Chapter XVI. STATUS OF WOMEN1

1. Convention on the Political Rights of Women

Opened for signature at New York on 31 March 1953

ENTRY INTO FORCE: 7 July 1954, in accordance with article VI.

REGISTRATION: 7 July 1954, No. 2613.

TEXT: United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 193, p. 135.

STATUS: Signatories: 47. Parties: 110.

Note: The Convention was opened for signature pursuant to resolution 640 (VII),2 adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 20 December 1952.

Afghanistan 16 Nov 1966 a

Albania 12 May 1955 a

Angola 17 Sep 1986 a

Antigua and Barbuda 25 Oct 1988 d

Argentina 31 Mar 1953 27 Feb 1961

Australia 10 Dec 1974 a

Austria 19 Oct 1959 18 Apr 1969

Bahamas 16 Aug 1977 d

Barbados 12 Jan 1973 a

Belarus 31 Mar 1953 11 Aug 1954

Belgium 20 May 1964 a

Bolivia 9 Apr 1953 22 Sep 1970

Bosnia and Herzegovina 1 Sep 1993 d

Brazil 20 May 1953 13 Aug 1963

Bulgaria 17 Mar 1954 a

Burundi 18 Feb 1993 a

Canada 30 Jan 1957 a

Central African
Republic 4 Sep 1962 d

Chile 31 Mar 1953 18 Oct 1967

China3,4

Colombia 5 Aug 1986 a

Congo 15 Oct 1962 d

Costa Rica 31 Mar 1953 25 Jul 1967

Côte d'Ivoire 18 Dec 1995 a

Croatia 12 Oct 1992 d

Cuba 31 Mar 1953 8 Apr 1954

Cyprus 10 Sep 1968 12 Nov 1968

Czech Republic5 22 Feb 1993 d

Democratic Republic
of the Congo 12 Oct 1977 a

Denmark 29 Oct 1953 7 Jul 1954

Dominican Republic 31 Mar 1953 11 Dec 1953

Ecuador 31 Mar 1953 23 Apr 1954

Egypt 8 Sep 1981 a

El Salvador 24 Jun 1953

Ethiopia 31 Mar 1953 21 Jan 1969

Fiji 12 Jun 1972 d

Finland 6 Oct 1958 a

France 31 Mar 1953 22 Apr 1957

Gabon 19 Apr 1967 19 Apr 1967

Germany6, 7 4 Nov 1970 a

Ghana 28 Dec 1965 a

Greece 1 Apr 1953 29 Dec 1953

Guatemala 31 Mar 1953 7 Oct 1959

Guinea 19 Mar 1975 24 Jan 1978

Haiti 23 Jul 1957 12 Feb 1958

Hungary 2 Sep 1954 20 Jan 1955

Iceland 25 Nov 1953 30 Jun 1954

India 29 Apr 1953 1 Nov 1961

Indonesia 31 Mar 1953 16 Dec 1958

Ireland 14 Nov 1968 a

Israel 14 Apr 1953 6 Jul 1954

Italy 6 Mar 1968 a

Jamaica 14 Aug 1966 a

Japan 1 Apr 1955 13 Jul 1955

Jordan 1 Jul 1992 a

Kyrgyzstan 10 Feb 1997 a

Lao People's
Democratic
Republic 28 Jan 1969 a

Latvia 14 Apr 1992 a

Lebanon 24 Feb 1954 5 Jun 1956

Lesotho 4 Nov 1974 a

Liberia 9 Dec 1953

Libyan Arab
Jamahiriya 16 May 1989 a

Luxembourg 4 Jun 1969 1 Nov 1976

Madagascar 12 Feb 1964 a

Malawi 29 Jun 1966 a

Mali 16 Jul 1974 a

Malta 9 Jul 1968 a

Mauritania 4 May 1976 a

Mauritius 18 Jul 1969 d

Mexico 31 Mar 1953 23 Mar 1981

Mongolia 18 Aug 1965 a

Morocco 22 Nov 1976 a

Myanmar 14 Sep 1954

Nepal 26 Apr 1966 a

Netherlands 8 Aug 1968 30 Jul 1971

New Zealand 22 May 1968 a

Nicaragua 17 Jan 1957 a

Niger 7 Dec 1964 d

Nigeria 11 Jul 1980 17 Nov 1980

Norway 18 Sep 1953 24 Aug 1956

Pakistan 18 May 1954 7 Dec 1954

Papua New Guinea 27 Jan 1982 a

Paraguay 16 Nov 1953 22 Feb 1990

Peru 1 Jul 1975 a

Philippines 23 Sep 1953 12 Sep 1957

Poland 31 Mar 1953 11 Aug 1954

Republic of Korea 23 Jun 1959 a

Republic of
Moldova 26 Jan 1993 a

Romania 27 Apr 1954 6 Aug 1954

Russian Federation 31 Mar 1953 3 May 1954

Senegal 2 May 1963 d

Sierra Leone 25 Jul 1962 a

Slovakia5 28 May 1993 d

Slovenia 6 Jul 1992 d

Solomon Islands8 3 Sep 1981 a

South Africa 29 Jan 1993

Spain 14 Jan 1974 a

Swaziland 20 Jul 1970 a

Sweden 6 Oct 1953 31 Mar 1954

Thailand 5 Mar 1954 30 Nov 1954

the former Yugoslav
Republic of Macedonia 18 Jan 1994 d

Trinidad and Tobago 24 Jun 1966 a

Tunisia 24 Jan 1968 a

Turkey 12 Jan 1954 26 Jan 1960

Uganda 21 Jun 1995 a

Ukraine 31 Mar 1953 15 Nov 1954

United Kingdom 24 Feb 1967 a

United Republic
