine and with restriction of liberty for a term of up to one year or without such.

3. Robbery committed:

a) by an organised group;

b) on an especially large scale, -

c) abolished

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of from six to twelve years, with or without a fine in the amount of up to one million roubles or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to five years and with restriction of liberty for a term of up to two years or without such.

Article 162. Robbery

committed with violence which threatens human life and health or with the threat of using such violence, -

shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to eight years with a fine in the amount of up to five hundred thousand roubles or in the amount of a wage/salary, or other income of the convicted person for a period of up to three years or without such.

2. Robbery committed by a group of persons by previous concert, as well as with the use of weapons or objects used as weapons, -

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to ten years, with a fine in the amount of up to one million roubles or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to five years or without such and with restriction of liberty for a term of up to two years or without such.

3. Robbery committed with illegal entry into a home, premises or other warehouse or on a large scale -

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of from seven to 12 years, with or without a fine in the amount of up to one million roubles or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to five years and with restriction of liberty for a term of up to two years or without such.

4. Robbery committed:

a) by an organised group;

b) in an especially large scale;

c) with the infliction of major damage to the victim's health -

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of from eight to 15 years with or without a fine in the amount of up one million roubles or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to five years and with restriction of liberty for a term of up to two years or without such.

Article 163. Extortion

1. Extortion, that is, the demand that other people's property or their right to property should be transferred, or that other acts of a property nature should be performed under threat of violence or of destruction or damage of other people's property, and also under the threat of dissemination of information that defames the victim or his relatives, or of any other information which may cause substantial harm to the rights or legitimate interests of the victim or his relatives,

Shall be punishable by restraint of liberty for a term of up to four years or by arrest for a term of up to six months, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to four years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to four years with restraint of liberty for a term of up to two years or without such, with a fine in an amount of up to 80 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to six months, or without any fine.

2. Extortion committed:

a) by a group of persons by previous concert;

b) abolished

c) with violence;

d) on a large scale, -

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to seven years, with or without a fine in an amount of up to 500 thousand roubles or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to three years and with restriction of liberty for a term of up to two years or without such.

3. Extortion committed:

a) by an organised group;

b) for the purpose of obtaining property on an especially large scale;

c) with the infliction of grave injury to the victim's health, -

d) abolished

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of from seven to fifteen years, with or without a fine in an amount of up to one million roubles or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to five years and with restriction of liberty for a term of up to two years or without such.

Article 164. Stealing of Objects of Exceptional Value

1. Stealing of objects or documents of exceptional historical, scientific, artistic, or cultural value, regardless of the method of misappropriation,

shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years with restriction of liberty for a term of up to one year or without such, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to ten years, with a fine in the amount of up to 500 thousand roubles or in the amount of a wage/salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to three years and with restriction of liberty for a term of up to one year or without such.

2. The same deed:

a) committed by a group of persons by previous concert, or by an organised group;

b) abolished

c) entailing the destruction, spoilage, or ruin of the objects or documents referred to in the first part of this Article,

shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to fifteen years, with or without a fine in an amount of up to 50 thousand roubles or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to three years and with restriction of liberty for a term of up to two years or without such.

Article 165. Infliction of Property Damage Through Deception or Abuse of Confidence

1. Infliction of property damage upon the owner or other possessor of property through deception or abuse of confidence where there is no evidence of embezzlement on a large scale

shall be punishable with a fine in the amount of up to 300 thousand roubles, or in the amount of a wage/ salary or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to two year, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to two years with restraint of liberty for a term of up to one year or without such, or with deprivation of liberty for a term of up to two years with a fine in the amount of up to eighty thousand roubles or in the amount of a wage/ salary, or other income of the convicted person for a period of up to six months or without such and with restraint of liberty for a term of up to one year or without such.

2. The deed provided for by Part One of this article:

a) made by a group of persons by previous concert or by an organized group;

b) that has inflicted damage on a large scale -

shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years with restraint of liberty for a term of up to two years or without such or with deprivation of liberty for a term of up to five year accompanied by a fine in the amount of up to eighty thousand roubles or in the amount of a wage/salary, or other income of the convicted person for a period of up to six months or without such and by restraint of liberty for a term of up to two years or without such.

Article 166. Unlawful Occupancy of a Car or Any Other Transport Vehicle Without the Purpose of Stealing

1. Unlawful occupancy of a car or of any other transport vehicle, without the purpose of stealing (hijacking),

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 120 thousand roubles or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to one year, or by restraint of liberty for a term of up to three years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years, or by arrest for a term of upto six months, or deprivation of liberty for a term of up to five years.

2. The same deed committed:

a) by a group of persons by previous concert;

b) abolished

c) with the use of violence without danger to human life or health or with the threat of using such violence,

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 200 thousand roubles or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to 18 months, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to five years, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to seven years.

3. Deeds provided for the first or second part of this Article, and committed by an organised group or causing especially large-scale damage, -

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to ten years.

4. Deeds provided for by the first, second, or third parts of this Article, and committed with the use of violence with danger to human life and health, or with the threat of using such violence, -

shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to twelve years.

Article 167. Wilful Destruction or Damage of Property

1. Wilful destruction or damage of other people's property, if these acts involved the infliction of considerable damage,

shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 40 thousand roubles, or in the amount of a wage/salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to three months, or with obligatory labour for a term of up to three hundred and sixty hours, or with corrective labour for a term of up to one year, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to two years, or with an arrest for a term of up to three months, or with deprivation of liberty for a term of up to two years.

2. The same acts committed through hooligan motives by means of fire , explosion, or by any other generally dangerous method, and entailing by negligence the death of a man or any other grave consequences,

shall be punishable with compulsory labour for a term of up to five years or with deprivation of liberty for the same term.

Article 168. Destruction or Damage of Property by Negligence

Destruction or damage of other people's property on a large scale, committed by the careless treatment of fire or of other sources of increased danger -

shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 120 thousand roubles, or in the amount of a wage/salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to one year, or with obligatory labour for a term of up to four hundred and eighty hours, or with corrective labour for a term of up to two years, or with restriction of liberty for a term of up to one year, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to one year, or with deprivation of liberty for the same term.

Chapter 22. Crimes in the Sphere of Economic Activity

Article 169. Obstruction of Legal Business or Other Activity

1. Unlawful refusal of state registration of an individual businessman or of a juridical person or avoiding their registration, unlawful refusal of the issuance of a special permit (licence) for the conduct of a certain activity or avoiding its issuance, limitation of rights and legal interests of an individual businessman or of a juridical person depending on the organisational-legal form, and also illegal limitation of independence or other illegal interference in the activity of an individual businessman or of a juridical person if these acts are committed by an official with the use of his official position, -

shall be punishable with a fine in an amount from two hundred thousand to five hundred thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period up to 18 months, or by disqualification from holding specific offices or engaging in specified activities for a term up to three years, with a fine in an amount up to 80 thousand roubles or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period up to six months, or by compulsory works for a term of up to 360 hours.

2. The same acts, committed in contravention of a judicial decision that has come into legal force, and also causing large-scale damage,

shall be punishable by deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or engage in specified activities for a term of three to five years with a fine in the amount of up to two hundred and fifty thousand roubles, or in the amount of a wage/salary or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to one year, or with obligatory labour for a term of up to four hundred and eighty hours, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to three year, or with an arrest for a term up to six months, or with deprivation of liberty for a term up to three years.

Note. In the Articles of this Chapter, save for Articles 174, 174.¹, 178, 185 - 185.⁶, 193, 194, 198, 199 and 199.¹ large scale, major damage, income or debt shall mean the cost, damage, income or debt in an amount exceeding one million five hundred thousand roubles, and an especially large scale shall mean six million roubles.

Article 170. Registration of Illegal Land Transactions

Knowing registration of unlawful land transactions, distortion of data in the state immovable property cadastre, and also the wilful understatement of land payments, if these acts have been committed out of mercenary or any other personal interest by an office-bearer through his official position,

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 80 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to six months, or by disqualification from holding specific offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years, or by compulsory works for a term of up to 360 hours.

Article 170.^1. Falsifying the Comprehensive State Register of Legal Entities, a Register of Owners of Securities or a Depositary Record-Keeping System

1. Provision of documents containing deliberately false information to a body in charge of state registration of legal entities and individual entrepreneurs or an organisation responsible for keeping record of rights to securities, for the purpose of entering in the comprehensive state register of legal entities, a register of owners of securities or a depositary record-keeping system unreliable information about the founders (stakeholders) of a legal entity, the amounts and face value of their stakes in the charter capital of a company, the registered owners of registered securities, the number, face value and category of registered securities, on encumbrances on a security or stake, the person that manages a security or stakes assigned in line of succession, the head of the permanent executive body of a legal entity or another person entitled to act on behalf of a legal entity without a power of attorney or for other purposes aimed at acquiring a right to another person's assets

shall be punished with a fine of from 100,000 to 300,000 roubles, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to two years, or imprisonment for a term of up to two years with a fine of up to 100,000 roubles or in the amount of wages or other income of the convict for a period of up to six months or without it.

2. The entry of deliberately unreliable information in a register of owners of securities or in a depositary record-keeping system by means of illegal access to the register of owners of securities or the depositary record-keeping system

shall be punishable with restraint of liberty for a term of up to two years, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to two years, or with deprivation of liberty for the same term accompanied by a fine in the amount of up to three hundred thousand roubles, or in the amount of a wage/salary or other income of the convicted person for a period of up to two years or without such.

3. The act envisaged by Part 2 of the present article, if it involved violence or a threat of violence -

shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of three to seven years with a fine in the amount of up to 500 000 roubles or in the amount of a wage/salary or other income of the convicted person for a period of up to three years or without such.

Article 171. Illegal Enterprise

1. Exercising business activities without registration or without a licence where such licence is obligatory, if this deed has inflicted a major damage upon citizens, organisations or the State or is connected with deriving profits on a large scale -

2. The same deed:

a) committed by an organised group;

b) attended by profit-making on a especially large scale, -

c) abolished

Shall be punishable with a fine in the amount of from 100 thousand to 500 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of from one to three years, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to five years, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of five years, with a fine in the amount up to 80 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of six months, or without any fine.

Article 171.^1. Production, Purchase, Storage, Transportation or Sale of Unmarked Goods and Products

1. Large scale production, purchase, storage, or transportation with the aim of the sale of unmarked goods and products subject to mandatory marking with excise tax marks, by special marks, or marks of conformance, forgery-proof, if perpetrated on a large scale, -

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 200 thousand roubles, or in the amount of salary or any other income of the convicted person earned over the period of up to 18 months, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to three years, or by the deprivation of liberty for a term of up to three years with a fine in an amount of up to 80 thousand roubles or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to six months.

2. The same deeds, if committed

a) by an organised group;

b) abolished

c) on a specially large scale, -

shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of from 100 thousand to 300 thousand roubles or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of from one to two years, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to five years, or by the deprivation of liberty for a period of up to six years with or without a fine in the amount of up to one million roubles or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to five years.

Note. Abolished

Article 171.^2. Illegal Organising and Conducting Games of Chance

1. The organising and conducting games of chance with the use of games equipment outside of the games zone, or with the use of information-telecommunication networks, including the Internet, as well as of the means of communication, including mobile communication, or without a permit for the performance of an activity involved in organising and conducting games of chance in the games zone, obtained in accordance with the established procedure, which are connected with deriving a large income, -

- are punished by a fine in an amount of up to five hundred roubles or in an amount of the wages or of a different income of a convict for the period from one to three years, or by compulsory labour for a term of from 180 to 240 hours, or by the restriction of freedom for a term of up to four years, or by the deprivation of freedom for a term of up to three years.

2. The same actions:

a) connected with deriving a particularly large income;

b) committed by an organised group, -

- are punished by a fine in an amount of up to one million roubles or in an amount of the wages or a different income of a convict for a period of up to five years, or by the deprivation of freedom for a term of up to six years, or by a fine in an amount of up to five hundred roubles, or in an amount of the wages or of a different income of a convict for a period of up to three years or without such, and with the deprivation of the right to occupy certain posts or to engage in a certain activity for a time term of up to five years or without such.

Article 172. Illegal Banking Activity

1. Engaging in banking activity (banking operations) without registration or without a special permit (license), in cases where such permit (license) is obligatory, if this deed has caused large-scale damage to individuals, organisations, or the State, or is attended by profit-making on a large scale,

shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of from 100 thousand to 300 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of from one to two years, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to four years, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to four years, with a fine in the amount of up to 80 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to six months, or without any fine.

2. The same deed:

a) committed by an organised group;

b) attended by profit-making in an especially large amount, -

c) abolished

shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to seven years, with or without a fine in the amount of up to one million roubles or in the amount of a wage/ salary or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to five years.

Article 173. Abrogated.

Article 173.^1. Unlawful Establishment (Creation, Re-Organisation) of a Legal Entity

1. The establishment (creation, re-organisation) of a legal entity through fictitious persons -

shall be punishable with a fine in the amount of one hundred thousand to three hundred thousand roubles or in the amount of a wage or other income of the convicted person for a period of seven months to one year or by compulsory labour for a term up to three years, or by the deprivation of liberty for the same time period.

2. The same deeds made:

a) by a person through the use of the official position thereof;

b) by a group of persons by previous concert -

shall be punishable by a fine in the amount of three hundred thousand to five hundred thousand roubles or in the amount of a wage or other income of the convicted person for a period from one year to three years, or by compulsory labour for a term of one hundred and eighty to two hundred and forty hours, or by deprivation of liberty for a term up to five years.

Note. Fictitious persons mean in this article the persons which are the founders of (participants in) a legal entity or the managerial bodies of a legal entity through whose misleading the legal entity was established (created, re-organised).

Article 173.^2. Unlawful Use of Documents for Establishing (Creating, Re-Organising) a Legal Entity

1. Presentation of the document certifying the identity or issuance of a letter of attorney, if these actions are made for establishing (creating, re-organising) a legal entity for the purpose of committing one or several crimes connected with financial operations or transactions in monetary assets or other property - shall be punishable by a fine in the amount of one hundred thousand to three hundred thousand roubles or in the amount of a wage or other income of the convicted person for a period of seven months to a year, or by compulsory labour for a term of one hundred and eighty to two hundred and forty hours, or by corrective labour for a term up to two years.

2. Acquisition of the document certifying the identity or use of illegally obtained personal data, if these deeds are made for establishing (creating, re-organising) a legal entity for the purpose of committing one or several crimes connected with financial operations or transactions in monetary assets or other property - shall be punishable by a fine in the amount of three hundred to five hundred thousand roubles or in the amount of a wage or other income of the convicted person for a period of one year to three years, or by compulsory labour for a term up to three years, or by deprivation of liberty for the same time period.

Note. Acquisition of the document certifying the identity means in this article its obtainment on an onerous or gratuitous basis, appropriation of the document identifying the identity that has been found or stolen, as well as its abstraction through deception or abuse of confidence.

Article 174. The Legalisation (Laundering) of Funds and Other Property Acquired by Other Persons Illegaly

1. The accomplishment of financial transactions and other transactions in monetary funds or other property knowingly acquired by other persons illegaly (except for the offences stipulated by Articles 193, 194, 198, 199, 199.¹ and 199.² of this Code), for the purpose of bringing the appearance of legality to the possession, use and disposal of said monetary funds or other property -

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 120 thousand roubles or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to one year.

2. The same deed committed on a large scale -

Shall be punishable with a fine in the amount of from 100 thousand to 300 thousand roubles or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of one to two years, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to four years, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to four years with or without a fine in the amount of up to 100 thousand roubles or in the amount of the wage or salary or other income of the convicted person for a period of up to six months and by restriction of liberty for a term of up to one year or without such.

3. The deed provided for by Part Two of this Article committed:

a) by a group of persons by previous concert;

b) by a person thorough his official position -

shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years with restraint of liberty for a term of up to two years or without such, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to five years with or without a fine in the amount of up to 500 000 roubles or in the amount of a wage/salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to three years and with restraint of liberty for a term of up to two years or without such.

4. The deeds stipulated by Parts 2 or 3 of this Article committed by an organised group -shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to seven years with or without a fine in the amount of up to one million roubles or in the amount of a wage/ salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to five years and with restriction of liberty for a term of up to two years or without such.

Note. Large-scale financial transactions and other transactions in monetary funds or other property in this Article, as well as in Article 174.¹ of this Code, shall mean financial transactions and other transactions in monetary or other property made in an amount exceeding six million roubles.

Article 174.^1. The Legalisation (Laundering) of Monetary Funds or Other Property Acquired by a Person as a Result of an Offence Committed by Him/Her

1. Making large-scale financial transactions and other deals in monetary funds or other property acquired by a person as a result of his/her having committed an offence (except for the offences stipulated by Articles 193, 194, 198, 199, 199.¹ and 199.² of this Code) for the purpose of maintaining the facade that he/she rightfully possesses, uses and disposes of the cited monetary funds or other property -

shall be punishable with a fine in an amount from 100 thousand to 300 thousand roubles or in the amount of the wage or salary, or other income of the convicted person for a period from one to two years, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to three years, or by deprivation of liberty for a period up to three years with a fine in the amount up to 100 thousand roubles or in the amount of the wage or salary or other income of the convicted person for a period up to six months or without such.

2. The deeds provided for by Part One of this Article which are committed:

a) by a group of persons by previous concert;

b) by a person through his/her official position -

shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years, or by deprivation of liberty for the same term with a fine in the amount of up to five hundred thousand roubles, or in the amount of a wage/salary or other income of the convicted person for a period of up to three years or without such.

3. The deeds provided for by Parts One or Two of this Article which have been committed by an organised group of persons -

shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to seven years with a fine in the amount of up to one million roubles, or in the amount of a wage/salary or other income of the convicted person for a period of up to five years or without such.

Article 175. Acquisition or Sale of Property, Knowingly Obtained in a Criminal Manner

1. Acquisition or sale of property, knowingly obtained in a criminal manner,

shall be punishable with a fine in an amount up to 40 thousand roubles, or in the amount of a wage/salary or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to three months, or with obligatory labour for a term of up to two years, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to two years, or with deprivation of liberty for the same term.

2. The same acts committed:

a) by a group of persons by previous concert;

b) with respect to oil and products of its processing, a motor vehicle or other property on a large scale -

c) abolished

Shall be punishable by restraint of liberty for a term of up to three years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years, or by arrest for a term of up to six months, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to five years, with a fine in the amount of 80 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to six months.

3. The acts stipulated by the first or second part of this Article, and committed by an organised group or a person using his official position,

shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years with restraint of liberty for a term of up to two years or without such or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to seven years with a fine in the amount of up to eighty thousand roubles or in the amount of a wage/salary or other income of the convicted person for a period of up to six months and with restraint of liberty for a term of up to two years or without such.

Article 176. Illegal Receipt of Credits

1. The receipt by an individual businessman or an organisation manager of a credit or of favorable credit terms by means of knowingly submitting to a bank or any other creditor false information about the economic position or the financial condition of the individual businessman or organisation, if this act has caused large-scale damage,

shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 200 thousand roubles, or in the amount of a wage/salary or any other income of the convicted person for a period up to 18 months, or with obligatory labour for a term of up to 480 hours, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to five years, or with an arrest for a term of up to six months, or with deprivation of liberty for a term up to five years.

2. Illegal receipt of a state special-purpose credits, and also their use not for the direct designation, if these deeds have caused large-scale damage to individuals, organisations, or the State,

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of from 100 thousand to 300 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of one to two years, or by restrain of liberty for a term of one year to three years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years, or by deprivation of liberty for the same term.

Article 177. Deliberate Evasion of the Repayment of Debts

Deliberate evasion by an organisation's manager or an individual of the repayment of debts of a large size, or from the payment for securities, after the entry into legal force of an appropriate court judgement,

shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 200 thousand roubles, or in the amount of a wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period up to 18, or with obligatory labour for a term of up to 480 hours, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to two years, or with an arrest for a term of up to six months, or with deprivation of liberty for a term of up to two years.

Note: Abolished

Article 178. Exclusion, Restriction or Elimination of Competition

1. Exclusion, restriction or elimination of competition by means of making by competing economic agents an agreement (cartel) restricting competition, or repeated abuse of a dominant position expressed in establishing and/or maintaining a monopolistically high or monopolistically low price of a commodity, a groundless refusal or avoidance of concluding an agreement, or restricting access to the market if such actions have inflicted serious damage to citizen, organisations or the state or have entailed the receipt of a large income -

shall be punishable with a fine of three hundred thousand to five hundred thousand roubles or in the size of the wages or another income of the convict for a period of one year to two years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to three years with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices and to engage in specified activities for a term of up to one year or without such, or with deprivation of freedom for a term of up to three years with or without deprivation of the right to occupy certain posts or to engage in a certain activity of up to one year.

2. The same actions:

a) committed by a person with the use of his official position;

b) attended by destruction or damage of another's property

or by a threat of its destruction or damage, in the absence of any indicia of extortion;

c) which have caused especially large damage or have entailed the drawing of an income in an especially large size -

shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices and to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such, or by deprivation of freedom for a term of up to six years with or without a fine in the amount of up to one million roubles or in the amount of a wage/salary or other income of the convicted person for a period of up to five years with or without deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or engage in specified activities for a term of one year to three years.

3. The actions stipulated by Parts One or Two of this Article committed with the use of violence or with a threat of using it -

shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices and to engage in specified activities for a term of one year to three years or by deprivation of freedom for a term of up to seven years with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices and to engage in specified activities for a term of one year to three years.

Notes. 1. An income in a large size in this Article shall be deemed to be an income whose amount exceeds five million roubles, and an income in an especially large size - twenty-five million roubles.

2. Large damage in this Article shall be deemed to be damage whose amount exceeds one million roubles, and especially large damage - three million roubles.

Federal Law No. 401-FZ of December 6, 2011 amended Note 3 to Article 178 of this Code. The amendments shall enter into force upon the expiry of 30 days from the date when the said Federal Law is officially published

3. A person who has committed the crime stipulated by this Article shall be relieved from criminal responsibility if they have facilitated the clearance of the crime, have compensated for the damage caused or in some other way have made up losses caused as a result of the actions stipulated by this Article, unless their actions do not contain another the corpus delicti.

4. A repeated abuse of the dominant position shall be deemed to be the commission by a person of an abuse of the dominant position more than twice during three years for which such person was brought to administrative responsibility.

Article 179. Compulsion to Complete a Transaction or to Refuse to Complete It

1. Compulsion to complete a transaction or to refuse to complete it under threat of violence, destruction or damage of other people's property, and also under the threat of spreading information that could cause substantial harm to the rights and legally-protected interests of the victim or his relatives, in the absence of elements of extortion,

shall be punishable by a fine in the amount of up to three hundred thousand roubles or in the amount of a wage/salary or other income of the convicted person for a period of up to two years, or by restraint of liberty for a term of up to two years, or by arrest for a term of up to six months, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to two years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to two years, with a fine in the amount up to 80 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to six months, or without any fine.

2. The same act committed

a) abolished

b) with the use of violence;

c) by an organised group,

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to ten years.

Article 180. Illegal Use of a Trademark

1. Illegal use of a trademark or service mark, name of the place of origin of goods, or similar designations for homogeneous goods, if this deed has been committed repeatedly or has caused substantial damage,

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 200 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period up to 18, or by compulsory works for a term of up to 480 hours, or by corrective labour for a term of up to two years.

2. Illegal use of special marking in respect to a trademark which is not registered in the Russian Federation, or the name of the place of origin of goods, if this deed has been committed repeatedly or has inflicted sizable damage,

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 120 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to one year, or by compulsory works for a term of up to 360 hours, or by corrective labour for a term of up to one year.

3. The actions specified in Parts 1 or 2 of the present article committed by a group of persons by previous concert or by an organised group, -

shall be punishable by a fine in the amount of five hundred thousand to one million roubles or in the amount of a wage/salary or other income of the convicted person for a period of three to five years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years, or by deprivation of freedom for a period of up to six years with a fine in the amount of up to 500 thousand roubles or in the amount of a wage/salary or other income of the convicted person for a period of up to three years or without such.

Article 181. Violation of the Rules for the Manufacture and Use of State Assay Marks

1. The non-sanctioned manufacture, sale or use, or forgery of a state assay mark, prompted by mercenary or any other personal interests,

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 200 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to 18 months, or by corrective labour for a term of up to two years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to three years, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to three years.

2. The same acts committed by an organised group,

shall be punishable by a fine in the amount of two hundred thousand to five hundred thousand roubles or in the amount of a wage/salary or other income of the convicted person for a period of eighteen months to three years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years, or by deprivation of liberty for the same term.

Article 182. Abolished

Article 183. The Illegal Receipt and Disclosure of Information Classified as a Commercial, Tax or Banking Secret

1. The gathering of information classified as a commercial, tax or banking secret, by means of stealing documents, bribery and threats as well as in other illegal ways -

shall be punishable with a fine in the amount of up to 80 thousand roubles or in the amount of the convicted person's wage/salary or other income for a period of one to six months, or by corrective labour for a term of up to one year, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to two years, or by imprisonment for the same term.

