Equipo Nizkor - Venezuela's Opposition Leader Juan Guaidó May Negotiate With Maduro.

It was a daring gambit: Juan Guaidó, Venezuela's opposition leader, stood by a military base alongside dozens of uniformed officers and political allies, calling for a military uprising against President Nicolás Maduro.

Three weeks later, Mr. Guaidó is shuttling among a half-dozen safe houses to escape capture. Most of the men who stood with him by the base that day, and many of the legislators who support him, are in jail or sheltering in foreign embassies. Soldiers routinely shut down the National Assembly that Mr. Guaidó leads.

And the protests that filled the streets with Mr. Guaidó's supporters are dwindling as Venezuelans, struggling with a crumbling economy and shortages of food, gasoline and medication, return to the business of surviving.

Weakened and unable to bring the political crisis gripping Venezuela to a quick resolution, Mr. Guaidó has been forced to consider negotiations with Mr. Maduro. Both sides have sent representatives to Norway for talks, a concession Mr. Guaidó previously rejected.

This change is a turning point for the opposition, which in January had gathered momentum, attracting broad international backing and huge crowds of supporters. Now, that momentum has nearly dissipated -- a testament to Mr. Maduro's firm hold on power even as the country crumbles around him.

In public, Mr. Guaidó remains upbeat and unwavering. At flash rallies around the capital, Caracas, he implores supporters to keep up the protests. But during an interview, he acknowledged that the opposition's capacity to operate is hurting.

"The persecution has been savage," he said in the empty hallway of one of the safe houses he uses.

More than 50 countries -- including the United States, Canada and most members of the European Union -- recognized Mr. Guaidó as the country's legitimate president in January, calling Mr. Maduro's re-election for a second term fraudulent.

Since then, several countries that support Mr. Guaidó have expressed an openness to other approaches to ending the political paralysis in Venezuela -- a big shift from the urgent international calls for Mr. Maduro's removal four months ago.

In an interview in April, Elliott Abrams, the Trump administration's special envoy for Venezuela, said that for a democratic transition to work, all Venezuelans should be part of it, including those who remain loyal to Mr. Maduro.

"They are part of Venezuela's political scene," he said. "So we're just trying to make it clear that we really want a democratic Venezuela. We're not picking winners."

President Trump has since turned his international focus to Iran, dashing for the time being any hopes that members of the opposition may have had of securing United States military support.

Despairing of a quick resolution, Mr. Guaidó's European allies have redoubled efforts to secure a negotiated pact between the opposition and the government, moving the main front in Venezuela's political battle to the diplomatic arena, said Félix Seijas, the director of Caracas-based pollster Delphos, which has advised the opposition.

Last week, envoys from each side traveled to Norway to meet with government representatives for preliminary talks, according to officials from both sides.

In a speech to public sector workers on Thursday, Mr. Guaidó said he had agreed to the talks, but restated, "We will not lend ourselves to false negotiations." He said the goal remained to remove Mr. Maduro, establish a transitional government and call free and fair elections.

Mr. Guaidó also met last week with European diplomats representing the International Contact Group on Venezuela, which has been working to secure new elections in the country. And, in separate attempts to find common ground on Venezuela with Mr. Maduro's biggest backers, Canada's foreign minister traveled to Cuba and Secretary of State Michael Pompeo went to Russia.

Mr. Maduro has also been weakened by Mr. Guaidó's uprising attempt. His intelligence police chief has defected, and the United States claims that top officials, including the defense minister and chief justice, were involved in the plot.

United States sanctions are ravaging Venezuela's vital oil sector and imports, making it increasingly difficult for Mr. Maduro to govern. The country largely ground to a halt over the weekend because of a lack of fuel -- a shortage that Mr. Maduro has blamed the sanctions for.

Six years of recession, however, have made Mr. Maduro adept at managing, if not solving, cascading crises. He is now betting that repression and fatigue will destroy Mr. Guaidó's support before sanctions force his government out of power, Mr. Seijas said.

"The government feels that the time is in their favor, and they are not necessarily wrong," Mr. Seijas said. "Neither side can strong-arm the other, but the government feels this situation is something they can manage and control."

Opposition leaders said they would continue working to remove Mr. Maduro and set up a transitional government from the safe houses and embassies where they have sought shelter.

"The goal now is not to become a political martyr by getting arrested," said Juan Andrés Mejía, a lawmaker from Mr. Guaidó's Popular Will Party who went into hiding after the government stripped him of parliamentary immunity last week. "The goal is to bring about a transitional government. I'm focused now on making sure the work we started doesn't stop."

But it is difficult for opposition members in hiding to keep up the grass-roots work that they say is essential to maintaining popular support. And after the rebellion's failure, their goal of removing Mr. Maduro does seem further away, said Mr. Guaidó's deputy chief of staff, Rafael Del Rosario.

When Mr. Del Rosario's neighbors told him intelligence officers had come knocking on his door last month, he chose exile over the threat of arrest and got on the first flight to Bogotá, the capital of Colombia. He carried nothing but three pairs of underwear and a borrowed sweater.

"I have to keep fighting because I know this will fall, but I understand I can be spending a long time here," he said in an interview in his rented Airbnb apartment in Bogotá.

Mr. Del Rosario's wife and two small children followed him the next day, crossing a river into Colombia at night by foot with the help of soldiers sympathetic to Mr. Guaidó's cause.

Since then, the family has lived off donations, help from family members and hospitality from sympathizers. The only money they have is $300 in cash savings that Mr. Del Rosario's wife, Astrid Zuleta, grabbed from the house before leaving.

More than 3.7 million Venezuelans have fled the country's worsening conditions, according to the United Nations refugee agency. About 1.3 million of them are, like the Del Rosarios, in Colombia.

"Here, I'm just one more Venezuelan," Mr. Del Rosario said.

21May19

Venezuela's Opposition Leader Juan Guaidó May Negotiate With Maduro

[Source: By Anatoly Kurmanaev, The New York Times, Caracas, 21May19]

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