of Tanzania 19 Jun 1975 a

United States
of America 8 Apr 1976 a

Uruguay 26 May 1953

Uzbekistan 29 Sep 1997 a

Venezuela 31 May 1983 a

Yemen9 9 Feb 1987 a

Yugoslavia 31 Mar 1953 23 Jun 1954

Zambia 4 Feb 1972 a

Zimbabwe 5 Jun 1995 a

Declarations and Reservations
(Unless otherwise indicated, the declarations and reservations were made upon ratification,
accession or succession. For objections thereto and territorial applications, see hereinafter.)

Albania

1. As regards Article VII: The People's Republic of Albania declares its disagreement with the last sentence of article VII and considers that the juridical effect of a reservation is to make the Convention operative as between the State making the reservation and all other States parties to the Convention, with the exception only of that part thereof to which the reservation relates.

2. As regards Article IX: The People's Republic of Albania does not consider itself bound by the provisions of article IX which provides that disputes between Contracting Parties concerning the interpretation or application of this Convention shall at the request of any one of the parties to the dispute be referred to the International Court of Justice for decision, and declares that for any dispute to be referred to the International Court of Justice for decision the agreement of all the parties to the dispute shall be necessary in each individual case.

antigua and barbuda

"The Government of Antigua and Barbuda reserves from the application of this Convention all matters relating to the recruitment to, and conditions of service in, the armed forces of Antigua and Barbuda."

Argentina

The Argentine Government reserves the right not to submit to the procedure set out in this article [article IX] any dispute which is directly connected with territories which fall within Argentine sovereignty.

Australia

"The Government of Australia hereby declares that the accession by Australia shall be subject to the reservation that article III of the Convention shall have no application as regards recruitment to and conditions of service in the Defence Forces.

"The Government of Australia furthermore declares that the Convention shall not extend to Papua New Guinea."

Austria

"In ratifying the Convention on the Political Rights of Women the Federal President of the Republic of Austria declares, that Austria reserves its right to apply the provision of article III to this Convention, as far as service in the armed forces is concerned, within the limits established by national legislation."

belarus10

As regards article VII:

[Same declaration as the one reproduced
under "Albania".]

belgium11

In exercise of the option available to each State under article VII of the Convention on the Political Rights of Women, the Government of Belgium declares that it submits the following reservations to article III of the Convention:

1. The Constitution reserves the exercise of royal powers to men.

As regards the exercise of the functions of regency, article III of the Convention shall not prevent the application of the constitutional rules as interpreted by the Belgian State.

bulgaria12

As regards article VII:

[Same declaration and reservation as the ones
reproduced under "Albania".]

canada

"Inasmuch as under the Canadian constitutional system legislative jurisdiction in respect of political rights is divided between the provinces and the Federal Government, the Government of Canada is obliged, in acceding to this Convention, to make a reservation in respect of rights within the legislative jurisdiction of the provinces."