2. The illegal disclosure or use of information classified as a commercial, tax or banking secret, without the consent of the owner thereof by a person to whom it is entrusted or became known in the line of service or work -

shall be punishable with a fine in the amount of up to 120 thousand roubles or in the amount of a wage/salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to one year with deprivation of the right to occupy specified offices or engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years, or by corrective labour for a term of up to two years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to three years, or by imprisonment for the same term.

3. The same actions which have inflicted large-scale harm or which have been committed with a mercenary interest -

shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 200 thousand roubles or in the amount of a wage/salary or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to 18 months, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to five years, or with imprisonment for the same term.

4. The actions specified in Parts 2 or 3 of the present article which have caused grave consequences -

shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to seven years.

Article 184. Bribery of Participants and Organisers of Professional Sports and Entertainment Profit-making Competitions

1. Bribery of athletes, referees, coaches, team leaders, and other participants or organisers of professional sport competitions, and also organisers or jurymen of profit-making entertainment competitions, with the purpose of exerting influence on the results of these competitions or contests,

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 200 thousand roubles or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to 18 months, or by compulsory works for a term of up to 360 hours, or by corrective labour for a term up to twelve months, or by arrest for a term of up to three months.

2. The same deed committed by an organised group,

shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of 100 thousand to 300 thousand roubles or in the amount of a wage/salary or any other income of the convicted person for a period of one to two years, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to five years, or with deprivation of liberty for the same term.

3. Illegal receipt by athletes of money, securities, or any other property transferred to them for the purpose of exerting influence on the results of said competitions, and also the illegal use by athletes of property-related services granted to them for the same purposes,

shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 300 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period up to two years, or by disqualification from holding specific offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years, or by arrest for a term of up to six months.

4. Illegal receipt of money, securities, or any other property, illegal use of property-related services by referees, coaches, team leaders, and other participants or organisers of professional sports competitions, and also by organisers or jurymen of profit-making entertainment competitions for the purposes referred to in the third part of this Article,

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of from 100 thousand to 300 thousand roubles or in the amount of the wage or salary or other income of the convicted person for a period of one year to two years, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to two years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to two years with deprivation of the right to occupy specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years, with disqualification from holding specific offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years.

Note. A person who has committed an act stipulated by Parts one or two of this Article shall be relieved from criminal responsibility if he/she was extortioned or voluntarily informed about the bribery the body having the right to initiate a criminal case.

Article 185. Abuse in the Issue of Securities

1. The entry of deliberately unreliable information in a prospectus of securities, the approval or confirmation of a prospectus of an issue or a report (notice) on the results of a securities issue containing deliberately unreliable information, and equally, the floatation of issue securities the issue of which has not undergone state registration, except when the legislation of the Russian Federation on securities does not provide for the state registration of an issue of serial securities, if such actions have inflicted large-scale damage to citizens, organisations or the state -

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of from 100 thousand to 300 thousand roubles or in the amount of the convict's wages/salary or other income for a period of from one to two years or compulsory work of up to 480 hours or correctional work for a term of up to two years.

2. The same actions committed by a group of persons by previous concert or by an organised group -

shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of 100 thousand to 500 thousand roubles or in the amount of a wage/salary or any other income of the convicted person for a period of one to three years, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to three years, or with imprisonment for the same term.

Note. As large scale damage or large-scale income in Articles 185, 185.¹, 185.² and 185.⁴ of this Code shall be deemed damage or income in an amount exceeding one million roubles and as especially large-scale ones - in the amount of two million five hundred roubles.

Article 185.^1. Persistent Refusal to Disclose or Provide Information Required under the Russian Law on Securities

A malicious evasion of disclosure or provision of information defined by the legislation of the Russian Federation on securities or provision of wittingly incomplete or false information, if these deeds have caused large-scale damage to citizens, organisations or the State, -

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 300 thousand roubles or in the amount of the convict's wages/salary or other income for a term of up to two years or compulsory work for a term of up to 480 hours or correctional work for a term of up to two years.

Article 185.^2. Failure to Follow the Procedure for Registration of Rights to Securities

1. A failure to follow the established procedure for registration of rights to securities by a person whose official duties comprise making transactions connected with the registration of rights to securities which has caused a large-scale damage to citizens, organisations or the State -

shall be punishable by a fine in the amount of three hundred thousand to five hundred thousand roubles or in the amount of a wage or other income of the convicted person for a period of two to three years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to two years, or with deprivation of liberty for a term of up to two years with a fine in the amount up to one hundred thousand roubles or in the amount of a wage or other income of the convicted person for a period of up to one year or without such.

2. The deed provided for by Part One of this article which is committed by a group of persons by previous concert, by an organized group or which has caused large-scale damage -

shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years with deprivation of the right to hold specified positions or to exercise specified activities for a term up to three years or without such, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to five years with a fine in the amount of up to 500 thousand roubles or in the amount of a wage/salary or other income of the convicted person for a period up to three years or without such with deprivation of the right to hold specified positions or to exercise specified activities for a term up to three years or without such.

3. The entry of unreliable information in a register of owners of securities, and equally, the deliberate destruction or forgery of the documents serving as the basis for an entry or amendment in the register of owners of securities, if the compulsory storage of these documents is envisaged by the legislation of the Russian Federation

shall be punished with a fine in an amount of up to 300,000 roubles or the amount of wages or another income of the convict for a period from one year to two years or imprisonment for a term of up to two years, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to two years with deprivation of the right to hold specified positions or to exercise specified activities for a term of up to two years or without such, with the deprivation of the right to occupy certain positions or pursue certain activities for the same term with a fine in an amount of up to 100,000 roubles or in the amount of wages or another income of the convict for a period of up to six months or without it.

Article 185.^3. Market Manipulation

1. Market manipulation, i.e. the deliberate dissemination of information known to be false through mass media, including electronic and information telecommunication networks (for instance the internet) or the realisation of transactions in financial instruments, foreign currencies and/or commodities or the other deliberate actions prohibited by the legislation of the Russian Federation on countering the illegal use of inside information and market manipulation if such illegal actions have caused the price of, a demand for, the supply of, or the amount of trading in, financial instruments, foreign currencies and/or commodities to diverge from the level or have been maintained at a level substantially different from the level which would have prevailed without account being taken of aforesaid illegal actions, and also if such actions have inflicted a large-scale actual loss to citizens, organisations or the state or are associated with the receiving of an excessive income or with the avoidance of losses on a large scale -shall be punished with a fine in an amount from 300,000 to 500,000 roubles or an the amount of the wage or another income of the convict for a period from one year to three years, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to four years with deprivation of the right to hold specified positions or to exercise specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such, or imprisonment for a term of up to four years with a fine in an amount of up to 50,000 roubles or in the amount of the wage or another income of the convict for a period of up to three months or without it with deprivation of the right to occupy certain positions or pursue certain activities for a term of up to three years or without it.

2. The wrongdoings which are envisaged by Part 1 of the present article and have been committed by an organised group or have caused especially large-scale actual losses to citizens, organisations or the state or are associated with the receiving of an excessive income or avoidance of especially large scale losses -shall be punishable with a fine in an amount from 500 thousand roubles to 1 million roubles or in the amount of a wage/salary or another income of the convicted person for a period from two to five years, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to five years accompanied by deprivation of the right to hold specified positions or to exercise specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such, or with imprisonment for a term of up to seven years accompanied by a fine in the amount of up to 1 million roubles or in the amount of a wage/salary or another income of the convicted person for a period of up to three years or without such with deprivation of the right to occupy certain positions or pursue certain activities for a term of up to three years or without such.

Notes.

1. In the present article the "large-scale actual losses", "excessive income", "large-scale losses" mean actual losses, an excessive income or losses in an amount exceeding 2,500,000 roubles and "especially large-scale" ones, in an amount exceeding 10,000,000 roubles.

2. In the present article the "excessive income" means an income assessed as the difference between an income which was received as the result of illegal actions and the income which would have been formed without account being taken of the illegal actions envisaged by the present article.

3. In the present article and Article 185.⁶ of the present Code the "avoidance of losses" means the losses which have been avoided by a person as the result of illegal use of inside information and/or market manipulation.

Article 185.^4. Impeding the Exercise or Unlawful Limitation of the Right of Securities Owners

1. Unlawful refusal to call or evading calling a general meeting of securities' owners, an unlawful refusal to register for participation in a general meeting of securities owners the persons entitled to participate in the general meeting, holding a general meeting of securities owners in the absence of the required quorum for it, as well as impeding in some other way the exercise of rights, or unlawful restriction of rights, of owners of serial securities or investment shares of unit investment funds established by the legislation of the Russian Federation, if these deeds have caused citizens, organisations or the State large-scale damage, or are connected with deriving large-scale income -

shall be punishable with a fine in the amount of up to three hundred thousand roubles or in the amount of a wage or other income of a convicted persons for a period of up to two years, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to two years accompanied by deprivation of the right to hold specified positions or to exercise specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such, or with deprivation of liberty for a term of up to two years accompanied by a fine in the amount of up to one hundred thousand roubles or in the amount of the salary or other income of the convicted person for a period up to one year or without such deprivation of the right to hold certain positions or exercise certain activities for a term of up to two years or without such.

2. The same deeds made by a group of persons by previous concert or by an organised group -

shall be punishable by a fine in the amount of three hundred thousand to five hundred thousand or in the amount of the salary or other income of the convicted person for a period of two to three years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years accompanied by deprivation of the right to hold specified positions or to exercise specified activities for a term up to three years or without such, or with deprivation of liberty for a term of up to five years accompanied by deprivation of the right to hold certain positions or to exercise certain activities for a term of up to three years or without such.

Article 185.^5. Falsifying a Decision of a General Meeting of Shareholders (Stakeholders) of a Company or a Decision of the Board of Directors (Supervisory Board) of a Company

1. A deliberate distortion of the results of voting or obstruction of the free realisation of a right in the course of decision-taking at a general meeting of shareholders or a general meeting of stakeholders of a limited (supplementary) liability company or a meeting of the board of directors (supervisory board) of a company by means of the entry in the minutes of the general meeting, in an excerpt from the minutes, in the minutes of the meeting of the board of directors (supervisory board), and equally, in other documents reflecting the course and results of voting of deliberately unreliable information about the number of the persons who voted, the quorum or the results of voting by means of drawing up a deliberately unreliable list of persons entitled to attend the general meeting, a deliberately unreliable count of votes or record of ballots, blocking or limiting the actual access of a shareholder (stakeholder) of the company or a member of the board of directors (supervisory board) to voting, a default on provision of information about the general meeting of shareholders (stakeholders) or the meeting of the board of directors (supervisory board) or the provision of unreliable information about the time and place of the general meeting or the meeting of the board of directors (supervisory board), the voting on behalf of a shareholder (stakeholder) of the company or a member of the board of directors (supervisory board) under a deliberately false power of attorney, of a person known to lack powers, as committed for the purpose of illegally getting control of the legal entity by means of taking an illegal decision on amending the charter of the company or on approval of a large-scale transaction or on approval of a deal in the conclusion of which someone is interested or on changing the composition of the managerial bodies of the company (the board of directors, the sole or collective executive body of the company) or on election of its members and early termination of their powers or on selection of a managing organisation or manager or increase in the charter capital of the company by means floatation of supplementary shares or reorganisation or liquidation of the company

shall be punished with a fine in an amount of up to 300,000 roubles or in an amount of wages or another income of the convict for a period from one year to two years with deprivation of the right to occupy certain positions or pursue certain activities for a term of from six months to three years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to tow years, or imprisonment for a term of up to two years with a fine in an amount of up to 300,000 roubles or in the amount of wages or other income of the convict for a period from two to three years or without it.

2. The same acts if committed through coercion of a shareholder of a company, a stakeholder of a limited (supplementary) liability company, a member of the board of directors (supervisory board) of a company to vote in a certain manner or to refuse to vote, joint with blackmail, and equally, with a threat of the use of violence or destruction or damage of another person's assets

shall be punished with a fine in an amount of from 100 thousand to 500 thousand roubles, or in the amount of a wage/salary or other income of the convicted person for a period from one year to three years, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to five years, or with imprisonment for a term of up to five years with a fine in an amount from 100 thousand to 300 thousand roubles or in the amount of a wage/salary or another income of the convicted person for a period from one year to three years.

Article 186. The Making, Custody, Carriage or Sale of Counterfeit Banknotes or Securities

1. Manufacture, for the purpose of marketing, of forged banknotes of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, metal coins, state securities or other securities in the currency of the Russian Federation or of foreign currency or securities in foreign currency, as well as the custody, carriage for the purpose of marketing and marketing of knowingly forged banknotes of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, metal coins, state securities or other securities in the currency of the Russian Federation or of foreign currency or securities in foreign currency -

shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to eight years accompanied by a fine in the amount of up to one million roubles or in the amount of a wage/ salary or other income of the convicted persons for a period of up to five years or without such.

2. The same acts committed on a large scale, -

shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to twelve years, with or without a fine in an amount of up to one million roubles or in the amount of the wage or salary or other income of the convicted person for a period of up to five years and with restriction of liberty for a term of up to one year or without such.

3. Acts provided for by the first or second part of this Article and committed by an organised group,

shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to fifteen years, with or without a fine in an amount of up to one million roubles or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to five years and with restriction of liberty for a term of up to two years or without such.

Article 187. The Making or Sale of Counterfeit Credit or Debit Cards, and Other Payment Documents

1. The making of counterfeit credit or debit cards, and also of other payment documents, which are not securities, with the purpose of their utterance or their sale,

shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to six years accompanied by a fine in the amount of 100 thousand to 300 thousand roubles or in the amount of a wage/salary or other income of the convicted person for a period of one year to two years.

2. The same acts committed by an organised group,

shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to seven years accompanied by a fine in the amount of up to one million roubles or in the amount of a wage/salary or other income of the convicted person for a period of up to five years or without such.

Article 188. Abrogated.

Article 189. Illegal Export from the Russian Federation or Transfer of Raw Stuff, Materials, Equipment, Technology, or of Scientific and Technical Information, or Illegal Carrying Out of Works (Rendering Services) Which May Be Used in the Development of Weapons of Mass Destruction, Armaments, and Military Hardware

1. Illegal export from the Russian Federation or transfer by a person, empowered to exercise foreign economic activity, to a foreign organisation or to its representative raw stuff, materials, equipment, technology, scientific and technical information, or illegal carrying out works (rendering services) by this person for a foreign organisation or for its representative, or illegal rendering to a foreign organisation or its representative services, which are known to said person as those that can be used in the development of armaments and military hardware and in respect of which export control has been established (in the absence of indicia of the crimes provided for by Articles 226.¹ and 275 of the Code), -

shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of 100 thousand to 500 thousand roubles, or in the amount of a wage/salary or any other income of the convicted person for a period of one year to three years, or with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or engage in specified activities for a term of up to five years, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to three years, or with deprivation of liberty for the same term.

2. The same deeds committed by a group of persons by previous concert, -

shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years accompanied by deprivation of the right to hold specified posts or engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to five years accompanied by deprivation of the right to hold specified posts or to exercise specified types of activity for a term of up to three years.

3. The deeds provided for by Part One of this Article, which have been committed by an organised group of persons in respect of raw stuffs, materials, equipment, technology, scientific and technical information, and works (services) which are known to a person empowered to exercise foreign economic activity, as those that can be used in the development of weapons of mass destruction or means of delivery thereof and in respect of which export control has been established, -

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of from three to seven years with a fine in an amount of up to one million roubles or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to five years or without such.

Note. A person empowered to exercise foreign economic activity, shall mean in this Article the head of a legal entity established in compliance with the laws of the Russian Federation and having a permanent location on the territory of the Russian Federation, as well as a natural person having a permanent residence on the territory of the Russian Federation and registered on the territory of the Russian Federation as an individual businessman.

Article 190. Non-Return to the Territory of the Russian Federation of Items of the Artistic, Historical, and Archaeological Heritage of the Peoples of the Russian Federation or of Foreign Countries

Non-return to the territory of the Russian Federation within the fixed time of items of artistic, historical, or archaeological heritage of the Peoples of the Russian Federation and foreign countries, taken beyond its confines, if such return is mandatory in keeping with the laws of the Russian Federation,

Article 191. Illegal Turnover of Precious Metals, Natural Precious Stones and Pearls

1. Making a transaction connected with precious metals, natural precious stones or pearls in defiance of the rules established by the legislation of the Russian Federation, as well as unlawful storage, transportation or sending of precious metals, natural precious stones or pearls in any form or condition, except for jewelry, household goods and scrap of such goods, effected on a large scale -

shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years, or by deprivation of liberty for the same term accompanied by a fine in the amount of up to five hundred thousand roubles or in the amount of a wage/salary or other income of the convicted person for a period of up to three years or without such.

2. The same deeds made by an organised group or by a group of persons by previous concert -

Article 192. Violation of the Rules for Handing over Precious Metals and Precious Stones to the State

Evasion of the obligatory delivery of precious metals and precious stones for assesment or compulsory sale to the State after they have been extracted from the earth or from recycled resources, or picked up or found, if this act has been committed on a large scale,

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 200 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period up to 18 months, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years, or by arrest for a term of up to six months, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to three years. Note: Abolished

Article 193. Non-return of Funds in Foreign Currency from Abroad

Non-return from abroad of funds in foreign currency by the manager of an organisation, required to be transferred without fail to accounts in the authorized banks of the Russian Federation in accordance with its laws,

shall be punishable by restrain of liberty for a term of up to three years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to three years, or by deprivation of liberty for the same term.

Note: The act envisaged by this Article shall be deemed to be committed on a large scale if the sum of the non-returned funds in foreign currency exceeds thirty million roubles.

Article 194. Evasion of Customs Payments Collected from Organisations or Natural Person

1. The evasion of customs payments collected from organisations or natural person committed on a large scale

shall be punishable by a fine in the amount of 100 thousand to 500 thousand roubles or in the amount of a wage/salary or other income of the convicted person for a period of one year to three years, or by obligatory labour for a term of up to 480 hours, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to two years, or by deprivation of liberty for the same term.

2. The same deed committed:

a) by a group of persons by prior conspiracy;

b) abolished

c) abolished

d) on especially large scale -

shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of 300 thousand to 500 thousand roubles or in the amount of a wage/salary or any other income of the convicted person for a period of two to three years, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to five years accompanied by deprivation of the right to hold specified posts or engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such, or with deprivation of liberty for a term of up to five years accompanied by deprivation of right to hold specified posts or engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such.

3. The deeds provided for by Parts One or Two of this article which are made:

a) by an official through the use of the official position thereof;

b) with the use of violence with respect to the person exercising customs or border control

shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of five to ten years accompanied by a fine in the amount of up to one million roubles or in the amount of a wage/salary or other income of the convicted person for a term of up to five years or without such and by restraint of liberty for a term of up to one year and a half or without such.

4. The deeds provided for by Parts Two or Three of this article made by an organised group -

shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of seven to twelve years with a fine in the amount of up to one million roubles or in the amount of a wage/salary or other income of the convicted person for a period of up to five years or without such and with restraint of liberty for a term of up to two years or without such.

Note. The evasion of customs payments shall be deemed effected on a large scale, if the sum of non-paid customs payments to be collected from a natural person exceeds one million roubles and the one to be collected from organizations exceeds two million roubles, and on an especially large scale, if the sum of non-paid customs payments to be collected from a natural person exceeds three million roubles and to be collected from organisations exceeds ten million roubles.

Article 195. Unlawful Actions in Case of Bankruptcy

1. Concealment of property, property rights or property liabilities, of information about property, its size, location, or of other information about property, property rights or property liabilities, cession of property to other persons' ownership, alienation or destruction of property, as well as concealment or falsification of accounting and other records reflecting the economic activity of a legal entity or an individual businessman, if these actions have been committed in the presence of signs of bankruptcy, and have caused large-scale damage,

shall be punishable by a fine in the amount of one hundred thousand to five hundred thousand roubles or in the amount of a wage/salary or other income of the convicted person for a period of one year to three years, or by restriction of liberty for a term of up to two years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to three years, or by arrest for a term of up to six months, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to three years, with a fine in an amount of up to 200,000 roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to 18 months or without such.

2. Unlawful satisfaction of property claims of particular creditors at the expense of the property of a debtor legal entity by the manager of the legal entity, or by its founder (participant), or by an individual businessman, knowingly effected to the detriment of other creditors, if these actions have been committed in the presence of signs of bankruptcy and caused large-scale damage,

shall be punishable by a fine in the amount of up to three hundred thousand roubles or in the amount of a wage/salary or other income of the convicted person for a period of up to three years, or by restriction of liberty for a term of up to one year, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to one year, or by arrest for a term of up to four months, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to one year, with a fine in an amount up to 80,000 roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to six months, or without any fine.

3. Unlawful opposition to the activities of an administrator or the provisional administration of a credit or other financial institution, including the avoidance of, or refusal to effect, the transfer to an administrator or to the provisional administration of a credit or other financial institution of the documents required for discharging the duties imposed on them, or of the property possessed by a legal entity, in particular by a credit or other financial institution, in the instances when the functions of the head of the legal entity, in particular of the credit or other financial institution, are transferred accordingly to the administrator or to the head of the provisional administration of the credit or other financial institution, if these actions (omission to act) have caused large-scale damage -

shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 200 thousand roubles, or in the amount of a wage/salary or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to eighteen months, or with obligatory labour for a term of up to 480 hours, or with correctional labour for a term of up to two years, or with compulsory work for a term of up to three years, or with an arrest for a term of up to six months, or with deprivation of liberty for a term of up to three years.

Article 196. Deliberate Bankruptcy

Deliberate bankruptcy, that is, the committing by the head or founder (participant) of a legal entity or by an individual businessman of actions (or their omission to act), knowingly entailing an inability of the legal entity or the individual businessman to satisfy in full creditors' claims under pecuniary obligations and (or) to discharge the duty of making obligatory payments, if these actions have caused large-scale damage, -

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of from 200,000 to 500,000 roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of one to three years, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to five years, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to six years with a fine in an amount of up to 200,000 roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to eighteen months, or without any fine.

Article 197. Fictitious Bankruptcy

Fictitious bankruptcy, that is, a knowingly false public declaration by the manager or founder (participant) of a legal entity that this legal entity is insolvent, as well as by an individual businessman about his insolvency, if this deed has caused large-scale damage, -

Shall be punishable with a fine in the amount of from 100 thousand to 300 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of from one to two years, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to five years, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to six years, with a fine in the amount of up to 80 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to six months, or without any fine.

Article 198. Evasion by a Natural Person of Paying a Tax and (or) a Fee

1. The evasion by a natural person of paying taxes and (or) fees by way of his failure to submit a tax declaration or other documents whose submission is obligatory under the laws of the Russian Federation on taxes and fees or by showing in the tax declaration or such documents data known to be false made on a large scale -

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of from 100 thousand to 300 thousand roubles or in the amount of the wage or salary, or other income of the convicted person for a period from one to two years, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to one year, or by arrest for a period of up to six months, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to one year.

2. The same deed committed on an especially large scale -

shall be punishable with a fine in the amount of 200 thousand to 500 thousand roubles or in the amount of a wage/salary or other income of the convicted person for a period of eighteen months to three years, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to three years, or with deprivation of liberty for the same term.

Notes. 1. A large amount in this Article means an amount of taxes and (or) fees totalling within the period of three consecutive financial years over 600,000 roubles, provided that the share of unpaid taxes and (or) fees exceeds 10 per cent of the payable amount of taxes and (or) fees, or exceeding one million eight hundred thousand roubles, while an especially large amount means an amount totaling, within a period of three consecutive financial years, over three million roubles, provided that the share of unpaid taxes and (or) fees exceeds 20 per cent of the payable amount of taxes and (or) fees, or exceeding nine million roubles.

2. The person who has committed for the first time the crime provided for by this Article shall be discharged from criminal liability if he/she has paid in full the amount of arrears and appropriate penalties, as well as the sum of the fine at the rate fixed in compliance with the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.

On the Simplified Procedure for Declaring Incomes by Natural Persons, see Federal Law No. 269-FZ of December 30, 2006

Article 199. Evading Payment of Taxes and (or) Fees Collectible from Organisations

1. Evasion from paying taxes and fees collectible from organisations by way of failing to submit a tax declaration or other documents whose submission is obligatory under the laws of the Russian Federation on taxes and fees, or by way of including into the tax declaration or such documents wittingly false data, committed on a large scale -

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of from 100 thousand to 300 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of one to two years, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to two years accompanied by deprivation of the right to hold specified posts or engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such, or by arrest for a term of up to six months, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to two years, with or without deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years.

2. The same deed committed:

a) by a group of persons by previous concert;

b) on an especially large scale -

shall be punishable by a fine in the amount of 200 thousand to 500 thousand roubles or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of one to three years, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to five years accompanied by deprivation of the right to hold specified posts or engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to six years, with or without deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years.

Notes. 1. A large amount in this Article, as well as in Article 199.¹ of this Code, means the amount of taxes and (or) fees totalling within the period of three financial years running over two million roubles, provided that the share of unpaid taxes and (or) fees exceeds 10 per cent of the payable amount of taxes and (or) fees, or exceeding six million roubles, while an especially large amount means an amount totalling within a period of three consecutive financial years over ten million roubles, provided that the share of unpaid taxes and (or) fees exceeds 20 per cent of the payable amount of taxes and (or) fees, or exceeding thirty million roubles.

