Equipo Nizkor

The Question of Torture and Other Cruel,
Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment


Law / Legislación | Reports / Informes | Analysis
Current Issues / Cuestiones de actualidad
Tools / Manuales | Links / Enlaces



The Question of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman
or Degrading Treatment or Punishment



La cuestión de la Tortura y Otros Tratos
o Penas Crueles, Inhumanos o Degradantes


International and regional standards
Normativa internacional y regional

International standards / Normativa Internacional

Treaties / Tratados

  • Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment.
    Adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 39/46 of 10 December 1984; entry into force 26 June 1987, in accordance with article 27 (1)
  • Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment.
    Adopted on 18 December 2002 at the fifty-seventh session of the General Assembly of the United Nations by resolution A/RES/57/199
  • Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War
    75 U.N.T.S. 135, entered into force Oct. 21, 1950.
  • Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War
    75 U.N.T.S. 287, entered into force Oct. 21, 1950.
  • Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol I)
    1125 U.N.T.S. 3, entered into force Dec. 7, 1978.

    Other instruments / Otros instrumentos

  • Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners.
    Adopted by the First United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders, held at Geneva in 1955, and approved by the Economic and Social Council by its resolutions 663 C (XXIV) of 31 July 1957 and 2076 (LXII) of 13 May 1977
  • Basic Principles for the Treatment of Prisoners.
    Adopted and proclaimed by General Assembly resolution 45/111 of 14 December 1990
  • Body of Principles for the Protection of All Persons under Any Form of Detention or Imprisonment.
    Adopted by General Assembly resolution 43/173 of 9 December 1988
  • Principles on the Effective Investigation and Documentation of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment.
    Recommended by General Assembly resolution 55/89 of 4 December 2000
  • Principles of Medical Ethics relevant to the Role of Health Personnel, particularly Physicians, in the Protection of Prisoners and Detainees against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment.
    Adopted by General Assembly resolution 37/194 of 18 December 1982
  • Basic Principles on the Use of Force and Firearms by Law Enforcement Officials.
    Adopted by the Eighth United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders, Havana, Cuba, 27 August to 7 September 1990
  • Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement Officials.
    Adopted by General Assembly resolution 34/169 of 17 December 1979
  • United Nations Rules for the Protection of Juveniles Deprived of their Liberty.
    Adopted by General Assembly resolution 45/113 of 14 December 1990
  • United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice ("The Beijing Rules").
    Adopted by General Assembly resolution 40/33 of 29 November 1985


    Council of Europe / Consejo de Europa

  • European Convention for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment.
    Text amended according to the provisions of Protocols No. 1 (ETS No. 151) and No. 2 (ETS No. 152) which entered into force on 1 March 2002.
  • Protocol No. 1 to the European Convention for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment.
    CPT/Inf/C (93) 17 [EN] (Part 1) - Strasbourg, 4.XI.1993
  • Protocol No. 2 to the European Convention for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment.
    CPT/Inf/C (93) 17 [EN] (Part 2) - Strasbourg, 4.XI.1993


    Inter-American Human Rights System / Sistema interamericano

  • Inter-American Convention To Prevent And Punish Torture.
    Adopted at Cartagena de Indias, Colombia, on December 9, 1985, at the fifteenth regular session of the General Assembly.


    African Human Rights System / Sistema Africano de DDHH

  • African [Banjul] Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights.
    Adopted June 27, 1981, OAU Doc. CAB/LEG/67/3 rev. 5, 21 I.L.M. 58 (1982), entered into force Oct. 21, 1986.


    * * *
    United States

  • Torture
    US Code, Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure, 113c
  • War Crimes
    US Code, Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure, 118
  • Military Extraterritorial Jurisdiction
    US Code, Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure, 212
  • US Code: Crimes and Criminal Procedure
    Title 18
  • Uniform Code of Military Justice


  • Documents and Reports / Documentos e Informes

    UN reports on Torture / Informes de la ONU sobre Tortura

  • United Nations Committee Against Torture (CAT).
  • United Nations Special Rapporteur on Torture.