CZECH REPUBLIC 5

DENMARK

Subject to a reservation with respect to article III of the Convention, in so far as it relates to the right of women to hold military appointments or to act as heads of recruitment services or to serve on recruitment boards.

ecuador

"The Government of Ecuador signs this Convention subject to a reservation with respect to the last phrase in article I, `without any discrimination', since article 22 of the Political Constitution of the Republic specifies that "a vote in popular elections is obligatory for a man and optional for a woman".

fiji

"The reservations of the United Kingdom 1 (a), (b), (d) and (f) are affirmed and are redrafted as more suitable to the situation of Fiji in the following terms:

"Article III is accepted subject to reservations, pending notification of withdrawal of any case, insofar as it relates to:

"(a) succession to the Crown;

"(b) certain offices primarily of a ceremonial nature;

"(d) recruitment to and conditions of service in the armed forces;

"(f) the employment of married women in the civil service

"All other reservations made by the United Kingdom are withdrawn."

finland

As regards Article III: "A decree may be issued to theeffect that only men or women can be appointed to certain functions, which because of their nature, can be properly discharged either only by men or by women."

france13

germany6

"The Federal Republic of Germany accedes to the Convention with the reservation that article III of the Convention does not apply to service in the armed forces."

guatemala

1. Articles I, II and III shall apply only to female citizens of Guatemala in accordance with the provisions of article 16, paragraph 2 of the Constitution of the Republic.

2. In order to satisfy constitutional requirements, article IX shall be interpreted subject to the provisions of article 149, paragraph 3 (b) of the Constitution of the Republic.

hungary14

As regards article VII:

[Same declaration as the one reproduced
under "Albania".]

india

"Article III of the Convention shall have no application as regards recruitment to, and conditions of service in any of the Armed Forces of India or the Forces charged with the maintenance of public order in India."

indonesia

"The last sentence of article VII and the whole article IX do not apply to Indonesia."

ireland

"Article III is accepted subject to reservation in so far as it relates to

"(a) the employment of married women in the public service;

"(b) the unequal remuneration of women in certain positions in the public service,

"and subject to the following declarations:

"(1) that the exclusion of women from positions of employment for which by objective standards or for physical reasons they are not suitable is not regarded as discriminatory;

"(2) that the fact that jury service is not at present obligatory for women is not regarded as discriminatory."

italy

"In acceding to the Convention on the Political Rights of Women, done at New York on 31 March 1953, the Italian Government declares that it reserves its rights to apply the provisions of Art. III as far as service in the armed forces and in special armed corps is concerned within the limits established by national legislation."

lesotho

"Article III is accepted subject to reservation, pending notification of withdrawal in any case, so far as it relates to: Matters regulated by Basotho Law and Custom."

malta

"In acceding to this Convention, the Government of Malta hereby declares that it does not consider itself bound by article III in so far as that article applies to conditions of service in the Public Service and to Jury Service."

mauritius

"The Government of Mauritius hereby declares that it does not consider itself bound by article III of the Convention in so far as that Article applies to recruitment to and conditions of service in the armed forces or to jury service."

mexico

Declaration:

"It is expressly understood that the Government of Mexico will not deposit its instrument of ratification pending the entry into force of the amendment to the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States which is now under consideration, providing that citizenship rights shall be granted to Mexican women."

mongolia15

"To articles IV and V:

"The Government of the Mongolian People's Republic declares its disagreement with paragraph 1 of article IV and paragraph 1 of article V and considers that the present Convention should be open to all States for signature or accession.

morocco

The consent of all the parties concerned is required for the referral of any dispute to the International Court of Justice.

nepal

As regards article IX of the Convention: "A dispute shall be referred for decision to the International Court of Justice only at the request of all the parties to the dispute."

netherlands16

new zealand

"Subject to a reservation with respect to Article III of the Convention, in so far as it relates to recruitment and conditions of service in the armed forces of New Zealand."

pakistan

"Article III of the Convention shall have no application as regards recruitment to and conditions of services charged with the maintenance of public order or unsuited to women because of the hazards involved."

poland17

As regards article VII:

[Same declaration and reservation as the ones
reproduced under "Albania".]

romania18

As regards article VII:

[Same declaration and reservation as the ones
reproduced under "Albania".]