2. The person who has committed for the first time the crime provided for by this article, as well as by Article 199.¹ of this Code, shall be discharged from criminal liability, if this person or the organisation in respect of which the avoidance of paying taxes and/or fees, recovered from it, is imputed to this person, has paid in full the amount of arrears and appropriate penalties, as well as the sum of the fine at the rate fixed in compliance with the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.

Article 199.^1. A Tax Agent's Failure to Discharge His/Her Duties

1. A tax agent's failure to discharge, in personal interests, his/her duties as regards the calculation, deduction or remittance of taxes and (or) fees subject, under the laws of the Russian Federation on taxes and fees, to calculation, deduction from taxpayers and remittance to an appropriate budget (extra-budgetary fund) committed on a large scale -

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of from 100 thousand to 300 thousand roubles or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of one to two years, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to two years accompanied by deprivation of the right to hold specified posts or engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such, or by an arrest for a term of up to six months, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to two years with or without deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years.

2. The same deed committed on an especially large scale -

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of 200 thousand to 500 thousand roubles or in the amount of the wage or salary, or other income of the convicted person for a period of two to five years, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to five years accompanied by deprivation of the right to hold specified posts or engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to six years with or without deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years.

Article 199.^2. Concealment of Monetary Funds or Property of an Organisation or Individual Businessman against Which the Recovery of Taxes and (or) Fees Is Levied

Concealment of monetary funds or property of an organisation or individual businessman from which in the procedure provided for by the laws of the Russian Federation on taxes and fees arrears of taxes and (or) fees have to be deducted, made by the proprietor or the head of the organisation, or any other person exercising managerial functions in this organisation, or by an individual businessman on a large scale -

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of 200 thousand to 500 thousand roubles or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of from 18 months to three years, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to five years accompanied by deprivation of the right to hold specified posts or engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to five years with or without deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years.

Article 200. Abolished

Chapter 23. Crimes Against the Interests of Service in Profit-making and Other Organisations

Article 201. Abuse of Authority

1. The use of authority by a person discharging managerial functions in a profit-making or any other organisation in defiance of the lawful interests of this organisation and for the purpose of deriving benefits and advantages for himself or for other persons or for the purpose of inflicting harm on other persons, if this deed has involved the infliction of substantial damage on the rights and lawful interests of individuals or organisations or on the legally-protected interests of the society or the State,

shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 200 thousand roubles, or in the amount of a wage/salary or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to 18 months, or with obligatory labour for a term of up to 480 hours, or with corrective labour for a term of up to two years, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to four years, or with an arrest for a term of up to six months, or with deprivation of liberty for a term of up to four years.

2. The same deed, which has involved grave consequences,

shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of one million roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to five years or without such, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to five years accompanied by deprivation of the right to hold specified posts or engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to ten years accompanied by deprivation of the right to hold certain offices or to be engaged in certain kinds of activities for a term of up to three years.

Note. 1. As the person exercising managerial functions in a profit-making or other organisation, as well as in an non-profit organisaition which is not a state body, local self-government body, state or municipal institution, shall be deemed in the articles of this Chapter, as well as in Articles 199.² and 304 of this Code, the person engaged in the exercise of the functions of the one-man executive body, of a member of the board of directors or other collective executive body, as well as the person who exercises organisational-and-administrative or administrative-and-maintenance functions in these organisations.

2. If a deed stipulated by this Article or by other Articles of this Chapter has caused harm to the interests of an exclusively profit-making organisation that is not a governmental or municipal enterprise, then prosecution shall be instituted upon the application of this organisation, or with its consent.

3. If a deed envisaged by this Article or by other Articles of this Chapter has caused harm to the interests of other organisations, or to the interests of individuals, society, or the State, then prosecution shall be instituted on general grounds.

Article 202. Abuse of Authority by Private Notaries and Auditors

1. The use by a private notary or a private auditor of his authority, contrary to his duty and for the purpose of deriving benefits and advantages for himself or for other persons, or of inflicting harm on other persons, if this deed has caused substantial damage to the rights and lawful interests of individuals or organisations or to the legally-protected interests of society and the State,

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of from 100 thousand to 300 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of one to two years, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to three years accompanied by deprivation of the right to hold specified posts or engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such, or by arrest for a term of up to six months, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to three years, with disqualification from holding specific offices or engaging in specified activities for a term of up to three years.

2. The same act, committed in respect of an obvious minor or a legally incapable person,

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of 100 thousand to 500 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of one to three years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years accompanied by deprivation of the right to hold specified posts or engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such, or by arrest for a term of up to six months, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to five years, with disqualification from holding specific offices or engaging in specified activities for a term of up to three years.

Article 203. Exceeding of Authority by a Private Detective or an Employee of a Private Security Guard Organisation Who Holds the Identification Card of a Private Security Guard When They Discharge Their Official Duties

1. A private detective or an employee of a private security guard organisation holding the identification card of a private security guard taking actions which are beyond the scope of authority thereof established by the legislation of the Russian Federation regulating the exercise of private security guard and detective activities and which have entailed a major violation of the rights and legitimate interests of citizens and/or organisations or contempt of the interests of the society or the State, -

shall be punishable by a fine in the amount from one hundred thousand to three hundred thousand roubles or in the amount of the labour wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for the period from one year to two years, or by restraint of liberty for a term of up to two years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to two years accompanied by deprivation of right to hold specified posts or engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to two years accompanied by deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to two years.

2. The same deed done with the use of force or with the threat of using it, or with the use of arms or with the treat of using them which has entailed grave consequences, -

shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to seven years accompanied by deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or engage in specified activities for a term up to three years.

Federal Law No. 97-FZ of May 4, 2011 reworded Article 204 of this Code

Article 204. Bribery in a Profit-making Organisation

1. The illegal transfer of money, securities or any other assets to a person who discharges managerial functions in a profit-making or any other organisation, and likewise unlawful rendering of property-related services, granting other property rights to him/her for commission of actions (inaction) in the interests of the giver, in connection with the official position held by this person -

shall be punishable by a fine in an amount which is from ten times to fifty times as much as the sum of commercial subornation or bribe with deprivation of the right to hold specific offices or engage in specified activities for a term of up to two years, or by restraint of liberty for a term of up to two years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to three years, or by deprivation of liberty for the same term.

2. The deeds provided for by part one of this article, if they are:

b) committed for wittingly unlawful actions (omission to act) -

shall be punishable with a fine in an amount which is from forty times to seventy times as much as the sum of commercial subornation with disqualification from holding specific offices or engaging in specified activities for a term up to three years, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to four years, or with arrest for a term from three to six months, or with deprivation of liberty for a term up to six years.

3. The illegal receipt of money, securities or any other assets by a person who discharges managerial functions in a profit-making or any other organisation, and likewise the illegal use of property-related services or exercise of other property rights for commission of actions (inaction) in the interests of the giver, in connection with the official position held by this person,

shall be punishable with a fine in an amount which is from fifteen times to seventy times as much as the sum of commercial subornation with disqualification from holding specific offices, or deprivation of the right to be engaged in specific activity for a term of up to three years, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to five years with deprivation of the right to hold specific offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such, or with deprivation of liberty for a term of up to seven years accompanied by a fine in the amount of up to forty times as much as the sum of commercial subornation.

4. The deeds provided for by the third part of this Article, if they are:

a) committed by a group of persons by previous concert, or by an organised group;

b) attended by extortion of the subject of subornation,

c) made for unlawful actions (inaction) -

shall be punishable with a fine which is from fifty times to ninety times as much as the sum of commercial subornation with disqualification from holding specific offices or engaging in specified activities for a term up to three years, or with deprivation of liberty for a term up to twelve years accompanied by a fine in an amount which is fifty times as much as the sum of commercial subornation.

Note: A person who has committed the deeds stipulated in the first or second part of this Article shall be relieved of criminal liability if he/she has been active in assisting to the crime's clearing and/or investigation, or if this person has been subjected to extortion or the person has voluntarily informed the body that has the right to institute proceedings in a criminal case about subornation.

Section IX. Crimes Against Public Security and Public Order
Chapter 24. Crimes Against Public

Security Article 205. Act of Terrorism

1. The carrying out of an explosion, arson or other actions intimidating the population, and creating the threat of human death, of infliction of significant property damage or the onset of other grave consequences, for the purpose of influencing the taking of a decision by authorities or international organisations, and also the threat of commission of the said actions for the same purposes -

shall be punishable by a term of imprisonment of eight to fifteen years.

2. The same actions:

a) committed by a group of persons in preliminary conclusion or by an organised group;

b) which have, by negligence, entailed the death of a person;

c) which have entailed the causing of considerable property damage or the ensuing of other grave consequences -

shall be punishable with deprivation of freedom for a term of ten to twenty years and with restriction of liberty for a term of from one year to two years.

3. Acts stipulated by Parts one or two of this Article if they:

a) entail encroachment on installations of the use of atomic energy or with the use of nuclear materials or of sources of radioactive radiation or venomous, poisonous, toxic or hazardous chemical or biological substances;

b) have entailed intentional causing of death to a person -

- shall be punishable with deprivation of freedom for a term of fifteen to twenty years with restriction of liberty for a term of from one year to two years or with deprivation of freedom for life.

Note: A person who has taken part in the preparation of a terrorist act shall be released from criminal liability if he facilitated the prevention of the terrorist act by timely warning governmental bodies, or by any other method, unless the actions of this person contain a different corpus delicti.

See Federal Law No. 35-FZ of March 6, 2006 on Counteraction against Terrorism

Article 205.^1. Contributing to Terrorist Activity

1. The soliciting, recruiting or other involvement of a person for committing any of the crimes envisaged by Articles 205, 206, 208, 211, 277, 278, 279 and 360 of the present Code, the arming or training of a person for the purpose of committing any of the said crimes, and equally the financing of terrorism -

shall be punishable by a term of imprisonment of five to ten years with a fine in the amount up to five hundred thousand roubles or in an amount of a wage or other income of the convicted person for a period up to three years or without such.

2. The same acts committed by a person through the abuse of his/her office -

shall be punishable by a term of imprisonment from eight to fifteen years with a fine in the amount of five hundred thousand to one million roubles or in the amount of a wage or other income of the convicted person for a period of three to five years or without such.

3. Accessory in making the crime provided for by Article 205 of this Code -shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of eight to twenty years.

Notes 1. In the present Code "the financing of terrorism" means the provision or raising of funds or the provision of financial services in the knowledge of their being intended for financing an organisation, for preparing or committing at least one of the crimes envisaged by Articles 205, 205.1, 205.2, 206, 208, 211, 220, 221, 277, 278, 279 and 360 of the present Code or for supporting an organised group, illegal armed formation, criminal community (criminal organisation) formed or being formed to commit any of the said crimes.

1.1. Accessory in this article means willful assistance to making a crime by way of advising, giving instructions, providing information, means or tools for making the crime or removal of obstacles for making it, as well as a promise to hide a criminal, means or tools for making the crime, traces of the crime or articles obtained in a criminal way, as well as a promise to acquire or sell such articles.

2. A person that has committed a crime set out in the present article shall be relieved from criminal liability if by a timely notice to authorities or otherwise the person assisted in the prevention or stopping the crime financed and/or contributed to by the person, unless the person's actions contain another corpus delicti.

Article 205.^2. Public Calls for Committing of Terrorist Activity or Public Justification of Terrorism

1. Public calls for the commission of terrorist activity or public justification of terrorism -Shall be punishable with a fine of up to five hundred thousand roubles or in the amount of a wage or other income of the convicted person for the period up to three years, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to four years, or deprivation of liberty for a term of two to five years.

2. The same acts committed through the use of the mass media -

shall be punishable with a fine of three hundred thousand roubles to one million roubles or in the amount of the convict's wage or other income thereof for the period of three to five years, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to five years with deprivation of the right to hold specific offices or engage in specified activities for a term of up to five years or without such, or deprivation of liberty for a term up to seven years with prohibition from certain offices/positions or from pursuance of a certain activity for a term up to five years.

Note. In the present article "the public justification of terrorism" means a public statement on the recognition of the ideology or practices of terrorism as correct, and in need of support and a following.

Article 206. Hostage-Taking

1. The capture or detention of a hostage committed to compel the State, an organisation, or an individual to perform or to abstain from taking any action as a condition for the release of the hostage,

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of five to ten years.

2. The same deeds committed:

a) by a group of persons by previous concert;

b) abolished

c) with the use of violence posing a danger to human life and health;

d) with the use of arms or objects used as arms;

e) against an obvious minor;

f) against a woman in a state of pregnancy obvious to the convicted person;

g) against two or more persons;

h) out of mercenary motives or by hire,

shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of six to fifteen years with restriction of liberty for a term of from one year to two years.

3. Deeds provided for by the first or second part of this Article, if they have been committed by an organised group or have involved by negligence the death of a person, or any other grave consequences,

shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of eight to twenty years with restriction of liberty for a term of from one year to two years.

4. Acts stipulated by Parts one or two of this Article if they have entailed intentional causing of death to a person -

shall be punishable with deprivation of freedom for a term of fifteen to twenty years with restriction of liberty for a term of from one year to two years or with deprivation of freedom for life.

Note: A person who released a hostage voluntarily or at the demand of the authorities shall be relieved from criminal liability, unless his actions contain a different corpus delicti.

Article 207. Knowingly Making a False Communication About an Act of Terrorism

A knowingly false communication about an impending explosion, act of arson, or any other action creating a danger of killing people, inflicting sizable damage to property, or entailing other socially hazardous consequences,

shall be punishable with a fine in the amount of up to 200 thousand roubles, or in the amount of a wage/salary or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to 18 months, or with obligatory labour for a term of up to 480 hours, or with corrective labour for a term of one year to two years, or with restraint of liberty for a term of up to three years, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to three years, or with an arrest for a term of three to six months, or with deprivation of liberty for a term of up to three years.

Article 208. Organisation of an Illegal Armed Formation, or Participation in It

1. Creation of an armed formation (unit, squad, or any other group) that is not envisaged by a federal law, and likewise operating of such a formation, or the financing thereof -

shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of two to seven years with restriction of liberty for a term of up to two years.

2. Participation in an armed formation that is not provided for by a federal law

shall be punishable by restriction of liberty for a term of up to three years, or by arrest for a term of up to six months, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to five years with restriction of liberty for a term of up to one year.

Note: A person who has ceased to take part in an illegal armed formation of his own free will, and has handed in his weapons, shall be released from criminal liability unless his actions contain a different corpus delicti.

Article 209. Banditry

1. Creation of a stable armed group (crew) with the aim of assaulting individuals or organisations, and also operation of such a group (crew),

shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to 15 years, with or without a fine in an amount of up to one million roubles or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to five years and with restriction of liberty for a term of from one year to two years.

2. Participation in a stable armed group (crew), or in its assaults,

shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of from eight to 15 years, with or without a fine in an amount of up to one million roubles or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to five years and with restriction of liberty for a term of up to one year.

3. Acts provided for by the first or second part of this Article and committed by a person through his official position,

shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of 12 to 20 years, with or without a fine in an amount of up to one million roubles or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to five years and with restriction of liberty for a term of from one year to two years.

Article 210. Creation of a Criminal Community (Criminal Organisation) and Participation Therein

1. Creation of a criminal community (criminal organisation) for the purpose of joint committing one or several grave or especially grave crimes or operation of such a community (organisation) or of its structural subdivisions, as well as coordination of criminal actions, establishment of stable relations between various independent organised groups, development of plans and creation of conditions for committing crimes by such groups or division of spheres of influence and criminal incomes between them made by a person by way of exerting influence thereof upon the participants of the organised groups, as well as participation in a meeting of organisers, heads (leaders) or other representatives of organised groups for the purpose of committing at least one of the cited crimes -

shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of twelve to twenty years, with a fine in the amount of up to one million roubles or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to five years or without such and with restriction of liberty for a term of from one year to two years.

2. Participation in a criminal community (criminal organisation) or in an association of organisers, leaders or other representatives of organised groups,

shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of five to ten years with a fine in an amount of up to 500 thousand roubles or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to three years or without such and with restriction of liberty for a term of up to one year.

3. Acts provided for by the first or second part of this Article, and committed by a person through his/her official position,

shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of 15 to 20 years, with a fine in an amount of up to one million roubles or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to five years or without such and with restriction of liberty for a term of from one year to two years.

4. The deeds provided for by Part One of this Article which have been made by the person holding the supreme position in a criminal hierarchy,

shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of fifteen to twenty years or by life imprisonment.

Note. A person who has voluntarily ceased to participate in a criminal community (criminal organisation) or a structural subdivision forming part of it, or in a meeting of organisers, heads (leaders) or other representatives of organised groups and who has actively contributed to the solution or suppression of these crimes, shall be released from criminal liability, if his/her actions do not contain formal elements of other crime.

Article 211. Hijacking of an Aircraft, a Sea-going Ship, or a Railway Train

1. Hijacking of an aircraft, a sea-going ship, a railway train, and likewise seizure of such a ship or train in order to hijack it,

shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of four to eight years with restriction of liberty for a term of up to one year or without such.

2. The same acts committed:

a) by a group of persons by previous concert;

b) abolished

c) with the use of violence threatening human life and health or with the threat of such violence;

d) with the use of arms or objects to be used as arms,

shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of seven to twelve years with restriction of liberty for a term of up to two years.

3. Deeds stipulated in the first or second part of this Article, if they have been committed by an organised group or have involved by negligence the death of a person, or any other grave consequences,

shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of eight to fifteen years with restriction of liberty for a term of from one year to two years.

Article 212. Mass Riots

1. Organisation of mass riots attended by violence, pogroms, arson, the destruction of property, the use of firearms, explosives, or explosive devices, and also armed resistance to government representatives,

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of four to ten years.

2. Participation in mass riots, as provided for by the first part of this Article, Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of three to eight years.

3. Calls to the mass riots provided for by Part One of this article, and likewise calls for violence against citizens,

shall be punishable by restraint of liberty for a term of up to two years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to two years, or by deprivation of liberty for the same term.

Article 213. Hooliganism

1. Hooliganism, that is, a gross violation of the public order manifested in patent contempt of society and attended:

a) by the use of weapons or articles used as weapons;

b) by reason of political, ideological, racial, national or religious hatred -

shall be punishable with a fine in the amount of 300 thousand to 500 thousand roubles or in the amount of a wage/salary or other income of the convicted person for a term of two to three years, or with obligatory labour for a term of up to 480 hours, or with compulsory labour for a term of one to two years, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to five years, or with deprivation of liberty for the same term.

2. The same deed committed by a group of persons by previous concert, or by an organised group, or connected with resistance to a representative of authority or to any other person who fulfills the duty of protecting the public order or who suppresses violation of public order -

shall be punishable by a fine in the amount of 500 thousand to 1 million roubles or in the amount of a wage/salary or other income of the convicted person for a term of three to four years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to seven years.

Article 214. Vandalism

1. Vandalism, that is, the defacement of buildings and other structures, the infliction of damage to property on public transport or in other public places,

shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 40 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to three months, or by compulsory works for a term of up to 360 hours, or by corrective labour for a term of up to one year, or by arrest for a term of up to three months.

2. The same deeds committed by a group of persons and likewise by by reason of political, ideological, racial, national or religious hatred or enmity, or by reason of hatred or enmity with respect to some social group, -

shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of up to three years or by deprivation of liberty for the same term.

Article 215. Violation of Safety Rules in Facilities of Atomic Power Engineering

1. Violation of safety rules during the siting, designing, building, or operating of facilities of atomic power engineering, if this could involve the death of a person or radioactive contamination of the environment,

shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 200 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period up to 18 months, or by restraint of liberty for a term of up to three years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to three years with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such, of by deprivation of liberty for the same term, with disqualification from holding specific offices or engaging in specified activities for a term of up to three years, or without such disqualification.

2. The same deed, which has entailed by negligence the infliction of major damage on a person's health or the death thereof, or radioactive contamination of the environment -

shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to five years with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such.

3. The deed provided for by Part One of this Article which has entailed through negligence the death of two or more persons -

shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to seven years with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such.

Article 215.^1. Termination or Limitation of Electrical Energy Supply or Disconnection from Other Life Support Sources

1. Unlawful termination or limitation of the electrical energy supply to consumers or disconnection of consumers from other life support sources committed by an official or equally by persons performing managerial functions in a commercial or another organisation, if that has entailed through negligence the infliction of major damage or grievous injury on human health or other grave consequences,

shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 200 thousand roubles or in the amount of a wage/salary or other income of the convicted person for a period of up to 18 months, or by restraint of liberty for a term of up to three years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to two years, or by deprivation of freedom for the same term.

2. The same wrongdoings having caused manslaughter,

Article 215.^2. Making Life Support Facilities Inoperable

1. Demolishing or damaging power supply, telecommunication, housing and utility facilities or other life support facilities or making them otherwise inoperable, if such offences are committed for mercenary or hooligan reasons,

shall be punishable with a fine in the amount of 100 thousand to 500 thousand roubles, or in the amount of a wage/salary or other income of the convicted person for a term of one to three years, or with obligatory labour for a term of up to 480 hours, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to two years, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to three years, or with deprivation of liberty for the same term.

2. The same offences committed:

a) by a group of persons by previous concert;

b) abolished

c) by a person through abuse of his/her position/office;

shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to five years with a fine in the amount of up to 80 thousand roubles or in the amount of a wage/salary or other income of the convicted persons for a period of up to six months or without such.

3. The offences specified in Parts 1 and 2 of the present article, as having lead to the reckless death of a man, -

shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to seven years with a fine in the amount of up to eighty thousand roubles or in the amount of a wage/salary or other income of the convicted person for a term of up to six months or without such.

Article 215.^3. Putting of Crude-Oil Pipelines, Oil-Products Pipelines and Gas Pipelines Out of Commission

1. Destruction, damage or putting otherwise into a state unfit for operation of crude-oil pipelines, oil-products pipelines, gas pipelines and also facilities, installations, means of communication, automation or warning system which have entailed or might entail violation of their normal work and were committed for mercenary or hooligan motives -

shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of 400 thousand to 500 thousand roubles or in the amount of a wage/salary or other income of the convicted person for a period of seven months to one year, or with obligatory labour for a term of up to 480 hours, or with corrective labour for a term of up to two years, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to five years, or with deprivation of freedom for the same term.

2. The same actions committed:

a) by a group of persons by previous collusion;

b) with respect to main pipelines -

shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to six years.

3. Actions stipulated by Items 1 or 2 of this Article which have, by negligence, entailed death of a person or other serious consequences -

shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to eight years.

Article 216. Violation of Safety Rules in Mining, Building, and Other Activities

1. Violation of safety rules during mining, building or any other activities, if this has involved by negligence the infliction of grave injury to someone's health or major damage, -

shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 80 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to six years, or by restraint of liberty for a term of up to three years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to three years with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such, or by deprivation of liberty for the same term, with disqualification from holding specific offices or engaging in specified activities for a term of up to three years, or without such disqualification.

2. The same act, which has entailed by negligence the death of a person, -

3. The deed provided for by Part One of this Article which has entailed through negligence the death of two or more persons -

shall be punishable with compulsory labour for a term of up to five years with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to seven years with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such.

Note. Major damage shall mean in the Articles of this Chapter damage in the amount exceeding 500 thousand roubles.

Article 217. Violation of Safety Rules in Explosive Facilities

1. Violation of safety rules in explosive facilities or in explosives shops, if this could cause the death of a person, or has inflicted major damage, -

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 80 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to six months, or by restraint of liberty for a term of up to three years, with disqualification from holding specific offices or engaging in specified activities for a term of up to three years, or without such disqualification.

2. The same deed, which has involved by negligence the death of a person, -

3. The deed provided for by Part One of this Article, which has entailed through negligence the death of two or more persons -

shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to seven years with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such.

Article 217.^1. Failure to Satisfy the Requirements for Ensuring the Safety and Antiterrorist Protection of Fuel and Energy Complex Facilities

1. A failure to satisfy the requirements for ensuring the safety and antiterrorist protection of fuel and energy complex facilities, where this deed has entailed the infliction through negligence of grave harm on human health or has caused a large-scale damage -

shall be punishable with a fine in the amount of eighty thousand roubles or in the amount of wages or other income of the convicted person for a period up to six months, or by restraint of liberty for a term up to three years, or by deprivation of liberty for the same term with disqualification from holding specific offices or engaging in specified activities for a term up to three years, or without such disqualification.

2. The same deed that has entailed a human death through negligence -

shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term up to five years with disqualification from holding specific offices or engaging in specified activities for a term up to three years, or without such disqualification.

3. The deed provided for by Part One of this article that has entailed through negligence the death of two or more persons -

shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term up to seven years with disqualification from holding specific offices or engaging in specified activities for a term up to three years, or without such disqualification.

Note. As large-scale damage in this article shall be deemed the one whose amount exceeds a million roubles.