    The van Boven's reports on Torture 2001 - 2004

  • Summary of information, including individual cases, transmitted to Governments by the Special Rapporteur on Torture, and replies received.
    Commission on Human Rights, E/CN.4/2005/62/Add.1, 30 March 2005.
  • Follow-Up to the Recommendations made by the Special Rapporteur on Torture for Azerbaijan, Chile, Mexico, the Russian Federation, Spain, Turkey and Uzbekistan.
    Commission on Human Rights, E/CN.4/2005/62/Add.2, 21 February 2005.
  • Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Question of Torture on the Trade and Production of Equipment Specifically Designed to Inflict Torture.
    Commission on Human Rights, E/CN.4/2005/62, 15 December 2004
  • Summary of information, including individual cases, transmitted to Governments by the Special Rapporteur on Torture, and replies received.
    Commission on Human Rights, E/CN.4/2003/68/Add.1, 27 February 2003.
  • 2002 Report of the Special Rapporteur on Torture, Mr. Theo van Boven.
    Commission on Human Rights, E/CN.4/2002/137, 26 February 2002


    European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CPT)

  • Annual General Reports and other documents by the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment.

    Other reports / Otros informes

  • DOJ Memo on Torture
  • Pentagon Memo on Torture
  • Tabuga Report
  • ICRC Report on Iraqi Prisons

  • Analysis / Análisis

  • The aim of the War on Iraq is to declare a global state of exception that does away with the United Nations system.
    Equipo Nizkor, March 2003
  • Contemporary Law of Superior Responsibility
    Article by Ilias Bantekas published in the American Journal of International Law in 1999

  • Current Issues / Cuestiones de Actualidad

    United States

  • DOJ Memo on Torture
  • Pentagon Memo on Torture
  • Tabuga Report
    Investigation by the 800th Military Police Brigade in Iraq, MG Antonio M. Taguba, Deputy Commanding General Support, 31Jan04
  • Report of the ICRC on the Treatment by the Coalition Forces of Prisoners of War and other Protected Persons by the Geneva Conventions in Iraq.
    ICRC, Feb04

  • National Security : Terrorism and emergency powers
    American Civil Liberties Union
  • Frist Kills Pentagon Spending Bill to Protect Abusive Interrogations while Top Torture Scandal Figure Gets Confirmation Hearing.
    American Civil Liberties Union, 26Jul05
  • FBI mail outlines abuses at terror prison.
    By Carol Rosenberg, Miami Herald, US, 21dec04
  • David Hicks details abuse in Guantánamo Bay.
    By Richard Philips, WSWS, 18dec04
    Fichero Audio Update on the situation of the detainees in Guantanamo Bay and the current status of legal issues relating to this matter.
    Audio Documento by Radio Nizkor, 02Oct04 (01h 24m 38ss)
  • President's power vs. laws against torture.
    Miami Herald, Us, 10Jun04
  • US tactics condemned by British officers.
    The Daily Telegraph, London, UK, 12Apr04
  • Documents Helped Sow Abuse, Army Report Finds.
    Washington Post, 30Aug04

  • Tools / Manuales y formularios

  • The Istambul Protocol - PDF
    The Manual on Effective Investigation and Documentation of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (the "Istanbul Protocol") is the first set of international guidelines for documentation of torture and its consequences.
    Also available in html

  • The Torture Reporting Handbook
    The Torture Reporting Handbook is a reference guide for anyone who wishes to know how to take action in response to allegations of torture or ill-treatment. It explains simply and clearly how the process of reporting and submitting complaints to international bodies and mechanisms actually works, and how to make the most of it.
    University of Essex

  • Combating Torture: A Manual for Judges and Prosecutors
    This manual outlines the duties and responsibilities of judges and prosecutors to prevent and investigate acts of torture, and other forms of ill-treatment, to ensure that those who perpetrate such acts are brought to justice and to provide redress for their victims. It also provides practical advice, drawn from best practice, about how torture can be combated at a procedural level.
    University of Essex

  • Combating torture: a manual for action
    The manual brings together the standards and recommendations of the UN, the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and other sources from around the world, as well as Amnesty International's recommendations, concerning the prevention of torture and ill-treatment.
    Amnesty International

  • Model questionnaire to be completed by persons alleging torture or their representatives
    To be presented to the Special Rapporteur of the UN Commission on Human Rights on the question of torture

  • Mechanisms for Combating Torture
    Explanation of the international treaties that prohibit torture and their watchdog mechanisms.

  • Links / Enlaces

    International Institutions
    Torture Rehabilitation Centers
    Anti-Torture NGOs


    On-Line Donations

    Equipo Nizkor | Proyecto Desaparecidos | Radio Nizkor | Derechos HR

    Radio Nizkor Indice - Busca Enlaces de Derechos Humanos Contactanos