Russian Federation10

As regards article VII:

[Same declaration as the one reproduced
under "Albania".]

Sierra Leone

"In acceding to this Convention, the Government of Sierra Leone hereby declares that it does not consider itself bound by article III in so far as that article applies to recruitment to and conditions of service in the Armed Forces or to jury service."

SLOVAKIA5

Solomon Islands

10 May 1982

In relation to the succession:

The Government of Solomon Islands declared that Solomon Islands maintains the reservations entered by the United Kingdom save in so far as the same cannot apply to Solomon Islands.

spain

Articles I and III of the Convention shall be interpreted without prejudice to the provisions which in current Spanish legislation define the status of head of family.

Articles II and III shall be interpreted without prejudice to the norms relating to the office of Head of State contained in the Spanish Fundamental Laws.

Article III shall be interpreted without prejudice to the fact that certain functions, which by their nature can be exercised satisfactorily only by men or only by women, shall be exercised exclusively by men or by women, as appropriate, in accordance with Spanish legislation.

swaziland

"(a) Article III of the Convention shall have no application as regards remuneration for women in certain posts in the Civil Service of the Kingdom of Swaziland;

"(b) The Convention shall have no application to matters which are regulated by Swaziland Law and Custom in accordance with Section 62 (2) of the Constitution of the Kingdom of Swaziland. [(a) The office of Nggwenyama; (b) the office of Ndlovukazi (the Queen Mother); (c) the authorization of a person to perform the functions of Regent for the purposes of section 30 of this Constitution; (d) the appointment, revocation of appointment and suspension of Chiefs; (e) the composition of the Swazi National Council, the appointment and revocation of appointment of members of the Council, and the procedure of the Council; (f) the Ncwala Ceremony; (g) the Libutfo (regimental) system.]

tunisia

[Article IX] For any dispute to be referred to the International Court of Justice, the agreement of all the parties to the dispute shall be necessary in every case.

ukraine10

As regards article VII:

[Same declaration as the one reproduced
under "Albania".]

united kingdom of great britain and northern ireland16,

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland accedes to the Convention with the following reservations submitted in accordance with article VII:

"(1) Article III is accepted subject to reservations, pending notification of withdrawal in any case, in so far as it relates to:

"(a) succession to the Crown;

"(b) certain offices primarily of a ceremonial nature;

"(c) the function of sitting and voting in the House of Lords pertaining to holders of hereditary peerages and holders of certain offices in the Church of England;

"(d) recruitment to and conditions of service in the armed forces;

"(e) jury service in Grenada, [...] as well as in the Kingdom of Tonga;

"(f) . . .

"(g) remuneration for women in the Civil Service of [...] Hong Kong, as well as of the Protectorate of Swaziland;

"(h) . . .

"(i) in the State of Brunei, the exercise of the royal powers, jury service or its equivalent and the holding of certain offices governed by Islamic Law.

"(2) The United Kingdom reserves the right to postpone the application of this Convention in respect of women living in the Colony of Aden, having regard to the local customs and traditions. Further, the United Kingdom reserves the right not to apply this Convention to Rhodesia unless and until the United Kingdom informs the Secretary-General of the United Nations that it is in a position to ensure that the obligations imposed by the Convention in respect of that territory can be fully implemented."

venezuela

Reservation with regard to article IX:

[Venezuela] does not accept the jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice for the settlement of disputes concerning the interpretation or application of this Convention.

yemen9

(a) The People's Democratic Republic of Yemen declares that it does not accept the last sentence of article VII and considers that the juridical effect of a reservation is to make the Convention operative as between the State making the reservation and all other States parties to the Convention with the exception only of that part thereof to which the reservation relates.

(b) The People's Democratic Republic of Yemen does not consider itself bound by the text of article IX, which provides that disputes between Contracting Parties concerning the interpretation or application of this Convention may, at the request of any one of the parties to the dispute, be referred to the International Court of Justice. It declares that the competence of the International Court of Justice with respect to disputes concerning the interpretation or application of the Convention shall in each case be subject to the express consent of all parties to the dispute.