Article 218. Violation of the Rules for Record-keeping, Storage, Carriage, and Use of Explosive Materials, Highly Inflammable Substances, and Pyrotechnical Articles

Violation of the rules for record-keeping, storage, carriage and use of explosive materials, highly inflammable substances, and pyrotechnical articles, and also illegal transportation of these substances and materials by post or as luggage, if these deeds have involved, by negligence, damage to the health of a person or the death thereof, shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to five years with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such.

Article 219. Failure to Satisfy Fire Safety Requirements

1. Failure of the person responsible for satisfaction of fire safety requirements to satisfy them, if this has involved by negligence the infliction of grave injury to human health,

shall be punishable with a fine in the amount of up to 80 thousand roubles, or in the amount of a wage/salary or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to six months, or with restraint of liberty for a term of up to three years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to three years with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such, or with deprivation of liberty for a term of up to three years with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such.

2. The same deed, which has entailed by negligence the death of a person, -

3. The deed provided for by Part One of this Article which has entailed through negligence the death of two or more persons -

shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to seven years with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such.

Article 220. Illegal Treatment of Nuclear Materials or Radioactive Substances

1. Illegal acquisition, storage, use, transfer, or destruction of nuclear materials or radioactive substances

Shall be punishable by restraint of liberty for a term of up to two years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to two years, or by arrest for a term of up to four months, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to two years.

2. The same acts, which have involved by negligence the death of a person or any other grave consequences,

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to five years.

3. The deeds provided for by Part One of this Article which have entailed through negligence the death of two or more persons -

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to seven years.

Article 221. Stealing or Possession of Nuclear Materials or Radioactive Substances

1. Stealing or possession of nuclear materials or radioactive substances

shall be punishable by a fine in the amount of 100 thousand to 500 thousand roubles or in the amount of a wage/salary or other income of the convicted person for a term of one year to three years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years, or by deprivation of liberty for the same term.

2. The same acts committed:

a) by a group of persons by previous concert;

b) abolished

c) by a person through his official position;

d) with the use of violence with endangering human life or health, or with the threat of applying such violence,

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of four to seven years with restriction of liberty for a term of up to one year or without such.

3. Acts envisaged by the first or second part of this Article, if they have been committed:

a) by an organised group;

b) with the use of violence which is dangerous to human life or health or with the threat of using such violence, -

c) abolished

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of five to ten years, with or without a fine in an amount of up to one million roubles or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to five years and with restriction of liberty for a term of up to one year.

Note: Abolished

Article 222. Illegal Acquisition, Transfer, Sale, Storage, Transportation, or Bearing of Firearms, Its Basic Parts, Ammunition, Explosives, and Explosive Devices

1. Illegal acquisition, transfer, sale, storage, transportation, or bearing of firearms, its basic parts, ammunition, (except for civilian smooth-bore long-barreled firearms, their major components and cartridges for them, limited destruction firearms, their major components and cartridges for them), explosives, or explosive devices -

Shall be punishable by restraint of liberty for a term of up to three years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to four years, or by arrest for a term of up to six months, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to four years, with or without a fine in an amount of up to 80 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to three months.

2. The same acts committed by a group of persons by previous concert, Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of from two to six years.

3. Acts stipulated by the first or second part of this Article, and committed by an organised group,

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of five to eight years.

4. Illegal sale of civilian smooth-bore long-barreled firearms, limited destruction firearms, gas weapons and cold weapons, including missile weapons, -

shall be punishable by obligatory labour for a term of up to 480 hours, or by corrective labour for a term of one year to two years, or by restraint of liberty for a term of up to two years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to two years, or by an arrest for a term of three to six months, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to two years with a fine in the amount of up to 80 thousand roubles, or in the amount of a wage/salary or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to six months or without any fine.

Note: A person who has of his own will handed in the objects referred to in this Article shall be relieved from criminal liability, unless his actions contain another corpus delicti.

There may not be deemed as voluntary handing in of the objects indicated in this Article, as well as in Article 223 of this Code, seizure thereof, when detaining a person, as well as when committing investigative actions aimed at their detection and seizure.

Article 223. Illegal Manufacture of Weapons

Federal Law No. 398-FZ of December 28, 2010 amended part 1 of Article 223 of this Code. The amendments shall enter into force from July 1, 2011

1. The illegal manufacture, remaking or repair of fire arms and of their major components (except for limited destruction firearms), as well as illegal manufacture of munitions, explosives or explosive devices -

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of from three to five years with a fine in the amount of one hundred thousand to two hundred thousand roubles.

2. The same acts committed by a group of persons by previous concert, -Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of from two to six years.

3. Deeds provided for by the first or second part of this Article and committed by an organised group

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of five to eight years.

4. Illegal manufacture, remaking or repair of limited destruction firearms or illegal manufacture of gas weapons, cold steel or missile weapons, as well as illegal manufacture, remaking or loading of cartridges for limited destruction firearms or gas weapons -

shall be punishable by compulsory works for a term of up to 480 hours, or by corrective labour for a term of one to two years, or by restriction of liberty for a term of up to two years, or by deprivation of liberty for a term up to two years with a fine in the amount of fifty thousand to eighty thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage/salary, or other income of the convicted person for a time period up to six months or without such.

Note: A person who has of his own free will handed in the objects referred to in this Article shall be released from criminal liability, unless his actions contain a different corpus delicti.

Article 224. The Careless Keeping of Arms

Careless keeping of firearms, creating the possibility of their use by another person, if this entails grave consequences,

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 40 thousand roubles or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to three months, or by compulsory works for a term of up to 360 hours, or by corrective labour for a term of up to one year, or by restraint of liberty for a term of up to one year, or by arrest for a term of up to six months.

Article 225. Improper Discharge of the Duties of Protecting Arms, Ammunition, Explosives, and Explosive Devices

1. Improper discharge of duties by a person entrusted with the protection of firearms, ammunition, explosives, or explosive devices, if this has entailed their stealing or destruction or the onset of other grave consequences,

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 40 thousand roubles or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to three months, or by restraint of liberty for a term of up to three years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to two years with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such, or by arrest for a term of up to six months, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to two years, with disqualification from holding specific offices or engaging in specified activities for a term of up to three years, or without such disqualification.

2. Improper discharge of the duties related to protecting nuclear, chemical or any other weapons of mass destruction, or materials and equipment which can be used in the development of weapons of mass destruction, if this has involved grave consequences or has created the threat of their onset,

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 120 thousand roubles or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to one year, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such, or by deprivation of liberty for a term up to seven years, with disqualification from holding specific offices or engaging in specified activities for a term of up to three years.

Article 226. Stealing or Possession of Arms, Ammunition, Explosives, and Explosive Devices

1. Stealing or possession of firearms, their components, ammunition, explosives, or explosive devices

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of three to seven years.

2. Stealing or possession of nuclear, chemical or any other weapons of mass destruction, and likewise of materials or equipment which can be used in the development of weapons of mass destruction,-

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of from five to ten years with restriction of liberty for a term of up to one year or without such.

3. The act provided for in the first or second part of this Article, if they have been committed:

a) by a group of persons by previous concert;

b) abolished

c) by a person through his official position;

d) with the use of violence posing a danger to human life or health, or with the threat of using such violence,

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of five to twelve years, with or without a fine in an amount of up to 500 thousand roubles or in the amount of the wage or salary, or other income of the convicted person for a period of up to three years and with restriction of liberty for a term of up to two years or without such.

4. Acts specified in the first, second, or third parts of this Article, if they have been committed:

a) by an organised group;

b) with the use of violence endangering human life and health, or with the threat of using such violence, -

c) abolished

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of eight to fifteen years, with or without a fine in an amount of up to 500 thousand roubles or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to three years and with restriction of liberty for a term of up to one year or without such.

Article 226.^1. Smuggling Superpotent, Poisonous, Toxic, Explosive and Radioactive Substances, Radiation Sources, Nuclear Materials, Firearms or Basic Parts Thereof, Explosive Devices, Munitions, Mass Destruction Weapons, Their Delivery Vehicles, Other Armaments and Other Military Hardware, as Well as the Materials and Equipment That Can Be Used in the Creation of Mass Destruction Weapons, Their Delivery Vehicles, Other Armaments and Other Military Equipment, as Well as Strategic Commodities and Resources or Cultural Valuables

1. Illegal movement across the customs border of the Customs Union within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Community or across the State Border of the Russian Federation with member states of the Customs Union within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Community of superpotent, poisonous, toxic, explosive and radioactive substances, radiation sources, nuclear materials, firearms or basic parts thereof, explosive devices, munitions, mass destruction weapons, their delivery vehicles, other armaments and other military hardware, as well as the materials and equipment that can be used in the creation of mass destruction weapons, their delivery vehicles, other armaments and other military equipment, as well as strategic commodities and resources or cultural valuables, on a large scale -

shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of three to seven years with a fine in the amount of up 1 million roubles or in the amount of a wage/salary or other income of the convicted person for a period of up five years or without such and with restraint of liberty for a term of up to one year or without such.

2. The deed provided for by Part One of this article which is made:

a) by an official through the use of the official position thereof;

b) with the use of violence in respect of the person exercising customs or border control -shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of five to ten years with a fine in the amount of up to 1 million roubles or in the amount of a wage/salary or other income of the convicted person for a term of up to five years and without such and with restraint of liberty for a term of up to one year and a half or without such.

3. The deeds provided for by Parts One and Two of this article made by an organised group -

shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of seven to twelve years with a fine in the amount of up to 1 million roubles or in the amount of a wage/salary or other income of the convicted person for a period of up to five years or without such and with restraint of liberty for a term of up to two years or without such.

Notes. 1. A list of strategic commodities and resources for the purposes of this article shall be endorsed by the Government of the Russian Federation.

2. As a large scale of strategic commodities, resources and cultural valuables shall be deemed in this article their value exceeding 1 million roubles.

Article 227. Piracy

1. Assault on a sea-going ship or a river boat with the aim of capturing other people's property, committed with the use of violence or with the threat of its use,

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of five to ten years.

2. The same act committed with the use of arms or objects used as arms,

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of eight to twelve years, with or without a fine in an amount of up to 500 thousand roubles or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to three years.

3. Acts provided for in the first or second part of this Article, if they have been committed by an organised group or have entailed, by negligence, the death of a person, or any other grave consequences,

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of ten to fifteen years, with or without a fine in an amount of up to 500 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to three years.

Chapter 25. Crimes Against Human Health and Public Morality

Article 228. Illegal Acquisition, Storage, Transportation, Making or Processing of Narcotic Drugs, Psychotropic Substances or Analogues Thereof, as Well as Illegal Acquisition, Storage and Transportation of Plants Containing Narcotics or Psychotropic Substances, or Parts Thereof Containing Narcotics or Psychotropic Substances

Federal Law No. 18-FZ of March 1, 2012 amended part 1 of Article 228 of this Code. The amendments shall enter into force on January 1, 2013

1. Illegal acquisition, storage, transportation, making or processing of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances or analogues thereof on a large scale, as well as illegal acquisition, storage and transportation without the purpose of selling plants containing narcotics or psychotropic substances, or parts thereof containing narcotics or psychotropic substances on a large scale, without the purpose of sale -

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 40 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to three months, or by compulsory works for a term of up to 480 hours, or by corrective labour for a term of up to two years, or by restriction of liberty for a term of up to three years, or by deprivation of liberty for the same term.

Federal Law No. 18-FZ of March 1, 2012 amended part 2 of Article 228 of this Code. The amendments shall enter into force on January 1, 2013

2. The same deeds committed on an especially large scale -

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of three to 10 years with or without a fine in an amount of up to 500 thousand roubles or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to three years.

Federal Law No. 18-FZ of March 1, 2012 supplemented Article 228 of this Code with part 3. The part shall enter into force on January 1, 2013

Note 1. A person guilty of the crime provided for by this Article who has handed in narcotics, psychotropic substances or their analogues, plants containing narcotics or psychotropic substances or parts thereof containing narcotics or psychotropic substances of his/her own free will and who has actively contributed to the uncovering and suppression of crimes connected with the illegal traffic in narcotics, psychotropic substances or their analogues, as well as connected with illegal acquisition, storage and transportation of such plants or parts thereof containing narcotics or psychotropic substances, to the exposure of persons who have committed the crimes, or the discovery of property obtained in a criminal way, shall be released from criminal liability for the given crime. No to be deemed as the voluntary giving of narcotics, psychotropic substances or their analogues, as well as plants containing narcotics or psychotropic substances or parts thereof containing narcotics or psychotropic substances, the seizure of said drugs, substances or their analogues, as well as plants containing narcotics or psychotropic substances or parts thereof containing narcotics or psychotropic substances, when detaining a person and also when committing investigative actions aimed at the detection and seizure of the cited narcotics, psychotropic substances or their analogues, as well as such plants or parts thereof containing narcotics or psychotropic substances.

Federal Law No. 18-FZ of March 1, 2012 amended Note 2 to Article 228 of this Code. The amendments shall enter into force on January 1, 2013

2. Large and especially large amounts of narcotics and psychotropic substances, as well as the large and especially large amounts of plants containing narcotics or psychotropic substances or parts thereof containing narcotics or psychotropic substances, for the purposes of the present Article and also of Articles 228.1, 229 and 229.1 of the present Code shall be approved by the Government of the Russian Federation.

Federal Law No. 18-FZ of March 1, 2012 amended Note 3 to Article 228 of this Code. The amendments shall enter into force on January 1, 2013

3. Large and especially large amounts of the analogues of narcotics and psychotronic substances correspond to the large and especially large amounts of narcotics of psychotronic substances, the analogues of which they are.

Federal Law No. 18-FZ of March 1, 2012 reworded Article 228.¹ of this Code. The new wording shall enter into force on January 1, 2013

Article 228.^1. Illegal Making, Sale or Dispatch of Narcotic Drugs, Psychotropic Substances or Analogues Thereof, as Well as Illegal Sale or Dispatch of Plants Containing Narcotics or Psychotropic Substances, or Parts Thereof Containing Narcotics or Psychotropic Substances

1. Illegal making, sale or dispatch of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances or analogues thereof, as well as illegal sale or dispatch of plants containing narcotics or psychotropic substances or parts thereof containing narcotics or psychotropic substances, -

shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of four to eight years with restriction of liberty for a term of up to one year or without such.

2. The same deeds committed:

a) by a group of persons by previous concert;

b) on a large scale, -

c) abrogated,

shall be punishable by a deprivation of liberty for a term of five to 12 years with or without a fine in an amount of up to 500 thousand roubles or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to three years and with restriction of liberty for a term of up to two years or without such.

3. The deeds provided for by Parts One and Two of this Article which are committed:

a) by an organised group;

b) by a person through his official position;

c) by a person who has reached the age of eighteen years with respect to a minor;

d) on an especially large scale -

Shall be punishable by a deprivation of liberty for a term of eight to 20 years with or without deprivation of the right to hold certain posts or to be engaged in a certain activity for a period of up to twenty years and with or without a fine in an amount of up to one million roubles or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to five years.

Article 228.^2. Violating the Rules of Turnover of Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances

Federal Law No. 18-FZ of March 1, 2012 amended part 1 of Article 228.² of this Code 1. Violating the rules of production, making, processing, storage, registration, serving, sale, distribution, transportation, sending, acquisition, use, importation, exportation or elimination of narcotics, or psychotropic substances, or precursors thereof, tools or equipment used for making narcotics or psychotropic substances which are under special control, entailing their loss, violation of the rules for cultivation of plants containing narcotics, or psychotropic substances, or precursors thereof, for their use for scientific and educational purposes and also in expert activities, as well as violating the rules for storage, registration, sale, transportation, acquisition, use, importation, exportation or elimination of plants containing narcotics, or psychotropic substances, or precursors thereof and of their parts containing narcotics, or psychotropic substances, or precursors thereof, this entailing the loss of such plants or parts thereof, if this deed has been committed by a person in charge of observing said rules -

Federal Law No. 18-FZ of March 1, 2012 amended part 2 of Article 228.² of this Code 2. The same deed committed with mercenary motives or entailing the infliction through negligence of injury on human health or other grave consequences -

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of 100 to 300 thousand roubles or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of one to two years, or by compulsory works for a term of up to 480 hours, or by restriction of liberty for a term of up to three years, or by deprivation of liberty for the same term with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years.

Article 229. Stealing or Exportation of Narcotic Drugs or Psychotropic Substances, as Well as Plants Containing Narcotics or Psychotropic Substances, or Parts Thereof Containing Narcotics or Psychotropic Substances

Federal Law No. 18-FZ of March 1, 2012 amended part 1 of Article 229 of this Code. The amendments shall enter into force on January 1, 2013

1. Stealing or exportation of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances, as well as of plants containing narcotics or psychotropic substances, or parts thereof containing narcotics or psychotropic substances,

shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of three to seven years.

2. The same deeds committed:

a) by a group of persons by previous concert;

b) abolished

c) by a person through his official position;

d) with the use of violence, but without danger to human life or health, or with the threat of using such violence,

Federal Law No. 18-FZ of March 1, 2012 supplemented part 2 of Article 229 of this Code with Item e. The Item shall enter into force on January 1, 2013

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of six to ten years, with or without a fine in an amount of up 500 thousand roubles or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to three years and with restriction of liberty for a term of up to one year or without such.

3. Deeds stipulated in the first or second part of this Article, if they are committed:

a) by an organised group;

b) in respect of large amounts of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances, as well as of plants containing narcotics or psychotropic substances or parts thereof containing narcotics or psychotropic substances;

c) with the use of violence endangering human life or health, or with the threat of using such violence, -

d) abolished

Federal Law No. 18-FZ of March 1, 2012 supplemented Article 229 of this Code with part 4. The part shall enter into force on January 1, 2013

Article 229.^1. Smuggling Narcotic Agents, Psychotropic Substances, Precursors and Analogues Thereof, Plants Containing Narcotic Agents, Psychotropic Substances or Their Precursors, or Parts Thereof Containing Narcotic Agents, Psychotropic Substances or Their Precursors, Instruments or Equipment Which Are under Special Control and Are Used for Making Narcotic Agents or Psychotropic Substances

1. Unlawful movement across the customs border of the Customs Union within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Community or across the State Border of the Russian Federation with member states of the Customs Union within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Community of narcotic agents, psychotropic substances, precursors and analogues thereof, plants containing narcotic agents, psychotropic substances or their precursors, or parts thereof containing narcotic agents, psychotropic substances or their precursors, instruments or equipment which are under special control and are used for making narcotic agents or psychotropic substances -

shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of three to seven years with a fine in the amount of up to one million roubles or in the amount of a wage/salary or other income of the convicted person for a period of up to five years or without such and with restraint of liberty for a term of up to one year or without such.

2. The same deed made:

a) by a group of persons by previous concert;

b) by an official through the use of the official position thereof;

The provisions of Item (c) of Part Two of Article 229.¹ of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (in the wording of this Federal Law) shall apply starting from January 1, 2013

c) in respect of narcotic agents, psychotropic substances or their analogues, plants containing narcotic agents, psychotropic substances or their parts containing narcotic agents or psychotropic substances on a large scale -

shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of five to ten years with a fine in the amount of up to one million roubles or in the amount of a wage/salary or other income of the convicted person for a period of up to five years or without such and with restraint of liberty for a term of up to a year and a half or without such.

Federal Law No. 18-FZ of March 1, 2012 suspended operation of Part Three of Article 229.1 of this Code in respect of precursors of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances, plants containing precursors of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances, or of their parts containing precursors of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances from the date of the said Federal Law's entry into force and up to January 1, 2013

3. The deeds provided for by Parts One or Two of this article made in respect of narcotic agents, psychotropic substances, precursors and analogues thereof, plants containing narcotic agents, psychotropic substances or their precursors, or parts thereof containing narcotic agents, psychotropic substances or their precursors on a large scale -

shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of ten to twenty years with a fine in the amount of up to one million roubles or in the amount of a wage/salary or other income of the convicted person for a period of up to five years or without such and with restraint of liberty for a term of up to two years and a half or without such.

4. The deeds provided for by Parts One, Two or Three of this article made:

a) by an organised group;

Federal Law No. 18-FZ of March 1, 2012 suspended operation of Item b of Part Four of Article 229.1 of this Code in respect of precursors of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances, plants containing precursors of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances, or of their parts containing precursors of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances from the date of the said Federal Law's entry into force and up to January 1, 2013

c) with the use of violence in respect of the person exercising customs or border control -shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of fifteen to twenty years with a fine in the amount of up to one million roubles or in the amount of a wage/salary or other income of the convicted person for a period of up to five years or without such and with restraint of liberty for a term of up to two years and a half or without such or by life imprisonment.

Notes. Abrogated.

Article 230. Inducement to Use Narcotic Drugs or Psychotropic Substances

Federal Law No. 18-FZ of March 1, 2012 amended part 1 of Article 230 of this Code

1. Inducement to use narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances

Shall be punishable by restraint of liberty for a term of up to three years, or by arrest for a term of up to six months, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of three to five years.

Federal Law No. 18-FZ of March 1, 2012 amended part 2 of Article 230 of this Code

2. The same deed committed:

a) by a group of persons by previous concert or by an organised group;

b) abolished

c) have been committed with respect to two or more persons;

d) with the use of violence, or with the threat of its use -

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of five to ten years with restriction of liberty for a term of up to two year or without such.

Federal Law No. 18-FZ of March 1, 2012 amended part 3 of Article 230 of this Code

3. The acts stipulated by Parts one or two of this Article if they:

a) have been committed with respect to a minor;

b) have entailed, by negligence, the death of the victim or other grave consequences -shall be punishable with deprivation of freedom for a term of ten to fifteen years with or without deprivation of the right to hold certain posts or to be engaged in a certain activity for a period of up to twenty years and with restriction of liberty for a term of up to two years or without such.

Note. The operation of this Article shall not extend to instances of popularization, for the purpose of preventing HIV infection and other dangerous infectious diseases, of appropriate tools and equipment usable for consumption of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, where these deeds have been committed by approbation of the executive bodies in charge of health care and of the bodies for control over the turnover of drugs and psychotropic substances.

Article 231. Illegal Cultivation of Plants Containing Narcotics, or Psychotropic Substances, or Precursors Thereof

1. Illegal cultivation on a large scale of plants containing narcotics, or psychotropic substances, or precursors thereof -

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 300 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period up to two years, or by compulsory works for a term of up to 480 hours, or by restriction of liberty for a term of up to two years, or by deprivation of liberty for the same term.

2. The same deeds committed:

a) by a group of persons by previous concert or by an organised group;

b) abolished

c) on a very large scale -

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to eight years with restriction of liberty for a term of up to two years or without such.

Note. A large scale and a very large scale of cultivating plants containing narcotics, or psychotropic substances, or precursors thereof for the purposes of this article, shall be endorsed by the Government of the Russian Federation.

Article 232. Organisation or Maintenance of Dens for Consuming Narcotic or Psychotropic Substances

1. Organisation or maintenance of dens for consuming narcotic or psychotropic substances

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to four years with restriction of liberty for a term of up to one year or without such.

2. The same actions commited by a group of persons in a preliminary collusion -

shall be punishable with deprivation of freedom for a term of two to six years with or without limitation of freedom for a term of up to two years.

3. The actions stipulated by Part one of this Article and committed by an organised group -

shall be punishable with deprivation of freedom for a term of three to seven years with or without limitation of freedom for a term of up to two years.

Article 233. Illegal Issue or Forgery of Prescriptions or Other Documents Entitling Persons to Obtain Narcotic or Psychotropic Substances

Illegal issue or forgery of prescriptions or any other documents that entitle a person to obtain narcotic or psychotropic substances

shall be punishable with a fine in the amount of up to 80 thousand roubles or in the amount of a wage/salary or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to six months, or with obligatory labour for a term of up to three hundred and sixty hours, or with corrective labour for a term of up to one year, or with restraint of liberty for a term of up to two years, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to two years with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such, or with deprivation of liberty with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such.

Article 234. Illegal Traffic in Potent and Toxic Substances for the Purpose of Sale

1. Illegal making, processing, acquisition, storage, transportation, or sending for the purpose of sale, and likewise illegal marketing of potent or toxic substances, which are not narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances, or illegal manufacture of equipment for making or processing such substances,

shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 40 thousand roubles or in the amount of a wage/salary or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to three months, or with obligatory labour for a term of up three hundred and sixty hours, or with corrective labour for a term of up to one year, or with restraint of liberty for a term of up to three years, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to three years, or with deprivation of liberty for the same term.

2. The same acts, committed by a group of persons by previous concert, -

shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 80 thousand roubles or in the amount of a wage/salary or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to six months, or with obligatory labour for a term of up four hundred and eighty hours, or with corrective labour for a term of up to two years, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to five years, or with deprivation of liberty for the same term.

3. Acts provided for by the first or second part of this Article, and committed by an organised group or dealing with potent substances on a large scale,

4. Contravention of the rules for the production, acquisition, storage, record-keeping, issue, transportation, or sending of potent or toxic substances, if this has entailed through negligence their theft or the infliction of any substantial harm,

shall be punishable with a fine in the amount of up to 200 thousand roubles, or in the amount of a wage/salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to 18 months, or with obligatory labour for a term of up to four hundred and eighty hours, or with corrective labour for a term of up to two years, or with restraint of liberty for a term of up to two years, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to two years with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such, or with deprivation of liberty for a term of up to two years with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such.

Note. Lists of potent and toxic substances, as well as a large scale of dealing with potent substances, for the purposes of this article and other articles of this Code shall be endorsed by the Government of the Russian Federation.

Article 235. Engaging in Illegal Private Medical Practice or Private Pharmaceutical Activity

1. Engaging in private medical practice or in private pharmaceutical activity without having a license for the respective type of activity, if this has entailed by negligence the infliction of harm to human health,

shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 120 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to one year, or by restriction of liberty for a term of up to three years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to three years, or by deprivation of liberty for the same term.

2. The same act, that has entailed by negligence the death of a person, shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years, or by deprivation of liberty for the same term.

Article 236. Violation of Sanitary and Epidemiological Rules

1. Violation of sanitary and epidemiological rules which has resulted in, by negligence, mass diseases or poisoning of people,

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 80 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to six months, or by disqualification from holding specific offices or engaging in specific activities for a term of up to three years, or by compulsory works for a term of up to 360 hours, or by corrective works for a term of up to one year, or by restriction of liberty for a term of up to one year.

2. The same act, which has involved by negligence the death of a person,

shall be punishable by obligatory labour for a term of up to 480 hours, or by corrective labour for a term of six months to two years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years, or by deprivation of liberty for the same term.

Article 237. Concealment of Information About Circumstances Endangering Human Life or Health

1. Concealment or distortion of information about developments, facts, or phenomena endangering human life or health, or the environment, committed by a person who is duty-bound to supply the population and the bodies authorized to take measures of removing such danger, by said information,

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 300 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period up to two years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to two years with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to two years, with disqualification from holding specific offices or engaging in specified activities for a term of up to three years, or without such disqualification.

2. The same acts, if they are committed by a person holding a post in the government of the Russian Federation or a post in the government of a subject of the Russian Federation, and likewise by the head of a local self-government body, or if such acts have inflicted harm to someone's health or have resulted other grave consequences,

Article 238. Production, Storage, Carriage or Sale of Goods and Products, Fulfillment of Works or Rendering of Services Which Do Not Meet Safety Standards

1. Production, storage or carriage for the purpose of sale or the sale of goods and products, fulfillment of works or rendering of services which do not meet standards of safety for the lives or health of consumers as well as wrongful issue or use of an official document which certifies compliance of the said goods, works or services to safety standards, -

shall be punishable with a fine in the amount of up to 300 thousand roubles, or in the amount of a wage/salary or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to two years, or with obligatory labour for a term of up to 360 hours, or with restraint of liberty for a term of up to two years, or with compulsory works for a term of up to two years, or with deprivation of liberty for the same term.

2. The same deeds if they:

a) are made by a group of persons by previous concert or by an organised group;

b) in respect of commodities, works or services intended for children under six years old;

c) have entailed through negligence the infliction of grave harm upon human health or death of a person -

shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of 100 thousand to 500 thousand roubles, or in the amount of a wage/salary or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to three years, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to five years, or with deprivation of liberty for a term of up to six years with or without a fine in the amount of up to 500 thousand roubles or in the amount of a wage/salary or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to three years or without such.

3. Deeds provided for in the first or second part of the present Article, which have entailed by negligence the death of two or more persons,

shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to ten years.

Article 239. Organisation of an Association Infringing upon the Liberties and Rights of Individuals

1. Creation of a religious or public association whose activity is fraught with violence against individuals or with the infliction of injury to their health, or with inducement of individuals to refuse to discharge their civil duties or to commit other unlawful deeds, and likewise operation of such an association,

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 200 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to 18, or by restriction of liberty for a term of up to three years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to three years, or by deprivation of liberty for the same term.

2. Participation in the activity of said association, and also promotion of deeds provided for by the first part of this Article,

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 120 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period up to one year, or by restriction of liberty for a term of up to two years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to two years, or by deprivation of liberty for the same term.

Article 240. Inducing to Prostitution

1. Inducing to prostitution or forcing to continue prostitution -

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 200 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to 18 months, or by restriction of liberty for a term of up to three years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to three years, or by deprivation of liberty for the same term.

2. The same deed committed:

a) with the application of violence or with the threat of its application;

b) with a victim's movement across the State Border of the Russian Federation or with the illegal detention thereof abroad;

c) by a group of persons by previous concert -

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to six years with restriction of liberty for a term of up to two years or without such.

Federal Law No. 14-FZ of February 29, 2012 amended part 3 of Article 240 of this Code

3. The deeds provided by Parts One and Two of this Article which are committed by an organised group or in respect of a minor -

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of three to eight years with or without deprivation of the right to hold definite offices or to engage in definite activities for a term of up to fifteen years and with restriction of liberty for a term of up to two years or without such.

Article 241. Organisation of Prostitution

1. Deeds aimed at organisation of prostitution, as well as at the maintenance of hangouts for prostitution or the systematic provision of premises for prostitution -

shall be punishable by a fine in the amount of 100 thousand to 500 thousand roubles, or in the amount of a wage/salary or other income of the convicted person for a period of one year to three years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years, or by deprivation of liberty for the same term.

Federal Law No. 14-FZ of February 29, 2012 amended part 2 of Article 241 of this Code

2. The same deeds committed:

a) by a person through his official position;

b) with the application of violence or with the threat of applying it;

c) with the involvement of minors in prostitution -

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to six years with or without deprivation of the right to hold definite offices or to engage in definite activities for a term of up to ten years and with restriction of liberty for a term of up to two years or without such.

Federal Law No. 14-FZ of February 29, 2012 amended part 3 of Article 241 of this Code

3. The deeds provided for by Parts One and Two of this Article which are committed with the involvement in prostitution of persons who are to be under 14 years old -

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of three to 10 years with or without deprivation of the right to hold definite offices or to engage in definite activities for a term of up to fifteen years and with restriction of liberty for a term of from one year to two years or without such.

Federal Law No. 14-FZ of February 29, 2012 reworded Article 242 of this Code

Article 242. Illegal Making and Distribution of Pornographic Materials or Objects

1. Illegal making and/or movement across the State Border of the Russian Federation for the purpose of distribution, public demonstration or advertising, or distribution, public demonstration or advertising of pornographic materials or objects, -

shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of 100 thousand to 300 thousand roubles, or in the amount of a wage/salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of one to two years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to two years, or by deprivation of liberty for the same term.

2. Distribution, public demonstration or advertising of pornographic materials or objects to minors , or involvement of minors in distribution of pornographic materials effected by a person who has reached eighteen years of age -

shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of two to five years with or without deprivation of the right to hold definite offices or to engage in definite activities for a term of up to ten years.

3. The deeds provided for by Parts One or Two of this article committed:

a) by a group of persons by previous concert or by an organised group;

b) through the use of mass media, in particular information-telecommunication networks (including Internet);

c) with making profit on a large scale -

shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of two to six years with or without deprivation of the right to hold definite offices or to engage in definite activities for a term of up to fifteen years.

Note. As profit made on a large scale shall be deemed in this article, as well as in Article 242.¹ of this Code, the profit in the amount exceeding fifty thousand roubles.

Federal Law No. 14-FZ of February 29, 2012 reworded Article 242.¹ of this Code Article 242.¹. Making and Distribution of Materials or Objects with Pornographic Pictures of Minors

1. Making, acquisition, storage and/or movement across the State Border of the Russian Federation for the purpose of distribution, public demonstration or advertising, or distribution, public demonstration or advertising of materials or objects with pornographic pictures of minors-

shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of two to eight years with or without deprivation of the right to hold definite offices or to engage in definite activities for a term of up to fifteen years.

2. The deeds provided for by Part One of this article made:

a) in respect of a person who has not reached fourteen years of age;

b) by a group of persons by previous concert or by an organised group;

c) with making profit on a large scale;

d) through the use of mass media, in particular information-telecommunication networks (including Internet) -

shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of three to ten years with or without deprivation of the right to hold definite offices or to engage in definite activities for a term of up to fifteen years and with restriction of liberty for a term of up to two years or without such.

Federal Law No. 14-FZ of February 29, 2012 supplemented this Code with Article 242.²

Article 242.^2. Using a Minor for the Purpose of Making Pornographic Materials or Objects

1. Making photos, films or videotapes showing a minor for the purpose of making and/or distributing pornographic materials or objects, or attracting a minor as a performer in an entertainment of pornographic nature by a person who has reached eighteen years of age -

2. The same deeds made:

a) in respect of two or more persons;

b) by a group of persons by previous concert or by an organised group;

c) in respect of a person who has not reached fourteen years of age;

d) through the use of information-telecommunication networks (including Internet) -

shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of eight to fifteen years with or without deprivation of the right to hold definite offices or to engage in definite activities for a term of up to twenty years or with restriction of liberty for a term of up to two years or without such.

Article 243. Destruction or Damage of Monuments of History and Culture

1. Destruction or damage of monuments of history, culture, natural monuments, or facilities protected by the State, and also of objects or documents of historical or cultural value,

2. The same deeds, committed in respect of especially valuable facilities or monuments of all-Russian significance,

shall be punishable with a fine in the amount of 100 thousand to 500 thousand roubles, or in the amount of a wage/salary or any other income of the convicted person for a period of one to three years, or with obligatory labour for a term of up to 480 hours, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to five years, or with deprivation of liberty for the same term.

Article 244. Outrages upon Bodies of the Deceased and Their Burial Places

1. Outrages upon the bodies of the deceased, or destruction, damage to, or desecration of burial places, gravestones, or graveyard buildings intended for burial ceremonies or for commemorative feasts,

2. The same acts committed:

a) by a group of persons, a group of persons by previous concert, or by an organised group;

b) by reason of political, ideological, racial, national or religious hatred or enmity, or by reason of hatred or enmity with respect to some social group, and likewise in respect of a sculpture or architectural structure devoted to the struggle against fascism or victims of nazism, or burial-places of participants in the struggle against nazism;

c) with the use of violence or with the threat of its use,

shall be punishable by restraint of liberty for a term of up to three years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years, or by an arrest for a term of three to six months, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to five years.

Article 245. Cruelty to Animals

1. Cruelty to animals that has involved their death or injury, if this deed has been conducted with malicious or mercenary motives, or the use of sadistic methods, or in the presence of minors,

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 80 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period up to six months, or by compulsory works for a term of up to 360 hours, or by corrective labour for a term of up to one year, or by restriction of liberty for a term of up to one year, or by arrest for a term of up to six months.

2. The same act committed by a group of persons, a group of persons by previous concert, or an organised group,

shall be punishable with a fine in the amount of 100 thousand to 300 thousand roubles, or in the amount of a wage/salary or any other income of the convicted person for a period of one to two years, or with obligatory labour for a term of up to four hundred and eighty hours, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to two years, or with deprivation of liberty for the same term.

Chapter 26. Environmental Crimes

On the practice of the application by the courts of legislation on responsibility for ecological offences, see Decision of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation No. 14 of November 5, 1998

Article 246. Violation of the Rules for Environmental Protection During the Performance of Works

Violation of the rules for environmental protection during the designing, placement, building, commissioning, or operation of industrial, agricultural, scientific, or other facilities by persons responsible for the observance of these rules, if this has involved a substantial change in the radioactive background, the infliction of injury to human health, mass-scale injury to animals, or any other grave consequences,

shall be punishable with a fine in the amount of up to 120 thousand roubles, or in the amount of a wage/salary or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to one year, or with obligatory labour for a term of up to four hundred and eighty hours, or with corrective labour for a term of up to two years, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to five years with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such, or with deprivation of liberty for a term of up to five years with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such.

Article 247. Violation of the Rules for Dealing with Environmentally Hazardous Substances and Waste

1. Production of illicit dangerous waste, transportation, storage, dumping, use, or any other circulation of radioactive, bacteriological, or chemical substances or waste, with a violation of fixed rules, if these acts have created a threat of infliction of substantial harm on human health or the environment,

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 200 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to 18 months, or by restriction of liberty for a term of up to two years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to two years, or by deprivation of liberty for the same term.

2. The same acts, which have involved the pollution, poisoning, or contamination of the environment, the infliction of harm to human health or mass-scale injury to animals, and likewise acts committed in a zone of ecological distress or in a zone of ecological emergency,

shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of 100 thousand to 300 thousand roubles, or in the amount of a wage/salary or any other income of the convicted person for a period of one to two years, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to five years, or with deprivation of liberty for the same term.

3. Acts provided for by the first or second part of this Article, and entailing by negligence the death of a man or mass disease infection of people,

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to eight years.

Article 248. Violation of Safety Rules in Dealing with Microbiological or Other Biological Agents or Toxins

1. Violation of safety rules in dealing with microbiological or any other biological agents or toxins, if this has involved the infliction of injury to human health, the spread of epidemics, or any other grave consequences,

shall be punishable by a fine in the amount of one hundred thousand to three hundred thousand roubles, or in the amount of a wage/salary or other income of the convicted person for a period of one to two years, or by obligatory labour for a term of up to 360 hours, or by corrective labour for a term of up to one year, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to two years with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to two years with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such.

2. The same act, that has entailed by negligence the death of a person,

shall be punishable by obligatory labour for a term of up to 480 hours, or by corrective labour for a term of up to two years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to five years with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such.

Article 249. Violation of Veterinary Rules and Rules for Control of Epidemics and Plant Pests

1. Violation of veterinary rules which has involved through negligence the spread of epidemics or any other grave consequences

2. Violation of the rules for control of epidemics and plant pests, which has involved through negligence grave consequences,

Article 250. Pollution of Water

1. Pollution, clogging, and exhaustion of surface and subterranean water or sources of drinking water supply, or any other change of their natural properties, if these acts have involved the infliction of substantial harm on the animal or vegetable kingdom, fish reserves, forestry, or agriculture,

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 80 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to six months, or by disqualification from holding specific offices or engaging in specified activities for a term of up to five years, or by compulsory works for a term of up to 360 hours, or by corrective labour for a term of up to one year, or by arrest for a term of up to three months.

2. The same acts, which have involved the infliction of injury to human health or mass-scale injury to animals, and likewise acts committed on the territory of a preserve or game reserve, or in a zone of ecological distress, or in a zone of ecological emergency,

shall be punishable with a fine in the amount of up to 200 thousand roubles, or in the amount of a wage/salary or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to eighteen months, or with obligatory labour for a term of up to four hundred and eighty hours or with corrective labour for a term of up to two years, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to two years, or with deprivation of liberty for the same term.

3. Acts provided for by the first or second part of this Article, and entailing by negligence the death of a person,

shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years, or by deprivation of liberty for the same term.

Article 251. Pollution of the Atmosphere

1. Violation of the rules for release of pollutants into the atmosphere, or violation of the operation of installations, structures, and other facilities, if these acts have resulted in pollution or any other change of the natural properties of the air,

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 80 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to six months, or by disqualification from holding specific offices or engaging in specified activities for a term of up to five years, or by compulsory works for a term of up to 360 hours, or by corrective labour for a term of up to one year, or by arrest for a term of up to three months.

2. The same acts, which have involved the infliction through negligence of injury to human life or health,

shall be punishable with a fine in the amount of up to 200 thousand roubles, or in the amount of a wage/salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to eighteen months, or with obligatory labour for a term of up to four hundred and eighty hours, or with corrective labour for a term of up to two years, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to two years, or with deprivation of liberty for the same term.

3. Acts provided for in the first or second part of this Article, and entailing by negligence the death of a person,

shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of two to five years or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to five years.

Article 252. Pollution of the Marine Environment

1. Marine pollution from land-based sources or because of an infraction of the rules for dumping from ships or artificial islands, installations or structures built in the sea of substances and materials which are hazardous to human health and aquatic biological resources, and which prevent the legitimate use of the marine environment, -

shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 200 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to 18 months, or by disqualification from holding specific offices or engaging in specified activities for a term of up to five years, or by compulsory works for a term of up to 480 hours, or by corrective labour for a term of up to two years, or by arrest for a term of up to four months.

2. The same acts, which have caused substantial harm to human health, aquatic biological resources, the environment, zones of recreation or to other law-protected interests,

shall be punishable by a fine in the amount of up to five hundred thousand roubles, or in the amount of a wage/salary or other income of the convicted person for a period of up to three years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to two years, or by deprivation of liberty for the same term with a fine in the amount of up to forty thousand roubles, or in the amount of a wage/salary or other income of the convicted person for a period of up to three months.

3. Acts provided for by the first or second part of this Article, and entailing by negligence the death of a person,

shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years, or by deprivation of liberty for the same term.

Article 253. Contravention of the Laws of the Russian Federation on the Continental Shelf and on the Exclusive Economic Zone of the Russian Federation

1. Illegal erection of artificial islands, installations or structures on the continental shelf of the Russian Federation, illegal creation of security zones around them or in the exclusive economic zone of the Russian Federation, and likewise contravention of the rules for building, operating, protecting, and dismantling erected artificial islands, installations or structures and safety facilities of marine navigation, -

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of from 100 thousand to 300 thousand roubles or in the amount of the wages or other income of the convicted for a period of from one year to two years or by disqualification from holding specific offices or engaging in specified activities for a term of up to three years, or by compulsory works for a term of up to 480 hours, or by corrective labour for a term of up to two years.

2. Investigation, exploration, reconnaissance, and development of the natural resources of the continental shelf of the Russian Federation or of the exclusive economic zone of the Russian Federation, without relevant permits, -

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of from 100 thousand to 500 thousand roubles or in the amount of the wages or other income of the convicted for a period of from one year to three years, or by compulsory works for a term of up to two 480 hours, or by corrective labour for a term of up to two years, with disqualification from holding specific offices or engaging in specified activities for a term of up to three years, or without such disqualification.

Article 254. Deterioration of Land

1. Poisoning, polluting, or causing any other deterioration of land through harmful products of economic and any other activity, due to the violation of the rules for dealing with fertilizers, plant growth stimulators, chemical weed-killers, any other dangerous chemical or biological substances during their storage, use, or transportation, which has entailed the infliction of harm to human health or the environment,

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 200 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to 18 months, or by disqualification from holding specific offices or engaging in specified activities for a term of up to three years, or by compulsory works for a term of up to 480 hours, or by corrective labour for a term of up to two years.

2. The same deeds, committed in a zone of ecological distress or in a zone of ecological emergency,

shall be punishable by restraint of liberty for a term of up to two years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to two years, or by deprivation of liberty for the same term.

3. Deeds stipulated in the first or second parts of this Article, and entailing by negligence the death of a person,

shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years, or by deprivation of liberty for the same term.

Article 255. Violation of the Rules for the Protection and Use of Subsoil

Violation of the rules for the protection and use of subsoil during the designing, siting, building, commissioning, and operating of mining enterprises or underground structures not related to the extraction of minerals, and likewise unauthorized building on areas of mineral deposits, if these acts have involved the infliction of considerable damage,

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 200 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to 18 months, or by disqualification from holding specific offices or engaging in specified activities for a term of up to three years, or by compulsory works for a term of up to 480 hours, or by corrective labour for a term of up to two years.

Article 256. Illegal Procurement (Catching) of Aquatic Biological Resources

1. Illegal procurement (catching) of aquatic biological resources, if these acts have been committed:

a) with the infliction of large damage;

b) with the use of a self-propelled transport craft, explosives, chemicals, electric current, or any other methods of mass extermination of said aquatic animals or plants;

c) in their spawning places or migration routes;

d) in specially protected natural territories, or in a zone of ecological distress or ecological emergency,

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of from 100 thousand to 300 thousand roubles or in the amount of the wages or other income of the convicted for a period of from one to two years, or by compulsory works for a term of up to 480 hours, or by corrective labour for a term of up to two years, or by arrest for a term of up to six months.

2. Illegal hunting of fur-seals, sea beavers, or any other sea mammals on the high seas or in restricted areas,

3. Acts stipulated in the first or second parts of this Article, and committed by a person through his official position, or by a group of persons by previous concert, or by an organised group,

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of 100 thousand to 500 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of one to three years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to two years with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to two years with disqualification from holding specified offices or engaging in specified activities for a term of up to three years, or without such disqualification.

Article 257. Violation of the Rules for Protecting Aquatic Biological Resources

Log rafting, bridge and dam building, transportation of timber and other forest resources, blasting, other works, and likewise operation of water intake structures and pumping mechanisms in violation of the rules for protecting aquatic biological resources, if these acts have involved mass destriction of fish or any other aquatic biological resources, the destruction of feed reserves, or any other grave consequences,

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 200 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to 18 months, or by disqualification from holding specific offices or engaging in specified activities for a term of up to three years, or by compulsory works for a term of up to 480 hours, or by corrective labour for a term of up to two years.

Article 258. Illegal Hunting

1. Illegal hunting, if this deed has been committed:

a) with infliction of large damage;

b) with the use of a mechanical transport vehicle or an aircraft, explosives, gases, or any other methods of mass-scale extermination of birds and beasts;

c) in respect of birds and beasts, the shooting of which is fully prohibited;

d) on a special protection natural territory, or in a zone of ecological distress or ecological emergency, -

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 200 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period up to 18 months, or by compulsory works for a term of up to 480 hours, or by corrective labour for a term of up to two years, or by arrest for a term of up to six months.

2. The same deed, committed by a person through his official position or by a group of persons by previous concert, or by an organised group,

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of 100 thousand to 300 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of one to two years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to two years with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to two years, with disqualification from holding specified offices or engaging in specified activities for a term of up to three years, or without such disqualification.

Article 259. Destruction of Critical Habitats of the Organisms Entered in the Red Book of the Russian Federation

Destruction of critical habitats of the organisms entered in the Red Book of the Russian Federation, which has involved the ruin of the populations of these organisms,

shall be punishable by a fine in the amount of three hundred thousand to five hundred thousand roubles, or in the amount of a wage/salary or other income of the convicted person for a period of two to three years, or by obligatory labour for a term of up to four hundred and eighty hours, or by restraint of liberty for a term of up to three years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to three years, or by deprivation of liberty or the same term.

Article 260. The Illegal Felling of Stands

1. The illegal felling, and equally, damage to the extent of termination of growth, of stands or of trees, shrubs, lianas, if these acts take place on a significant scale, -

shall be punishable with a fine in the amount of up to two hundred thousand roubles, or in amount of a wage/salary or other income of the convicted person for a period of up to two years, or with obligatory labour for a period of up to three hundred and sixty hours, or with corrective labour for a period of up to two years, or with compulsory labour for a period of up to one year, or with deprivation of freedom for the same period.

2. The illegal felling, and equally, damage to the extent of termination of growth, of stands or of trees, brushes, lianas, if these acts take place:

a) by a group of persons;

b) abolished

c) by a person with the use of this official position;

d) on a large scale, -

shall be punishable with a fine in the amount of 100 thousand roubles to 500 thousand roubles, or in the amount of a wage/salary or other income of the convicted person for a period of one year to three years, or with obligatory labour for a period of up to four hundred and eighty hours, or with corrective labour for a period of up to two years, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to three years with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to three years with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such.

3. Deeds stipulated by parts one and two of this Article committed on an especially large scale, by a group of persons by previous concert or by an organised group, -

shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of five hundred thousand roubles to one million roubles or in an amount of the salary or wages or other income of the convicted person for a period of three to five years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such, or with deprivation of freedom for a period of up to six years with deprivation of the right to occupy certain posts or engage in certain activity for a period of up to three years or without such.

Note. In this Article damage inflicted to the stands or trees, shrubs and lianas not deemed stands and calculated by the rates approved by the Government of the Russian Federation shall be deemed to be one of a sizable scale if it exceeds five thousand roubles, large size - fifty thousand roubles, especially large size - one hundred and fifty thousand roubles.

Article 261. Destroying or Damaging Stands

1. Destroying or damaging stands and other plants as a result of casual handling of fire or other sources of increased danger -

shall be punishable with a fine in the amount of one hundred up to two hundred and fifty thousand roubles, or in the amount of a wage/salary or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to two years, or with obligatory labour for a term of up to four hundred and eighty hours, or with corrective labour for a term of up to two years, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to three years, or with deprivation of liberty for the same term.

2. The deeds provided for by Part One of this article if they have caused a major damage -

shall be punishable with a fine in the amount of one hundred and fifty to two hundred and fifty thousand roubles, or in the amount of a wage/salary or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to two years and a half, or with obligatory labour for a term of up to four hundred and eighty hours, or with corrective labour for a term of up to two years, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to four years, or with deprivation of liberty for the same term.

3. Destroying or damaging stands and other plants through arson, or another generally-dangerous means, or as the result of pollution or another negative effect -

shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of two hundred and fifty thousand to four hundred thousand roubles or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of one to two years or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to eight years with a fine in the amount of one hundred thousand to three hundred thousand roubles or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of one month to one year or without such.

4. The deeds provided for by Part Three of this article, if they have caused a major damage -

shall be punishable with a fine in the amount of three hundred and fifty thousand to five hundred thousand roubles or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of two to three years or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to ten years with a fine in an amount of one hundred thousand to three hundred thousand roubles or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of one month to one year or without such.

Note. As a major damage in this article is deemed such damage when the cost of destroyed or damaged sylvestral and other plants estimated at the rates endorsed by the Government of the Russian Federation exceeds fifty thousand roubles.

Article 262. Violation of the Regime Regarding Specially Protected Natural Territories and Natural Facilities

Violation of the regime for preserves, game reserves, national parks, natural monuments, and other natural territories specially protected by the State, which has involved the infliction of considerable damage,

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 200 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to 18 months, or by disqualification from holding specific offices or engaging in specified activities for a term of up to three years, or by compulsory works for a term of up to 480 hours, or by corrective labour for a term of up to two years.

Chapter 27. Crimes Against Traffic Safety and the Operation of Transport Vehicles

Article 263. Violation of the Rules for Traffic Safety and Operation of the Railway, Air, Sea and Inland Water Transportation Systems, as Well as of the Underground Railroad

1. Violation of the rules for traffic safety and operation of railway, air, sea and inland water transport, as well as of the underground railroad, by a person, who by virtue of the work he/she performs or the post he/she holds is duty-bound to observe these rules, except for the cases provided for by Article 271.1 of this Code, as well as the refusal of the cited person to discharge the labour duties thereof where such refusal is prohibited by law, if this deed has involved, by negligence, the infliction of grave harm to human health or large-scale damage -

shall be punishable by a fine in the amount of one hundred thousand to three hundred thousand roubles or in the amount of a wage/salary or other income of the convicted person for a term of one year to two years, or by restraint of liberty for a term of up to four years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to two years with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such, or by arrest for a term of up to six months, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to two years, with disqualification from holding specific offices or engaging in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such disqualification.

2. The same deeds, which have involved by negligence the death of a person -

shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years or by deprivation of liberty for the same term.

3. The deed, provided for in the first part of this Article and entailing by negligence the death of two or more persons -

shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to seven years.

Note. As large-scale damage in this article shall be deemed the one whose amount exceeds a million roubles.

Article 263.¹. Failure to Satisfy the Requirements for Ensuring Transport Safety at the Transport Facilities and Transport Vehicles

1. Failure to satisfy the requirements for ensuring transport safety at transport infrastructure facilities and on transport vehicles of the person responsible for ensuring transport safety, where such deed has caused through negligence grave harm to human health or large-scale damage -

shall be punishable by a fine in the amount of up to eighty thousand roubles or in the amount of a wage, salary or other income of the convicted person for a period of up to six months or by restriction of liberty for a term of up to three years with disqualification from holding specific offices or engaging in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such disqualification.

2. The same deed which has involved by negligence the death of a person -

shall be punishable by restriction of liberty for a term of up to four years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to five years with disqualification from holding specific offices or engaging in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such disqualification.

3. The deed, provided for in the first part of this Article and entailing by negligence the death of two or more persons, -

shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to seven years with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such.

Note. As a large-scale damage in this article shall be deemed the one whose amount exceeds a million roubles.

Article 264. Violation of Traffic Rules and Rules for Operation of Transport Vehicles

1. Violation by a person driving a motor vehicle, a tram or another mechanical transport vehicle of the traffic rules or rules for operation of a transport means which has, by negligence, entailed the causing of grave harm to human health -

shall be punishable by limitation of freedom for a term of up to three years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to two years with deprivation of the right to drive a transport vehicle for a term of up to three years or without such, or by arrest for a term of up to six months, or by deprivation of freedom for a term of up to two years with deprivation of the right to drive a transport vehicle for a term of three years or without such.

2. An action stipulated by part one of this Article committed by a person who is in a state of drunkenness, which action has, by negligence, entailed the causing of grave harm to human health, -

shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of up to three years with deprivation of the right to drive a transport vehicle for a term of up to three years, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to four years with deprivation of the right to drive a transport vehicle for a term of up to three years.

3. An action stipulated by part one of this Article which has, by negligence, entailed a human death -

shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of up to four years with deprivation of the right to drive a transport vehicle for a term of up to three years, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to five years with deprivation of the right to drive a transport vehicle for a term of up to three years.

4. An action stipulated by Part one of this Article committed by a person who is in a state of drunkenness, which action has, by negligence, entailed a human death, -

shall be punishable by deprivation of freedom for a term of up to seven years with deprivation of the right to drive a transport vehicle for a term of up to three years.

5. An action stipulated by Part one of this Article which has, by negligence, entailed the death of two or more persons -

shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years with deprivation of the right to drive a transport vehicle for a term of up to three years, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to seven years with deprivation of the right to drive a transport vehicle for a term of up to three years.

6. An action stipulated by Part one of this Article committed by a person who is in a state of drunkenness, which action has, by negligence, caused the death of two or more persons, -

shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years with deprivation of the right to drive a transport vehicle for a term of up to three years, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to nine years with deprivation of the right to drive a transport vehicle for a term of up to three years.

Note. By other mechanical transport vehicles in this Article shall be understood trolleybuses and also tractors and other self-propelled machines, motorcycles and other mechanical transport vehicles.

Article 265. Abolished

Article 266. Incompetent Repair of Transport Vehicles, and Putting Them into Service with Technical Defects

1. Incompetent repair of transport vehicles, communications, warning devices, or communication facilities, or any other transport equipment, and likewise the commissioning of technically defective transport vehicles by a person responsible for the technical condition of transport vehicles, if these acts have entailed, by negligence, the infliction of grave injury to human health,

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of 100 thousand to 300 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of one to two years months, or by restraint of liberty for a term of up to three years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to two years with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such, or by arrest for a term of up to six months, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to two years, with disqualification from holding specific offices or engaging in specified activities for a term of up to three years, or without such disqualification.

2. The same acts, which have involved by negligence the death of a person,

shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years or by deprivation of liberty for the same term.

3. Acts provided for in the first part of this Article, and entailing by negligence the death of two or more persons,

shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to seven years.

Article 267. Putting out of Commission Transport Vehicles or Communications

1. Destruction, damage, or putting out of commission transport vehicles, warning devices, communications or communications facilities, or any other transport equipment, and likewise blocking transport communications, if these acts have involved, by negligence, the infliction of grave injury to human health, or the infliction of large damage,

2. The same acts, which have caused by negligence the death of a person, Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to eight years.

3. The acts provided for in the first part of this Article, and entailing by negligence the death of two or more persons,

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to ten years.

Note. As a large-scale damage in this article shall be deemed the one whose amount exceeds a million roubles.

Article 268. Violation of the Rules for the Safe Work of Transport

1. Violation by a passenger, pedestrian, or any other traffic participant (except for a person referred to in Articles 263 and 264 of this Code) of the rules for traffic safety and operation of transport vehicles, if this deed has involved by negligence the infliction of grave injury to human health,

Shall be punishable by restraint of liberty for a term of up to three years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to two years, or by arrest for a term of up four months, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to two years.

2. The same deed, which has involved by negligence the death of a person, shall be punishable by restraint of liberty for a term of up to four years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to four years, or by deprivation of liberty for the same term.

3. The deed provided for in the first part of this Article, and entailing by negligence the death of two or more persons,

shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to seven years.

Article 269. Violation of Safety Rules During the Construction, Operation, or Repair of Trunk Pipelines

1. Violation of safety rules during the construction, operation, or repair of trunk pipelines, if this act has involved by negligence the infliction of grave injury to human health,

Shall be punishable by restraint of liberty for a term of up to three years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to two years with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such, or by arrest for a term of up to six months, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to two years, with disqualification from holding specified offices or engaging in specified activities for a term of up to three years, or without such disqualification.

2. The same act, which has entailed by negligence the death of a person,

shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years, or by deprivation of liberty for the same term.

3. The act provided for in the first part of this Article, and entailing by negligence the death of two or more persons,

shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to seven years.

Article 270. Failure of a Ship Master to Render Assistance to People in Distress

Failure of a ship master to render assistance to people in distress at sea or in any other water route, if this assistance could be rendered without a serious threat to his ship, its crew, and passengers,

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 200 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to 18 months, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to two years with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to two years, with disqualification from holding specific offices or engaging in specified activities for a term of up to three years, or without such disqualification.

Article 271. Violation of the Rules for International Flights

Non-observance of routes, landing places, gates, flight altitudes, or any other violation of the rules of international flights,

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 200 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period up to 18 months, or by arrest for a term of up to six months, with disqualification from holding specified offices or engaging in specified activities for a term of up to three years, or without such disqualification.

Article 271.¹. Breaking the Rules for Using the Airspace of the Russian Federation

1. Using the airspace of the Russian Federation without authorization where such authorization is required in compliance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, if this deed has entailed though negligence the infliction of grave harm upon health or death of a person -

shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term up to five years with disqualification from holding definite offices or engaging in definite activities for a term up to three years.

2. The deed provided for by Part One of this article that has entailed through negligence death of two or more persons -

shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term up to seven years with disqualification from holding definite offices or engaging in definite activities for a term up to three years.

Chapter 28. Crimes in the Sphere of Computer Information

Article 272. Illegal Access to Computer Information

1. Illegal access to legally-protected computer information, if this deed has involved the destruction, blocking, modification or copying of computer information, -

shall be punishable with a fine in the amount of up to 200 thousand roubles, or in the amount of a wage/salary or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to 18 months, or with corrective labour for a term of up to one year, or with restraint of liberty for a term of up to two years, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to two years, or with deprivation of liberty for the same term.

2. The same deed that has caused a major damage or has been committed because of vested interest -

shall be punishable with a fine in the amount of 100 thousand to 200 thousand roubles, or in the amount of a wage/salary or any other income of the convicted person for a period of one year to two years, or with corrective labour for a term of one year two years, or with restraint of liberty for a term of up to four years, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to four years, or with deprivation of liberty for the same term.

3. The deeds provided for by Parts One or Two of this article which are committed by a group of persons by previous concert or by an organised group, or by a person through his/her official position -

shall be punishable with a fine in the amount of up to 500 thousand roubles, or in the amount of a wage/salary or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to three years with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years, or with restraint of liberty for a term of up to four years, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to five years, or with deprivation of liberty for the same term.

4. The deeds provided for by Parts One, Two or Three of this article, if they have entailed heavy consequences or have posed a threat of their occurrence -

shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to seven years.

Notes. 1. Computer information means information (messages, data) presented in the form of electric signals, regardless of the facilities used for their storage, processing and transmittance.

2. As a major damage in the articles of this chapter shall be deemed the one whose amount exceeds one million roubles.

Article 273. Creation, Use, and Dissemination of Harmful Computer Programmes

1. Creation, dissemination or use of computer programmes or other computer information, which are knowingly intended for unsanctioned destruction, blocking, modification or copying of computer information or for balancing-out of computer information security facilities -

shall be punishable by restraint of liberty for a term of up to four years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to four years, or by deprivation of liberty for the same term with a fine in the amount up to 200 thousand roubles, or in the amount of a wage/salary or any other income of the convicted person for a period up to 18 months.

2. The deeds provided for by Part One of this article which are committed by a group of persons by previous concert or by an organised group, or by a person through his/her official position, as well as which have caused a major damage or which have been made because of vested interest-

shall be punishable by restraint of liberty for a term of up to four years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to five years with a fine in the amount of 100 thousand to 200 thousand rubles or in the amount of a wage/salary or other income of the convicted person for a period of two to three years or without such and with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such.

3. The deeds provided for by Parts One or Two of this article if they have entailed heavy consequences or have posed a threat of their occurrence -

shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to seven years.

Article 274. Violating the Rules for Operation of the Facilities for Computer Information Storage, Processing and Transmittance and of Information-Telecommunication Networks

1. Violation of the rules for operation of the facilities for computer information storage, processing and transmittance or of information-telecommunication systems and of terminal equipment, as well as of the rules for access to information-telecommunication networks, that has entailed the destruction, blocking, modification or copying of computer information accompanied by causing a major damage -

shall be punishable by a fine in the amount of up to 500 thousand roubles or in the amount of a wage/salary or other income of the convicted person for a period of up to eighteen months, or by corrective labour for a term of six months to one year, or by restraint of liberty for a term of up to two years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to two years, or by deprivation of liberty for the same term.

2. The deed provided for by Part One of this article, if it has entailed heavy consequences or a thereat of their occurrence -

shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years, or by deprivation of liberty for the same term.

Section X. Crimes Against State Power
Chapter 29. Crimes Against the Fundamentals of the Constitutional System and State Security

Article 275. High Treason

High treason, that is espionage, disclosure of state secrets, or any other assistance rendered to a foreign State, a foreign organisation, or their representatives in hostile activities to the detriment of the external security of the Russian Federation, committed by a citizen of the Russian Federation,

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of 12 to 20 years with or without a fine in an amount of up to 500 thousand roubles or in the amount of the wage or salary, or other income of the convicted person for a period of up to three years and with restriction of liberty for a term of up to two years.

Note: A person who has committed crimes stipulated in this Article, or by Articles 276 and 278 of this Code, shall be relieved from criminal liability if he has facilitated the prevention of further damage to the interests of the Russian Federation by informing the governmental authorities of his own free will and in due time, or in any other way, if his actions contain no other corpus delicti.

Article 276. Espionage

Transfer, and also collection, theft, or keeping for the purpose of transfer to a foreign state, a foreign organisation, or their representatives of information constituting a state secret, and also transfer or collection of other information under the order of a foreign intelligence service, to the detriment of the external security of the Russian Federation, if these deeds have been committed by a foreign national or a stateless person,

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of 10 to 20 years.

Article 277. Encroachment on the Life of a Statesman or a Public Figure

Encroachment on the life of a statesman or a public figure, committed for the purpose of terminating his government or any other political activity, or out of revenge for such activity,

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of 12 to 20 years with restriction of liberty for a term of up to two years, or by imprisonment for life, or by capital punishment.

Article 278. Forcible Seizure of Power or Forcible Retention of Power

Actions aimed at the forcible seizure of power or forcible retention of power in contravention of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, or aimed at the forcible change of the constitutional system of the Russian Federation,

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of 12 to 20 years with restriction of liberty for a term of up to two years.

Article 279. Armed Rebellion

Organisation of an armed rebellion or active participation in it for the purpose of overthrowing or forcibly changing the constitutional system of the Russian Federation, or of breaching the territorial integrity of the Russian Federation,

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of 12 to 20 years with restriction of liberty for a term of up to two years.

Article 280. Public Appeals for the Performance of Extremist Activity

1. Public appeals for the performance of extremist activity -

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 300 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to two years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to three years, or by arrest for a term of four to six months, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to three years with the deprivation of the right to occupy certain posts or to engage in a certain activity for the same time term.

2. The same acts, committed with the use of the mass media,

shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such, or by deprivation of freedom for a term of up to five years with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such.

Article 281. Sabotage

1. Perpetration of an explosion, arson, or of any other action aimed at the destruction or damage of enterprises, structures, transport infrastructure facilities and transport vehicles, or vital supply facilities for the population, with the aim of subverting the economic security or the defence capacity of the Russian Federation,

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of ten to 15 years.

2. The same acts:

a) committed by an organised group;

b) which have entailed the causing of considerable property damage or the ensuing of other grave consequences -

shall be punishable with deprivation of freedom for a term of twelve to twenty years.

3. Acts stipulated by Parts one or two of this Article if they have entailed intentional causing of death to a person -

shall be punishable with deprivation of freedom for a term of fifteen to twenty years or with deprivation of freedom for life.

Article 282. Incitement of Hatred or Enmity, as Well as Abasement of Human Dignity

1. Actions aimed at the incitement of hatred or enmity, as well as abasement of dignity of a person or a group of persons on the basis of sex, race, nationality, language, origin, attitude to religion, as well as affiliation to any social group, if these acts have been committed in public or with the use of mass media,

shall be punishable with a fine in the amount of 100 thousand to 300 thousand roubles, or in the amount of a wage/salary or any other income of the convicted person for a period of one to two years, or with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years, or with obligatory labour for a term of up to 360 hours, or with corrective labour for a term of up to one year, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to two years, or with deprivation of liberty for the same term.

2. The same deeds committed:

a) with the use of violence or with the threat of its use;

b) by a person through his official position;

c) by an organised group, -

shall be punishable with a fine in the amount of 100 thousand to 500 thousand roubles, or in the amount of a wage/salary or any other income of the convicted person for a period of one to three years, or with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to five years, or with obligatory labour for a term of up to 480 hours, or with corrective labour for a term of one to two years, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to five years, or with deprivation of liberty for the same term.

Article 282.¹. Organising an Extremist Community

1. Creation of an extremist community, that is, of an organised group of persons for the preparation or committing of crimes with an extremist thrust, as well as the leadership of such an extremist community, of a part of it or of the structural subdivisions included into such community, and also setting up an association of the organisers, leaders or other representatives of the parts or of the structural subdivisions of such community for the purposes of elaboration of the plans or the conditions for committing crimes with an extremist thrust -

shall be punished by a fine in an amount of up to two hundred roubles or in an amount of the wages or of a different income of a convict for a period of up to eighteen months, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to four years with restraint of liberty for a term of one to two years, or by the deprivation of freedom for a time term of up to four years with the deprivation of the right to occupy certain posts or to engage in a certain activity for a time term of up to ten years, and with the restriction of freedom for a term of from one year to two years.

2. Participation in an extremist community -

Shall be punished with a fine in an amount of up to 40 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wages or of the other income of the convicted person for a period of up to three months, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to two years with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such and with restraint of liberty for a term of up to one year, or by imprisonment for a term of up to two years with the deprivation of the right to occupy specific posts or to engage in a specific kind of activity for a term of up to five years, or without any term and with restriction of liberty for a term of up to one year.

3. The actions envisaged in the first and second parts of the present Article committed by a person with the use of his official status, -

Shall be punished with a fine in an amount of 100 thousand to 300 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wages or of other income of the convicted person for a period of one to two years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such and with restraint of liberty for a term of one year to two years, or by imprisonment for a term of up to six years with the deprivation of the right to occupy specific posts or to engage in a specific kind of activity for a term of up to ten years or without such and with restriction of liberty for a term of from one year to two years.

Note. 1. A person who voluntarily stops his/her participation in the activities of a social or religious association or other organisation in respect of which a court of law has rendered an effective decision on liquidation thereof or on prohibition of its activities in connection with the exercise by it of extremist activities shall be relieved of criminal liability unless a different corpus delicti is contained in his/her actions.

2. Crimes with a extremists thrust mean in this Code crimes committed by reason of political, ideological, racial, national or religious hatred or enmity or by reason of hatred or enmity with respect to some social group provided for by appropriate Articles of the Special Part of this Code and by item (f) of Part One of Article 63 of this Code.

Article 282.². Organising the Activity of an Extremist Community

1. Organising the activity of a public or religious association or of another organisation, with respect to which a court has adopted an already enforced decision on the liquidation or prohibition of the activity in connection with the performance of an extremist activity -

shall be punished with a fine in an amount of 100 thousand to 300 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wages or of other income of the convicted person for a period of one to two years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to three years with deprivation of liberty for a term of up to two years or without such, or by arrest for a term of from four to six months, or by imprisonment for a term of up to three years and with the deprivation of the right to occupy certain posts or to engage in a certain activity for a time term of up to ten years or without such, and with the restriction of freedom for a term of up to two years or without such.

2. Participation in the activity of a public or religious association or of another organisation, towards which the court has adopted an already enforced decision on the liquidation or prohibition of the activity in connection with the performance of an extremist activity, -

Shall be punished with a fine in an amount of up to 200 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wages or other income of the convicted person for a period up to 18 months, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to two years with restraint of liberty for a term of up to one year or without such, or by arrest for a term of up to four months, or by the deprivation of freedom for a term of up to two years with the deprivation of the right to occupy certain posts or to engage in a certain activity for a term of up to five years or without such and with restriction of liberty for a term of up to one year or without such.

Note. A person who has voluntarily ceased participation in the activity of a public or religious association or of another organisation, towards which a court has passed an already enforced decision on the liquidation or prohibition of the activity in connection with the performance of an extremist activity, shall be relieved of criminal liability, unless a different corpus delicti is contained in his activity.

Article 283. Disclosure of a State Secret

1. Disclosure of information comprising a state secret, by a person to whom it has been entrusted or to whom it has become known through his office or work, if this information has become the property of other persons, in the absence of the characteristic features of high treason,

Shall be punishable by arrest for a term of four to six months, or by deprivation of liberty for up to four years, with disqualification from holding specific offices or engaging in specified activities for a term of up to three years, or without such disqualification.

2. The same deed, which involved through negligence grave consequences,

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of three to seven years, with disqualification from holding specific offices or engaging in specified activities for a term of up to three years.

Article 284. Loss of Documents Containing State Secrets

Violation by a person who has access to state secrets of the rules for dealing with documents containing state secrets, and with objects, information about which comprises a state secret, if this has involved by negligence their loss and the onset of grave consequences,

Shall be punishable by restraint of liberty for a term of up to three years, or by arrest for a term of up to three years, with disqualification from holding specific offices or engaging in specified activities for a term of up to three years, or without such disqualification.

Chapter 30. Crimes Against State Power and the Interests of the Civil Service and the Service in Local Self-government Bodies

Article 285. Abuse of Official Powers

For the cases on abuse of official powers and on excess of official powers, see Decision of the Plenary Session of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation No. 19 of October 16, 2009

1. Use by an official of his powers, contrary to the interests of the civil service, if this deed has been committed out of mercenary or any other personal interests and has involved a substantial violation of the rights and lawful interests of individuals or organisations, or the legally-protected interests of the society or the State,

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 80 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period up to six months, or by disqualification from holding specific offices or engaging in specified activities for a term of up to five years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to four years, or by arrest for a term of four to six months, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to four years.

2. The same deed committed by a person who holds a public office of the Russian Federation or a public office of a subject of the Russian Federation, or by the head of a local self-government body,

Shall be punishable with fine in an amount of 100 thousand to 300 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of one to two years, , or by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to seven years, with disqualification from holding specified offices or engaging in specified activities for a term of up to three years, or without such disqualification.

3. Deeds provided for in the first or second part of this Article, and entailing grave consequences,

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to 10 years, with disqualification from holding specified offices or engaging in specified activities for a term of up to three years.

Notes. 1. Persons who discharge the functions of a representative of government on a permanent or temporary basis, or by special authority, or who perform organising and regulative, administrative, and economic functions in state bodies, local self-government bodies, governmental and municipal institutions, state corporations, and also in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, in other troops, and military formations of the Russian Federation are deemed to be officials in the Articles of this Chapter.

2. Persons holding offices established by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, by federal constitutional laws, and federal laws for the direct exercise of the powers of state agencies are understood in the Articles of this Chapter and in other Articles of this Code as being persons holding government posts of the Russian Federation.

3. Persons who hold offices established by the constitutions or charters of subjects of the Russian Federation, for the direct exercise of the powers of state agencies, are understood in the Articles of this Code as being persons holding posts of subjects of the Russian Federation.

4. Civil servants and local self-government employees who are not included in the category of officials shall bear criminal liability under the Articles of the Chapter in cases, specially provided for by the corresponding Articles.

5. Abrogated.

Article 285.¹. Spending Budgetary Funds for the Wrong Purposes

1. Spending on a large scale budgetary funds by an official of the beneficiary for purposes not complying with the terms of their receipt, which are determined by an approved budget, budget list, a notice on budget allocations, an estimate of receipts and expenditures or by any other document serving as a basis for receiving budgetary funds, -

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of 100 to 300 thousand roubles or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of one to two years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such, or by arrest for a term of up to six months, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to two years with or without deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years.

2. The same deed committed:

a) by a group of persons by previous concert;

b) on an especially large scale -

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of 200 thousand to 500 thousand roubles or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of one to three years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to five years with or without deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up three years.

Note. A large scale amount shall mean in this Article, as well as in Article 285.2 of this Code, an amount of budgetary funds exceeding one million 500 thousand roubles, while an especially large amount - seven million 500 thousand roubles.

Article 285.². Spending Assets of State Non-Budgetary Funds for Non-Specified Purposes

1. Spending on a large scale assets of state non-budgetary funds by an official for purposes not complying with the terms determined by the laws of the Russian Federation regulating their activities and with budgets of said funds -

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of 100 thousand to 300 thousand roubles or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of one to two years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to two years with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such, or by arrest for a term of up to six months, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to two years with or without deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years.

2. The same deed committed:

a) by a group of persons by previous concert;

b) on an especially large scale -

Article 285.³. Entering Deliberately Unreliable Information in Comprehensive State Registers

1. The deliberate entry by an official of deliberately unreliable information in one of the comprehensive state registers envisaged by the legislation of the Russian Federation, and equally, the deliberate destruction or forgery of the documents serving as the basis on which an entry or amendment has been made in said comprehensive state registers if the compulsory storage of these documents in envisaged by the legislation of the Russian Federation

shall be punishable with a fine in the amount of up to 80,000 roubles or in the amount of a wage/salary or other income of the convicted person for a period of up to six months or with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to five years or by deprivation of liberty for the same term.

2. The same acts committed by a group of persons in preliminary collusion

shall be punished by a fine in an amount of up to 500,000 roubles or in the amount of wages of another income of the convict for a period from one year to three years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such, or imprisonment for a term of up to six years with deprivation of the right to occupy certain positions or pursue certain activities for a term from six months to three years.

3. The acts envisaged by parts 1 or 2 of the present article, which have caused grave consequences

shall be punished with imprisonment for a term of up to ten years.

Article 286. Exceeding Official Powers

1. Commission by an official of actions which transcend the limits of his powers and which involve a substantial violation of the rights and lawful interests of individuals or organisations, or the legally-protected interests of society and the State,

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 80 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period up to six months, or by disqualification from holding specified offices or engaging in specified activities for a term of up to five years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to four years, or by arrest for a term of four to six months, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to four years.

2. The same deed, committed by a person holding a government post of the Russian Federation or a government post of a subject of the Russian Federation, or by the head of a local self-government body,

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of 100 thousand to 300 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of one to two years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to seven years, with disqualification from holding specified offices or engaging in specified activities for a term of up to three years, or without such disqualification.

3. Deeds stipulated by the first or second part of this Article, if they have been committed:

a) with the use of violence or with the threat of its use;

b) with the use of arms or special means;

c) with the infliction of grave consequences,

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for three to ten years, with disqualification from holding specified offices or engaging in specified activities for a term of up to three years.

Article 286.¹. Failure to Execute an order by a Worker of a Body of Internal Affairs

1. Intentional non-execution by a worker of a body of internal affairs of an order of a chief given in the established procedure and not contrary to the law which has essentially damaged the rights and legitimate interests of citizens or organisations or legally protected interests of society and the state -

shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of up to two years with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such, or by an arrest for a term of up to six months, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to two years with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such.

2. The same action committed by a group of persons, by a group of persons in preliminary collusion or by an organised group, as well as one which has entailed grave consequencies, -

shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years or by deprivation of liberty for the same term.

Article 287. Refusal to Submit Information to the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation or to the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation

1. Illegitimate refusal to submit information (documents, materials), or evasion of this duty, and also submission of obviously incomplete or false information to the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, or the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation, if these acts have been committed by an official who is duty-bound to submit such information,

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 200 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period up to 18 months, or by disqualification from holding specific offices or engaging in specified activities for a term of two to five years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to three years, or by arrest for a term of up to six months, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to three years.

2. The same acts, committed by a person who holds a government post of the Russian Federation or a government post of a subject of the Russian Federation,

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of 100 thousand to 300 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of one to two years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to five years, with disqualification from holding specific offices or engaging in specified activities for a term of up to three years, or without such disqualification.

3. Acts stipulated in the first or second part of this Article, if they:

a) are attended by the concealment of transgressions committed by officials of state power bodies;

b) have been committed by a group of persons by previous concert, or by an organised group;

c) have involved grave consequences,

shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to eight years with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such.

Article 288. Acquisition of an Office-bearer's Powers

Acquisition by a civil servant or a local self-government employee, who is not an officebearer, of the powers of the office-bearer, and subsequent performance by him of related actions which have involved a substantial breach of the rights and lawful interests of individuals and organisations,

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up 40 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to three months, or by compulsory works for a term of up to 360 hours, or by corrective labour for a term of up to two years, or by arrest or a term of up to three months.

Article 289. Illegal Participation in Business Activity

The establishment of an organisation carrying out business activity, by a functionary, or participation in the management of such an organisation in person or through a confidant contrary to the ban established by the law, if these deeds are connected with the granting to such an organisation of benefits and advantages, or with patronage in a different form,

shall be punishable by a fine in the amount of up to three hundred thousand roubles or in the amount of a wage/salary or other income of the convicted person for a period of up to two years, or by deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to five years with a fine in the amount up to 80 thousand roubles, or in the amount of a wage/salary or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to six months, or by obligatory labour for a term of up to 480 hours, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to two years, or by an arrest for a term of up to six months, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to two years.

Federal Law No. 97-FZ of May 4, 2011 reworded Article 290 of this Code

Article 290. Bribe-Taking

1. Bribe-taking by a functionary, a foreign functionary or a functionary of a public international organisation in person or through an intermediary, in the form of money, securities or other assets or in the form of unlawful rendering thereto services of property nature, or granting of other property rights, for actions (inaction) in favour of a bribe-giver or the persons he/she represents, if such actions (inaction) form part of the functionary's official powers or if the latter, by virtue of his/her official position, may further such actions (inaction), and also for overall patronage or connivance in the civil service,-

shall be punishable with a fine in an amount which is from twenty five times to fifty times as much as of the sum of the bribe with disqualification from holding specified offices or engaging in specified activities for a term up to three years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years, or by deprivation of liberty for a term up to three years accompanied by a fine in the amount which is twenty times as much as the sum of bribe.

2. Taking a bribe by a functionary, a foreign functionary or a functionary of a public international organisation on a considerable scale -

shall be punishable with a fine in the amount which is from thirty times to sixty times as much of the sum of the bribe with disqualification from holding specific offices or engaging in specified activities for a term up to three years, or by deprivation of liberty for a term up to six years accompanied by a fine in the amount which is thirty times as much as the sum of the bribe.

3. Taking a bribe by a functionary, a foreign functionary or a functionary of a public international organisation for unlawful actions (inaction) -

shall be punishable with a fine in the amount which is from forty times to seventy times as much as the sum of the bribe with disqualification from holding specific offices or engaging in specified activities for a term up to three years, or by deprivation of liberty for a term from three to seven years accompanied by a fine in the amount which is forty times as much as the sum of the bribe.

4. The deeds provided for by parts one-three of this article and committed by a person who holds a government post of the Russian Federation or a government post of a subject of the Russian Federation, as well as by the head of a local self-government body -

shall be punishable with a fine in the amount which is from sixty to eighty times as much as the sum of the bribe with disqualification from holding specific offices or engaging in specified activities for a term of up to three years, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of five to ten years accompanied with a fine in the amount which is fifty times as much as the sum of the bribe.

5. The deeds stipulated in Parts One, three and four of this Article, if they have been committed:

a) by a group of persons by previous concert, or by an organised group;

b) with extortion of a bribe;

c) on a large scale -

shall be punishable by a fine in the amount which is from seventy times to ninety times as much as the sum of the bribe or by deprivation of liberty for a term of seven to twelve years with disqualification from holding specific offices or engaging in specified activities for a term of up to three years and with a fine in the amount which is sixty times as much as the sum of the bribe.

6. The deeds provided for by parts one, three, four and Items (a) and (b) of part five of this article made on an especially large scale -

shall be punishable with a fine in the amount which from eight to one hundred times as much as the sum of the bribe with disqualification from holding specific offices or engaging in specified activities for a term of up to three years or by deprivation of liberty for a term from eight to fifteen years accompanied by a fine in the amount which is seventy times as much as the sum of the bribe.

Notes. 1. As a bribe on a considerable scale in this article, in Articles 291 and 291.¹ of this Code shall be deemed the sum of money, the cost of securities, other property, services of property nature, other property rights exceeding twenty five thousand roubles; as a bribe on a large scale shall be deemed those exceeding one hundred and fifty thousand roubles and a bribe on an especially large scale shall be deemed that exceeding one million roubles.

2. A foreign functionary in this article, Articles 291 and 291.1 of this Code means any appointed or elected person holding an office in the legislative, executive, administrative or judicial body of a foreign state, or any person exercising a public function for a foreign state, in particular for a public department or public enterprise; a functionary of a public international organisation means an international civil servant or any person authorised by such organisation to act on behalf of it.

Federal Law No. 97-FZ of May 4, 2011 reworded Article 291 of this Code

Article 291. Bribe-Giving

1. Giving a bribe to a functionary, a foreign functionary or a functionary of a public international organisation in person or through an intermediary,-

shall be punishable with a fine in the amount which is from fifteen times to thirty times as much as the sum of the bribe, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to three years, or with deprivation of liberty for a term up to two years accompanied by a fine in the amount which is ten times as much as the sum of the bribe.

2. Giving a bribe to a functionary, a foreign functionary or a functionary of a public international organisation in person or through an intermediary on a considerable scale -

shall be punishable with a fine in the amount which is from twenty times to forty times as much of the sum of the bribe or with deprivation of liberty for a term up to three years accompanied by a fine in the amount which is fifteen times as much as the sum of the bribe.

3. Giving a bribe to a functionary, a foreign functionary or a functionary of a public international organisation in person or through an intermediary for committing wittingly unlawful actions (inaction) -

shall be punishable with a fine in the amount which is from thirty times to sixty times as much as the sum of the bribe or with deprivation of liberty for a term up to eight years accompanied by a fine in the amount which is thirty times as much as the sum of the bribe.

4. The deeds stipulated in Parts One-Three of this Article, if they have been committed:

a) by a group of persons by previous concert, or by an organised group;

b) on a large scale -

shall be punishable with a fine in the amount which is from sixty times to eighty times as much as the sum of the bribe with disqualification from holding specific offices or engaging in specified activities for a term up to three years or with deprivation of liberty for a term of five to ten years accompanied by a fine in the amount which is sixty times as much as the sum of the bribe.

5. The deeds provided for by Parts One-Four of this article made on an especially large scale -

shall be punishable with a fine in the amount which is from seventy times to ninety times as much as the sum of the bribe or with deprivation of liberty for a term from seven to twelve years accompanied by a fine in the amount which is seventy times as much as the sum of the bribe.

Note. A person who has given a bribe shall be relived from criminal liability if he/she has been active in assisting to the crime's clearing and/or investigation, or this person has been subjected to extortion on the part of an official, or if this person after committing the crime has voluntarily informed the body that has the right to institute criminal proceedings about giving the bribe.

Federal Law No. 97-FZ of May 4, 2011 supplemented this Code with Article 291.¹

Article 291.¹. Mediation in Bribery

1. Mediation in bribery, that is, direct transfer of a bribe on the instructions of the bribe-giver or bribe-taker or other kind of assistance to the bribe-giver and/or bribe-taker in achieving or implementing of an agreement between them on taking or giving a bribe on a considerable scale -

shall be punishable with a fine in the amount which is from twenty times to forty times as much as the sum of the bribe with disqualification from holding specific offices or engaging in specified activities for a term up to three years or with deprivation of liberty for a term up to five years accompanied by a fine in the amount which is twenty times as much as the sum of the bribe.

2. Mediation in bribe-taking for committing wittingly unlawful actions (inaction) or by a person using the official position thereof -

shall be punishable with a fine in the amount which is from thirty times to sixty times as much as the sum of the bribe with disqualification from holding specific offices or engaging in specified activities for a term up to three years or with deprivation of liberty for a term of three to seven years accompanied by a fine in the amount which is thirty times as much as the sum of the bribe.

3. Mediation in bribery effected:

a) by a group of persons by previous concert, or by an organised group;

b) on a large scale -

shall be punishable with a fine in the amount which is from sixty times to eighty times as much as the sum of the bribe with disqualification from holding specific offices or engaging in specified activities for a term up to three years or by deprivation of liberty for a term of seven to twelve years accompanied by a fine in the amount which is sixty times as much as the sum of the bribe.

4. Mediation in bribery effected on an especially large scale -

shall be punishable with a fine in the amount which is from seventy times to ninety times as much as the sum of the bribe with disqualification from holding specific offices or engaging in specified activities for a term up to three years or by deprivation of liberty for a term of seven to twelve years accompanied by a fine in the amount which is seventy times as much as the sum of the bribe.

5. A promise or proposal to mediate in bribery -

shall be punishable with a fine in the amount which is from fifteen times to seventy times as much as the sum of the bribe with disqualification from holding specific offices or engaging in specified activities for a term up to three years or with a fine in the amount of twenty five thousand to five hundred million roubles with disqualification from holding specific offices or engaging in specified activities for a term up to three years or with deprivation of liberty for a term up to seven years accompanied by a fine in the amount which is from ten times to sixty times as much as the sum of the bribe.

Note. A person acting as a intermediary in bribery shall be relieved from criminal liability, if he/she after committing the crime has been active in assisting to the crime's clearing and/or suppression, or if this person has been subjected to extortion on the part of an official and has voluntarily informed the body that has the right to institute criminal proceedings about his/her mediation in bribery.

Article 292. Official Forgery

1. Official forgery, that is, the introduction of known false information into official documents by a functionary, and also by a civil servant or a local self-government employee, who is not a functionary, and likewise the introduction of corrections into said documents distorting their actual content, if these acts have been committed due to mercenary or any other personal interests (in the absence of any indicia of the crime stipulated by Item one of Article 292.1 of this Code), -

shall be punishable with a fine in the amount of up to 80 thousand roubles, or in the amount of a wage/salary or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to six months, or with obligatory labour for a term of up to 480 hours, or with corrective labour for a term of up to two years, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to two years, or with an arrest for a term of up to six months, or with deprivation of liberty for a term of up to two years.

2. The same actions that have entailed an essential violation of the rights and legitimate interests of citizens or organisations or of legally protected interests of society or the state, -

shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of a hundred thousand to five hundred thousand roubles or in the amount of the salary or wages or another income of the convicted person for a period of one to three years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to four years with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such, or with a deprivation of freedom for a period of up to four years with or without a deprivation of the right to occupy certain posts or to engage in a certain activity for a period of up to three years.

Article 292.¹. Illegal Issue of a Passport of a Citizen of the Russian Federation, as well as the Introduction of Knowingly False Information into Documents Which Has Entailed Illegal Acquisition of Citizenship of the Russian Federation

1. Illegal issue by an official or a state employee of a passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation to a foreign citizen or a stateless person, as well as the introduction by an official and also by a state employee of a body of local self-government who is not an official, of knowingly false information into documents which has entailed illegal acquisition of citizenship of the Russian Federation, -

shall be punishable with a fine in the amount of up to three hundred thousand roubles or in the amount of a wage/salary or other income of the convicted person for a period of up to six months, or with obligatory labour for a term of up to 480 hours, or with corrective labour for a period of up to two years, or with a deprivation of the right to occupy specified posts or to engage in specified activities for a period of up to three years, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to five years, or with deprivation of freedom for the same term.

2. Non-performance or improper performance by an official or a state employee of his duties due to an unconscientious or negligent attitude to the service, if that has entailed the illegal issue of a passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation to a foreign citizen or a stateless person or illegal acquisition of the citizenship of the Russian Federation, -

shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to three hundred thousand roubles or in the amount of the salary or wages or another income of the convicted person for a period of up to six months, or by compulsory works for a term of up to 480 hours, or with correctional labour for a period of up to two years, or with deprivation of the right to occupy certain posts or to engage in certain activity for a period of up to three years.

Article 293. Neglect of Duty

1. Neglect of duty, that is, the non-discharge by a functionary of his duties due to a dishonest and careless attitude to civil service, if this has involved the infliction of major damage or an essential violation of the rights and legitimate interests of citizens or organisations or of legally protected interests of society or the state, -

shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 120 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to one year, or by compulsory works for a term of up to 360 hours, or by corrective labour for a term of up to one year, or by arrest for a term of up to six months.

2. The same act, which has involved by negligence the infliction of major damage to human health or the death of a person,

3. The deed provided for by Part One of this Article, which has entailed by negligence the death of two or more persons -

shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to seven years with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such.

Note. "Major damage" shall mean in this Article damage in an amount exceeding one million five hundred thousand roubles.

Chapter 31. Crimes Against Public Justice

Article 294. Obstruction of Carrying out of Justice and of Preliminary Investigations

1. Interference in any form in the functioning of the Court, for the purpose of obstructing carrying out of justice,

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 200 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to 18 months, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to two years, or by arrest for a term of up to six months, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to two years.

2. Interference in any form in the activity of a procurator, investigator, or a person conducting inquests for the purpose of obstructing the all-round, full, and objective investigation of a case,

3. Deeds stipulated in the first or second part of this Article, and committed by a person using his official position,

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of 100 thousand to 300 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of one to two years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to four years with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to four years, with disqualification from holding specific offices or engaging in specified activities for a term of up to three years, or without such disqualification.

Article 295. Encroachment on the Life of a Person Administering Justice or Engaged in a Preliminary Investigation

Encroachment on the life of a judge, juror, or any other person participating in the administration of justice, of a procurator, investigator, a person conducting a inquest, a defence lawyer, a forensic expert, a specialist, a bailiff, or officer of justice, and also of their relatives, in connection with the examination of cases or materials in court, with the preliminary investigation or the execution of a court's judgement or decision, or any other judicial act, accomplished for the purpose of obstructing the lawful activity of said persons or out of revenge for such activity,

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of 12 to 20 years with restriction of liberty for a term of up to two years, or by deprivation of liberty for life, or by capital punishment.

Article 296. Threats or Forcible Actions in Connection with the Administration of Justice or Preliminary Investigation

1. Threats of murder, infliction of injury to human health, or destruction or damage of property against a judge, juror, or any other person participating in the administration of justice, and also against their relatives, in connection with the examination of cases or materials in court,

2. The same deed, committed against a procurator, investigator, a person conducting inquests, defence lawyer, forensic expert, a specialist, bailiff, or officer of justice, and also against their relatives, in connection with the preliminary investigation, the examination of cases or materials in court, or in connection with the execution of a court's judgement or decision, or any other judicial act,

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 200 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to 18 months, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to two years, or by arrest for a term of from three to six months, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to two years.

3. Deeds stipulated in the first or second part of this Article, and committed with the use of violence that provides no danger to human life or health,

shall be punishable with compulsory labour for a term of up to five years or with deprivation of liberty for the same term.

4. Deeds provided for in the first or second part of this Article, and committed with the use of violence endangering human life or health,

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of five to ten years.

Article 297. Contempt of Court

1. Contempt of court, which finds expression in the insult of trial participants,

2. The same deed, which has found its expression in the insult of a judge, juror, or any other person participating in the dispensation of justice,

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 200 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to 18 months, or by compulsory works for a term of up to 480 hours, or by corrective labour for a term of up to two years, or by arrest for a term of up to six months.

Article 298. Abrogated.

See the text of Article 298

Article 299. Knowingly Bringing an Innocent Person to Criminal Liability

1. Knowingly bringing an innocent person to criminal liability,

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to five years.

2. The same deed, joined with the accusation of a person of committing a grave or especially grave crime,

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of three to five years.

Article 300. Illegal Release from Criminal Liability

Illegal release from criminal liability of a person suspected or accused of committing a crime, by a procurator, investigator, or a person conducting inquests,

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to seven years.

Article 301. Illegal Detention, Taking into Custody, or Keeping in Custody

1. Knowingly illegal detention,

Shall be punishable by restraint of liberty for a term of up to three years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to two years with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such, or by arrest for a term of four to six months, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to two years, with disqualification from holding specific offices or engaging in specified activities for a term of up to three years, or without such disqualification.

2. Knowingly illegally taking into custody or keeping in custody,

shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of up to four years or by deprivation of liberty for the same term.

3. Deeds stipulated in the first or second part of this Article, and entailing grave consequences,

shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years or by deprivation of liberty for a term of three to eight years.

Article 302. Compulsion to Give Evidence

1. Compulsion to give evidence used with regard to a subject, defendant, victim, or witness, or coercion of an expert or a specialist to make a report or to give evidence through the application of threats, blackmail, or other illegal actions, by an investigator or a person conducting inquests, as well as by another person with the knowledge or tacit consent of the investigator or the person conducting inquests,

shall be punishable by restraint of liberty for a term of up to three years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to three years, or by deprivation of liberty for the same term.

2. The same act, joined with the use of violence, mockery, or torture, shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for term of two to eight years.

Article 303. Falsification of Evidence

1. Falsification of evidence in a civil case, by a person who takes part in this case or by his representative,

2. Falsification of evidence in a criminal case, by a person who conducts inquests, an investigator, procurator, or defence lawyer,

shall be punishable by restraint of liberty for a term of up to three years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to three years with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to three years with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such.

3. Falsification of evidence in a criminal case about a grave or especially grave crime, and also falsification of evidence which has involved serious consequences,

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to seven years, with disqualification from holding specific offices or engaging in specified activities for a term of up to three years.

Article 304. Provocation of a Bribe, or Commercial Graft

Provocation of a bribe or commercial graft, that is, attempts to transfer money, securities, or other assets, or to render property-related services to a functionary or a person fulfilling managerial functions in profit-making and other organisations, for the purpose of artificially manufacturing evidence of a crime of blackmail,

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 200 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to 18 months, or by compulsory labour for the period of up to five years with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years or without such, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to five years, with disqualification from holding specific offices or engaging in specified activities for a term of up to three years, or without such disqualification.

Article 305. Knowingly Giving an Unjust Judgement, Decision, or any Other Juridical Act

1. Delivery by a judge (judges) of a knowingly unjust judgement, decision, or any other juridical act,

2. The same deed related to the delivery by a court of law of an unjust sentence of deprivation of liberty, or entailing other serious consequences,

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of three to ten years.

Article 306. Knowingly False Denunciation

1. Knowingly false denunciation about a crime,

shall be punishable with a fine in the amount of up to 120 thousand roubles, or in the amount of a wage/salary or any other income of the convicted person for a period up to one year, or with obligatory labour for a term of up to 480 hours, or with corrective labour for a term of up to two years, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to two years, or with an arrest for a term of up to six months, or with deprivation of liberty for a term of up to two years.

2. The same deed joined with the accusation of a person of committing a grave or especially grave crime,

shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of 100 thousand to 300 thousand roubles or in the amount of a wage/salary or any other income of the convicted person for a period of one to two years, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to three years, or with deprivation of liberty for the same term.

3. The deeds provided for by Parts One and Two of this Article joined with artificial creation of the prosecution evidence -

shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to six years.

Article 307. Knowingly False Testimony, Opinion of an Expert or Specialist, or Mistranslation

1. Knowingly false testimony of a witness, a victim or an expert's opinion or testimony, evidence of a specialist and also knowing mistranslation in court, or in a preliminary investigation,

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 80 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to six months, or by compulsory works for a term of up to 480 hours, or by corrective labour for a term of up to two years, or by arrest for a term of up to three months.

2. The same acts joined with the accusation of a person of the commission of a grave or especially grave crime,

shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years, or by deprivation of liberty for the same term.

Note: A witness, victim, expert, specialist, or interpreter shall be relieved from criminal liability if they of their own free state that their testimony or opinion was false, or that the interpretation was knowingly given wrongly in the course of an inquest, preliminary investigation, or court hearing.

Article 308. Refusal of a Witness or a Victim to Give Testimony

Refusal of a witness or a victim to give testimony,

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 40 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of convicted person for a period of up to three months, or by compulsory works for a term of up to 360 hours, or by corrective labour for a term of up to one year, or by arrest for a term of up to three months.

Note: A person shall not be held criminally liable for refusal to give testimony against himself, his spouse, or his close relatives.

Article 309. Bribery or Compulsion to Give Testimony or for Evade Giving Testimony, or for Mistranslating

1. Bribery of a witness or victim to give false testimony, or of an expert or specialist to give a false opinion or false testimony, or of a translator to make a mistranslation,

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 80 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to six months, or by compulsory works for a term of up to 480 hours, or by corrective labour for a term of up to two years, or by arrest for a term of up to three months.

2. Compulsion of a witness or victim to give false testimony, or of an expert or specialist to give a false opinions, or of a translator to make a mistranslation, and also compulsion of said persons to evade giving testimony, joined with blackmail or threat of murder, infliction of injury to human health, or destruction or damage of the property of these persons or of their relatives,

3. Acts provided for in the second part of this Article, and committed by an organised group, with the use of violence that does not endanger the lives of health of said persons,

shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years, or by deprivation of liberty for the same term.

4. Acts stipulated in the first or second part of this Article, and committed by an organised group, or with the use of violence that endangers the lives and health of said persons, Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of three to seven years.

Article 310. Disclosure of the Data of a Preliminary Investigation

Disclosure of data of a preliminary investigation, by a person who is warned in the statutory manner that it is impermissible to disclose this information, if this act has been committed without the consent of an investigator, or a person conducting inquests, -

shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 80 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to six months, or by compulsory works for a term of up to 480 hours, or by corrective labour for a term of up to two years, or by arrest for a term of up to three months.

Article 311. Disclosure of Information About Security Measures Applicable to the Judge and Other Participants in a Criminal Trial

1. Disclosure of information about security measures applicable to a judge, juror, or any other person who takes part in the administration of justice, a bailiff, officer of the court, victim, witness, or other participants in a criminal trial, or applicable to their relatives, if this act has been committed by a person to whom this information has been entrusted or to whom this information has become known in connection with his official activity,

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 200 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to 18 months, or by compulsory works for a term of up to 480 hours, or by restraint of liberty for a term of up to two years, or by arrest for a term of up to four months.

2. The same act, that has involved serious consequences,

shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years, or by deprivation of liberty for the same term.

Article 312. Illegal Actions Against Property Subjected to Inventory or Attachment, or Confiscation

1. Embezzlement, alienation, concealment, or illegal transfer of assets subjected to inventory or attachment, which has been committed by a person to whom these assets were entrusted, and also the use by an employee of a credit organisation of banking operations with frozen funds (deposits),

shall be punishable with a fine in the amount of up to 80 thousand roubles, or in the amount of a wage/salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period up to six months, or with obligatory labour for a term of up to 480 hours, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to two years, or with an arrest for a term of up to six months, or with deprivation of liberty for a term of up to two years.

2. Concealment or misappropriation of property subject to confiscation under a court's judgement, and also any other evasion of the execution of the court's sentence that has come into legal force about the confiscation's purpose,

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of 100 thousand to 500 thousand roubles, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of one to three years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to three years, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to three years, with a fine in an amount of up to 80 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to six month.

Article 313. Escape from a Place of Confinement, Arrest, or Custody

1. Escape from a place of confinement, arrest, or custody, committed by a person who is serving a sentence or is imprisoned before trial,

shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of up to four years, or by deprivation of liberty for the same term.

2. The same deed committed by a group of persons by previous concert or by an organised group -

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to five years.

3. The deeds provided for by Parts One or Two of this Article which are committed with the application of violence posing danger to human life or health, or with the threat of applying such violence, as well as with the use of weapons or articles used as weapons -

shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to eight years.

Federal Law No. 14-FZ of February 29, 2012 amended Article 314 of this Code

Article 314. Evasion of Serving Restriction of Liberty, Deprivation of Liberty, as Well as of Application of Compulsory Medical Measures

1. Malicious evasion by a person sentenced to restriction of liberty of serving the sentence -

shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of up to one year, or by deprivation of liberty for the same term.

2. Failure of a person, sentenced to deprivation of liberty, who is permitted to leave the correctional institution for a time, to return upon the expiry of the time period of his/her permitted absence or failure of a person sentenced to deprivation of liberty who is given respite of such sentence or deferral of punishment, to appear at an appropriate criminal execution body upon the expiry of the term of the respite or referral -

shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of up to two years, or by deprivation of liberty for the same term.

3. Evasion by a person suffering from sexual preference disorder (pedophilia) that does not qualify as insanity the application thereto of compulsory medical measures - shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to one year.

Notes. 1. A person shall be held criminally liable for making the deed provided for by Part One of this Article, if restriction of liberty is imposed upon him/her as an additional punishment.

2. A person shall be held criminally liable for making the deed provided for by Part Three of this article, if compulsory medical measures are taken in respect of him/her after serving punishment.

Article 314.¹. Evading Administrative Supervision

A failure of a person in respect of which an administrative supervision is established to arrive, when released from the place of confinement, at the place of residence or stay selected by him/her at the time fixed by the administration of the correctional institution, as well as unauthorized leaving by this person of the place of residence or stay for the purpose of evading the administrative supervision -

shall be punished by compulsory works for a term of one hundred and eighty to two hundred and forty hours, or by correctional works for a term up to two years, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to one year.

Article 315. Non-execution of a Court's Judgement, Decision, or any Other Juridical Act

Wilful non-execution of the court's judgement, decision, or any other juridical act, and also obstruction of their execution by a representative of the authority, a civil servant, local self-government employee, or employee of a state municipal body or profit-making or any other organisation,

shall be punishable with a fine in the amount of up to 200 thousand roubles, or in the amount of a wage/salary or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to 18 months, or with deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or engage in specified activities for a term of up to five years, or with obligatory labour for a term of up to 480 hours, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to two years, or with an arrest for a term of up to six months, or with deprivation of liberty for a term of up to two years.

Article 316. Concealment of Crimes

Concealment of especially grave crimes, which was not promised in advance,

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 200 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to 18 months, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to two years, or by arrest for a term of up to six months, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to two years.

Note: A person shall not be held criminally liable for the concealment of a crime committed by his spouse or close relative, if this concealment was promised in advance.

Chapter 32. Crimes Against Administrative Procedure

Article 317. Encroachment on the Life of an Officer of a Law-enforcement Agency

Encroachment on the life of an officer of a law-enforcement body, or of a serviceman, and also of their relatives, for the purpose of obstructing the lawful activity of said persons to protect public order and security, or out of vengeance for such activity,

shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of twelve to twenty years with restriction of liberty for a term of up to two years, or by life imprisonment, or by capital punishment.

Article 318. Use of Violence Against a Representative of the Power

1. Use of violence that does not endanger human life or health, or threats to use violence against a representative of power, or his relatives, in connection with the discharge by his official duties,

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 200 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to 18 months, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years, or by arrest for a term of up to six months, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to five years.

2. The use of violence endangering the lives or health of the persons referred to in the first part of this Article,

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to ten years.

Note: A public officer of a law-enforcement or controlling body, and also other public officials vested in the statutory procedure with regulatory powers in respect of persons who are not dependent on them by virtue of employment, shall be deemed to be a representative of the authority in this and other Articles of the present code.

Article 319. Insult of a Representative of Power

Public insult of a representative of power during the discharge by him of his official duties, or in connection with their discharge,

Article 320. Disclosure of Information About Security measures Protecting a Public Officer of a Law-enforcement or Controlling Agency

1. Disclosure of information about security measures protecting a public officer of a law-enforcement or controlling body, and also protecting his relatives, if this deed has been committed to obstruct his official activity,

2. The same deed, which has involved serious consequences,

shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years, or by deprivation of liberty for the same term.

Article 321. Disorganisation of the Activity of Institutions Providing Isolation from Society

1. The application of violence, not dangerous to the convict's life and health, or the threat of the application of violence with respect to him in order to prevent the convict's reformation or by way of revenge for his rendering assistance to the administration of the institution or of the body of the criminal-executive system -

Shall be punished by deprivation of freedom for a term of up to five years.

2. The actions mentioned in the first part of this Article, committed with respect to a worker of the place of deprivation of freedom or of the place of keeping under arrest in connection with the performance of his official activity, or with respect to his close relatives -

Shall be punished by deprivation of freedom for a term of up to five years.

3. The actions mentioned in the first and second parts of this Article, committed by an organised group or with the use of violence dangerous to life or health -

Shall be punished by deprivation of freedom for a term of from five to twelve years.

Article 322. Illegal Crossing of the State Border of the Russian Federation

1. The crossing of the State Border of the Russian Federation without valid documents for the right of entry into and exit from the Russian Federation or without a permit obtained in the procedure established by the legislation of the Russian Federation -

2. Illegal crossing of the State Border of the Russian Federation, committed by a group of persons by previous concert, or by an organised group, or with the use of violence or threats of its use,

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to five years.

Note: The present Article shall not extend to cases of arrival in the Russian Federation in breach of the rules for crossing the State Border of the Russian Federation by foreign nationals or stateless persons, for the use of the right to political asylum, in accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, unless the actions of these persons contain a different corpus delicti.

Article 322.¹. Organisation of Illegal Migration

1. Organisation of illegal entry into the Russian Federation of foreign citizens or stateless persons, their illegal stay in the Russian Federation or illegal transit through the Russian Federation territory,

shall be punishable with a fine in the amount of up to 200 thousand roubles, or in the amount of a wage/salary or other income of the convicted person for a period of 18 months, or with obligatory labour for a term of up to 360 hours, or with corrective labor for a period of up to one year, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to two years with restraint of liberty for a term of up to one year or without such, or with deprivation of liberty for a term of up to two years with restraint of liberty for a term of up to one year or without such.

2. The same actions committed:

a) by an organised group;

b) with a view to committing crime on the Russian Federation territory, Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for the term of up to five years with or without a fine in an amount of 500 thousand roubles or in the amount of a wage or salary or other income of the convicted person for a period of three years and with restriction of liberty for a term of up to two years or without such.

Article 323. Illicit Alteration of the State Border of the Russian Federation

1. Withdrawal, shifting, or destruction of boundaries, for the purpose of illicitly changing the State Border of the Russian Federation,

Shall be punishable by restraint of liberty for a term of up to two years, or by arrest for a term of up to six months, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to two years.

2. The same acts, entailing serious consequences,

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to four years.

Article 324. Acquisition or Sale of Official Documents and Government Awards

Illegal acquisition or sale of official documents which grant rights or release from duties, and also of government awards of the Russian Federation, the RSFSR, and the USSR,

Article 325. Theft or Damage of Documents, Stamps, and Seals or the Stealing of Excise Tax Marks, Special Marks or Marks of Conformance

1. Theft, destruction, damage, or concealment of documents, stamps or seals, committed out of mercenary or any other personal interest,

shall be punishable with a fine in the amount of up to 200 thousand roubles, or in the amount of a wage/salary or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to 18 months, or with obligatory labour for a term of up to 480 hours, or with corrective labour for a term of up to two years, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to one year, or with an arrest for a term of up to four months, or with deprivation of liberty for a term of up to one year.

2. Theft of a passport or any other important personal document from a person,

3. The stealing of excise tax marks, special marks or marks of conformance, -

Article 326. Forgery or Destruction of a Number-plate of a Motor Vehicle

1. Forgery or destruction of a number-plate, the number of the chassis, undercarriage, or engine, and also forgery of a state registration plate of a transport vehicle for the purpose of operating or selling a car, use of a knowingly forged or false state registration mark for the purpose of committing a crime or facilitating its commission or concealing it, and likewise sale of a transport vehicle with known forged identification number-plates, numbers on the chassis, undercarriage, engine, or with knowingly forged state registration plates, or sale of a hull, chassis, or engine with an obviously counterfeit number -

shall be punishable with a fine in the amount of up to 80 thousand roubles, or in the amount of a wage/salary or any other income of the convicted person for a period up to six months, or with obligatory labour for a term of up to 360 hours, or with corrective labour for a term of up to two years, or with restraint of liberty for a term of up to two years, or with compulsory labour for a term of up to two years, or with deprivation of liberty for the same term.

2. The same acts, committed by a group of persons by previous concert, or by an organised group,

shall be punishable by obligatory labour for a term of up to 480 hours, or by corrective labour for a term of up to two years, or by restraint of liberty for a term of up to three years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to three years, or by deprivation of liberty for the same term.

Article 327. Forgery, Manufacture, or Sale of Falsified Documents, Government Awards, Stamps, Seals, and Forms

1. Forgery of an identification card or any other official document which gives rights and releases from duties, for the purpose of the use or sale of said document, and likewise the manufacture for the same purposes or sale of falsified government awards of the Russian Federation, the RSFSR, and the USSR, or of stamps, seals, and forms,

Shall be punishable by restraint of liberty for a term of up to two years, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to two years, or by arrest for a term of up to six months, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to two years.

2. The same deeds, committed for the purpose of concealing another crime or facilitating its commitment,

shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of up to four years, or by deprivation of liberty for the same term.

3. Use of a knowingly forged document,

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 80 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to six months, or by compulsory works for a term of up to 480 hours, or by corrective labour for a term of up to two years, or by arrest for a term of up to six months.

Article 327.¹. Production, Realization of Forged Marks of Excise Tax, Special Marks or Marks of Conformance or the Use Thereof

1. Production with the purpose to realize or the realization of forged marks of excise tax, special marks or marks of conformance, all forgery-proof,

2. Knowing utilization of forged marks of excise tax, special marks or marks of conformance, all forgery-proof,

Article 328. Evasion of Military or Alternative Civil Service

1. Evasion of conscription in the absence of lawful grounds for release from the military service

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 200 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to 18 months, or by compulsory labour for a term of up to two years or by arrest for a term of up to six months, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to two years.

2. Evasion of performing alternative civil service, by persons released from military service,

Article 329. Outrages upon the National Emblem of the Russian Federation, or the State Flag of the Russian Federation

Outrages upon the National Emblem of the Russian Federation, or State Flag of the Russian Federation,

Shall be punishable by restraint of liberty for a term of up to one year, or by compulsory labour for the same term, or by arrest for a term of three to six months, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to one year.

Article 330. Arbitrariness

1. Arbitrariness, that is the unauthorized commission of actions contrary to the order presented by a law or any other normative legal act, actions whose lawfulness is contested by an organisation or individual, if such actions have inflicted substantial harm,

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 80 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to six months, or by compulsory works for a term of up to 480 hours, or by corrective labour for a term of up to two years, or by arrest for a term of up to six months.

2. The same deed, committed with the use of violence or with the threat if its use,

shall be punishable by compulsory labour for a term of up to five years, or by an arrest for a term of up to six months, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to five years.

Section XI. Crimes Against Military Service
Chapter 33. Crimes Against Military

Service Article 331. Concept of Crimes Against Military Service

1. Crimes against the established order of military service, covered by the present chapter and committed by servicemen who have been drafted or enlisted under a contract, and also by reservists during training assemblies, shall be deemed to be crimes against military service.

2. Abrogated.

3. Criminal liability for crimes against military service, committed in wartime or in a military situation, shall be determined by the wartime laws of the Russian Federation.

Article 332. Failure to Execute an Order

1. Failure to execute a superior's lawful order by a subordinate, if it has caused substantial harm to the interests of military service,

Shall be punishable by restriction in military service for a term of up to two years or by arrest, for a term of six months, or by custody in a disciplinary military unit for a term of up to two years.

2. The same deed, committed by a group of persons, a group of persons by previous concert, or by an organised group, and also entailing severe consequences,

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to five years.

3. Failure to execute an order, due to a careless or dishonest attitude to military service, if it has involved serious consequences,

Shall be punishable by restriction in military service for a term of up to one year, or by arrest for a term of up to six months, or by custody in a disciplinary military unit for a term of up to two years.

Article 333. Resistance to a Superior or Compulsion of Another to Violate His Duties of Military Service

1. Resistance to a superior, and also to another person who discharges the duties of military service, or compulsion of him to violate these duties, attended by violence or by threats to use it,

Shall be punishable by restraint in military service for a term of up to two years, or by custody in a disciplinary military unit for a term of up to two years, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to five years.

2. The same deeds committed:

a) by a group of persons, a group by previous concert, or by an organised group;

b) with the use of arms;

c) with the infliction of grave injury or injury of average gravity to human health, or of other serious consequences,

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to eight years.

Article 334. Violent Actions Against a Superior

1. Beating of, or any other violence against a superior, committed during the discharge of the superior's duties of military service, or in connection with the execution of these duties,

Shall be punishable by restriction in military service for a term of up to two years, or by custody in a disciplinary military unit for a term of up to two years, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to five years.

2. The same deeds committed:

a) by a group of persons, a group of persons by previous concert, or by an organised group;

b) with the use of weapons;

c) with the infliction of grave injury or injury of average gravity, or other serious consequences,

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to eight years.

Article 335. Violation of Regulations for Mutual Relations Between Servicemen, in the Absence of Subordinating Relations Among Them

1. Violation of regulations for mutual relations between servicemen, in the absence of subordinating relations among them, which is associated with debasement of human honour and dignity, or with mockery over the victim, or which is attended by violence,

Shall be punishable by custody in a disciplinary military unit for a term of up to two years, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to three years.

2. The same deeds committed:

a) abolished

b) in respect of two or more persons;

c) by a group of persons, a group of persons by previous concert, or by an organised group;

d) with the use of weapons;

e) with the infliction of an injury of average gravity to human health,

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to five years.

3. Deeds provided for in the first or second parts of this Article, and entailing serious consequences,

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to ten years.

Article 336. Insult of a Serviceman

1. The insulting by one serviceman of another serviceman during the discharge of their duties of military service, or in connection with the discharge of these duties,

Shall be punishable by restriction in military service for a term of up to six months, or by custody in a disciplinary military unit for the same term.

2. The insult by a subordinate of his superior, and also by a superior of his subordinate during the discharge of their duties of military service, and in connection with the discharge of these duties,

Shall be punishable by restriction in military service for a term of up to one year, or by custody in a disciplinary military unit for the same term.

Article 337. Unauthorized Abandonment of a Military Unit or a Place of Military Service

1. Unauthorized abandonment of a military unit or a place of military service, and likewise failure to appear for service without valid reason in case of discharge from a unit, appointment, or transfer, and also in case of absence for a business trip, annual leave, or from a medical establishment for a term of more than two days, and not more than ten days, if this deed has been committed by a serviceman undergoing military service after being drafted,

Shall be punishable by arrest for a term of up to six months, or by custody in a disciplinary military unit for a term of up to one year.

2. The same deeds committed by a serviceman who is serving punishment in a disciplinary military unit,

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to two years.

3. Unauthorized abandonment of a military unit or a place of military service, and likewise failure to appear for service on the due date without valid reasons for more than ten days, but not for more than one month, if this deed has been committed by a serviceman undergoing military service after being drafted, or under contract,

4. Deeds stipulated in the third part of this Article, and having a duration of over one month,

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to five years.

Note: A serviceman who has committed deeds stipulated in this Article may relieved from criminal liability if unauthorized abandonment of his military unit has been necessitated by exceptional circumstances.

Article 338. Desertion

1. Desertion, that is, the unauthorized abandonment of a military unit or a place of military service for the purpose of evading military service, and likewise failure to appear for service for the same purposes,

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to seven years.

2. Desertion with arms entrusted in military service, and likewise desertion committed by a group of persons by previous concert, or by an organised group,

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to ten years.

Note: A serviceman who has for the first time committed desertion, as stipulated by the first part of this Article, may be released from criminal liability, if desertion was necessitated by exceptional circumstances.

Article 339. Evasion of Military Service Duties by Pretending to Be Ill, or by Any Other Method

1. Evasion by a serviceman of his military service duties, by pretending to be ill or by inflicting injury on himself (maiming himself), or by forging documents, or by some other fraud,

2. The same act, committed for the purpose of obtaining full release from the discharge of military service duties,

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to seven years.

Article 340. Violation of the Rules for Conducting Oneself on Combat Duty in Military Service

1. Violation of the rules for conducting oneself on combat duty in military service, for revealing in time and repelling a surprise attack against the Russian Federation, or for safeguarding its security, if this deed has involved or might have involved the infliction of harm to the interests of state security,

Shall be punishable by restriction in military service for a term of up to two years, or by custody in a disciplinary military unit for a term of up two years, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to five years.

2. The same deed, which has involved serious consequences, Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to ten years.

3. Violation of the rules for conducting oneself in combat duty in military service due to a careless or dishonest attitude to these rules, if this has involved serious consequences,

Article 341. Violation of the Rules for Doing Frontier Service

1. Violation of the rules for doing frontier service by a person who is a member of a frontier detail or who discharges other duties of frontier service, if this deed has involved or might have involved the infliction of harm to the interests of state security,

2. The same act, which has involved serious consequences, Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to five years.

3. Violation of the rules for doing frontier service, due to a careless or dishonest attitude to these rules, which has involved serious consequences,

Article 342. Violation of Regulations for Guard Duty

1. Violation of regulations for guard duty by a person who is a member of a guard (watch), if this deed has involved the infliction of harm to the facilities protected by the guard,

Shall be punishable by restriction in military service for a term of up to two years, or by arrest for a term of up to six months, or by custody in a disciplinary military unit for a term of up to two years, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to two years.

2. The same deed, which has involved serious consequences, Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to three years.

3. Violation of regulations for guard duty, due to a careless or dishonest attitude to these rules, if this has involved serious consequences,

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to one year.

Article 343. Violation of the Rules for the Service of Protecting Public Order and Safeguarding Public Security

1. Violation of the rules of service by a person who is a member of a military detail protecting public order and safeguarding public security, if this deed has inflicted harm to the rights and lawful interests of individuals,

2. The same deed, which has involved serious consequences, Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term up to five years.

Article 344. Violation of the Internal Service and Patrolling Regulations in a Garrison

Violation of the internal service regulations by a person who is a member of the day detail of a unit (except for a guard or watch), and likewise violation of the patrolling regulations in a garrison by a person who is a member of a patrol detail, if these deeds have involved serious consequences,

Article 345. Abandonment of a Sinking Warship

Abandonment of a sinking warship by its captain, who has not fulfilled his official duties to the end, and also by a person from the crew of the warship without a proper order from the captain,

Article 346. Wilful Destruction or Damage of Military Equipment

1. Wilful destruction or damage of weapons, ammunition, or military hardware, if this has involved serious consequences,

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 80 thousand roubles, or in amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to six months, or by restriction in military service for a term of up to two years, or by arrest for a term of up to three months, or by custody in a disciplinary military unit for a term of up to two years, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to two years.

2. The same acts, which have involved grave consequences, Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to five years.

Article 347. Destruction or Damage of Military Equipment by Negligence

Destruction or damage of weapons, ammunition, or objects of war material, by negligence, that has entailed grave consequences,

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 200 thousand roubles or of the wages or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to 18 months, or by restriction in military service for a period of up to two years, or by arrest for a period of up to six months, or by custody in a disciplinary military unit for a period of up to two years, or by deprivation of liberty for a period of up to two years.

Article 348. Loss of Military Equipment

Violation of the rules for preserving weapons, ammunition, and hardware entrusted for official use, if this has involved through negligence their loss,

Shall be punishable with a fine in an amount of up to 80 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to six months, or by restriction in military service for a term of up to two years, or by arrest for a term of up to six months, or by custody in a disciplinary military unit for a term of up to two years, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to two years.

Article 349. Violation of the Rules for Handling Arms and Hazardous Materials

1. Violation of the rules for handling arms, ammunition, radioactive materials, explosives, or other substances and objects of increased hazard, if this has involved by negligence the infliction of grave injury to human health, the destruction of military hardware, or any other serious consequences,

Shall be punishable by restriction in military service for a term of up to two years, or by custody in a disciplinary military unit for a term of up to two years.

2. The same act, which has involved by negligence the death of a person, Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to five years.

3. An act envisaged by the first part of this Article, and entailing by negligence the death of two or more persons,

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to ten years.

Article 350. Violation of the Rules for Driving or Operating Cars or Lorries

1. Violation of the rules for driving or operating a combat, special, or transport vehicle, which has involved by negligence the infliction of grave injury to human health,

Shall be punishable by arrest for a term of four to six months, or by custody in a disciplinary military unit for a term of up to two years, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to two years, with disqualification from holding specific offices or engaging in specified activities for a term of up to three years, or without such disqualification.

2. The same deed, which has involved by negligence the death of a person,

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term up to five years, with disqualification from holding specific offices or engaging in specified activities for a term of up to three years, or without such disqualification.

3. The deed provided for in the first part of this Article, and entailing by negligence the death of two or more persons,

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to seven years.

Article 351. Violation of the Rules for Flights and Training for Them

Violation of the rules for flights and training for them, or of any other rules of operating military aircraft, which has involved by negligence the death of a person, or any other serious consequences,

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term up to seven years.

Article 352. Violation of the Rules of Navigation

Violation of the rules for navigation or operation of warships, which has involved by negligence the death of a person, or any other serious consequences,

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to seven years.

Section XII. Crimes Against the Peace and Security of Mankind
Chapter 34. Crimes Against the Peace and Security Mankind

Article 353. Planning, Preparing, Unleashing, or Waging on Aggressive War

1. Planning, preparing, or unleashing an aggressive war

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of seven to fifteen years.

2. Waging an aggressive war,

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of 10 to 20 years.

Article 354. Public Appeals to Unleash an Aggressive War

1. Public appeals to unleash an aggressive war,

2. The same deeds, committed with the use of the mass media or by a person who holds a state post of the Russian Federation or a state post of a subject of the Russian Federation,

Article 355. The Development, Manufacture, Stockpiling, Acquisition or Sale of Mass- Destruction Weapons

The development, manufacture, stockpiling, acquisition or sale of the chemical, biological, toxic and other types of mass-destruction weapons banned by an international treaty of the Russian Federation,

Shall be punishable by imprisonment for a term from five to ten years.

Article 356. Use of Banned Means and Methods of Warfare

1. Cruel treatment of prisoners of war or civilians, deportation of civilian populations, plunder of national property in occupied territories, and use in a military conflict of means and methods of warfare, banned by an international treaty of the Russian Federation,

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to 20 years.

2. Use of weapons of mass destruction, banned by an international treaty of the Russian Federation,

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of 10 to 20 years.

Article 357. Genocide

Actions aimed at the complete or partial extermination of a national, ethnic, racial or religious group as such by killing its members, inflicting grave injuries to their health, forcible prevention of childbirth, forcible transfer of children, forcible resettlement, or by any other method of creating living conditions meant for the physical destruction of the members of this group,

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of 12 to 20 years with restriction of liberty for a term of up to two years, or by deprivation of liberty for life, or by capital punishment.

Article 358. Ecocide

Massive destruction of the animal or plant kingdoms, contamination of the atmosphere or water resources, and also commission of other actions capable of causing an ecological catastrophe,

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of 12 to 20 years.

Article 359. Mercenarism

1. Recruitment, training, financing, or any other material provision of a mercenary, and also the use of him in an armed conflict or hostilities,

Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of four to eight years with restriction of liberty for a term of up to two years or without such.

2. The same acts, committed by a person through his official position, or with relation to a minor,

shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of seven to fifteen years, with or without a fine in an amount of up to 500 thousand roubles or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to three years and with restriction of liberty for a term of one year to two years or without such.

3. Participation by a mercenary in an armed conflict or hostilities,

shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of three to seven years with restriction of liberty for a term of up to one year or without such.

Note: A mercenary shall be deemed to mean a person who acts for the purpose of getting a material reward, and who is not a citizen of the state in whose armed conflict or hostilities he participates, who does not reside on a permanent basis on its territory, and also who is not a person fulfilling official duties.

Article 360. Assaults on Persons or Institutions Enjoying International Protection

1. Assault on a representative of a foreign state, or on a staff member of an international organisation that enjoys international protection, as well as on official premises or living quarters, or transport vehicles of persons enjoying international protection -Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to five years.

2. The same deed committed for the purpose of provoking a war or of complicating international relations -Shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of three to seven years.

President of the Russian Federation Boris Yeltsin

Moscow, the Kremlin
No. 63-FZ
June 13, 1996

05Jun1996 - RUS

The Criminal Code of the Russian Federation

No. 63-FZ of June 13, 1996

[By way of: OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights.]

Legislation
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