Objections
(Unless otherwise indicated, the objections were received upon ratification, accession or succession.)

canada

Objection to the reservations made in respect of articles VII and IX by the Governments of Albania, Bulgaria, the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic and Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

china20

CZECH REPUBLIC 5

DENMARK

Objection to the reservations in respect of articles VII and IX:

[Same States as the ones listed under "Canada".]

dominican republic

Objection to the reservations made by the Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in respect of articles VII and IX.

ethiopia

Objection to the reservations in respect of articles VII and IX:

[Same States as the ones listed under "Canada".]

israel

Objection to the reservations in respect of articles VII and IX:

[Same States as the ones listed under "Canada".]

norway

Objection to the reservations made by the Government of Argentina in respect of article VII.

Objection to the reservations made by the Government of Guatemala in respect of articles I, II and III.

Objection to the reservations in respect of articles VII and IX:

[Same States as the ones listed under "Canada".]

pakistan13

Objection to the reservations made by the Government of Argentina in respect of article VII.

Objection to the reservation made by France and recorded in the procès-verbal of signature of the Convention.

Objection to the reservations made by the Government of Guatemala in respect of articles I, II and III.

Objection to the reservations in respect of articles VII and IX:

[Same States as the ones listed under "Canada".]

philippines

Objection to the reservations made by the Government of Albania in respect of articles VII and IX.

Objection to the reservations made by the Government of Romania in respect of articles VII and IX.

Republic of Korea

Objection to the reservations made by the Government of Mongolia in respect of articles IV, paragraph 1, and V, paragraph 1.

SLOVAKIA5

sweden

Objection to reservations:

[Same objections as the ones listed under "Norway".]

Yugoslavia

Objection to the reservations made by the Government of Guatemala, in respect of articles I, II and III, as these reservations "are not in accordance with the principles contained in Article I of the Charter of the United Nations and with the aims of the Convention".

Territorial Application

NOTES:

1 For other multilateral treaties concerning the status of women, see chapters IV and VII.

2 Official Records of the General Assembly, Seventh Session, Supplement No. 20 (A/2361), p. 27.

3 Signed and ratified on behalf of the Republic of China on 9 June 1953 and 21 December 1953, respectively. See note concerning signatures, ratifications, accessions, etc. on behalf of China (note in chapter I.1).

With reference to the above-mentioned ratification, communications have been addressed to the Secretary-General by the Permanent Missions to the United Nations of Denmark, Hungary, India, Norway, Poland, Romania and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, on the one hand, and of China on the other hand. For the nature of these communications, see note in chapter VI.14.

4 On 10 June 1997, the Governments of China and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland notified the Secretary-General of the following:

China:

[Same notification as the one made under note in chapter V.3.]

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland:

[Same notification as the one made under note in chapter IV.1.]

In addition, the notification made by the Government of China contained the following declaration:

The signature and ratification by the Taiwan authorities in the name of China respectively on 9 June 1953 an 21 December 1953 of the [said Convention] are illegal and therefore null and void.

5 Czechoslovakia had signed and ratified the Convention on 31 March 1953 and 6 April 1995, respectively, with reservations, one of which regarding article IX of the Convention, had been withdrawn on 26 April 1991. For the text of the said reservations, see United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 193, p. 157. Subsequently, on 10 June 1974, the Government of Czechoslovakia formulated an objection to the reservation made by Spain. For the text of the objection, see United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 940, p. 340. See also note in chapter I.2.

6 The German Democratic Republic had acceded to the Convention with reservations and a declaration on 27 March 1973. For the text of the reservations and declaration, see United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 861, p. 203. See also note in chapter I.2.

7 In a letter accompanying the instrument of accession, the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany declared that "the said Convention shall also apply to Land Berlin with effect from the date on which it enters into force for the Federal Republic of Germany".

With reference to the above-mentioned declaration, communications were addressed to the Secretary-General by the Governments of Bulgaria, Mongolia, Poland, the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Those communications are identical in essence, mutatis mutandis, to those referred to in the second paragraph of note in chapter III.3.

Subsequently, on 27 December 1973, the Secretary-General received from the Government of the German Democratic Republic a communication identical in essence, mutatis mutandis, to the one reproduced in the fourth paragraph of note in chapter III.3.

Finally, communications were received on the same subject from the Governments of France, the United Kingdom and the United States of America (on 17 June 1974) and the Federal Republic of Germany (on 15 July 1974): those communications are identical in essence, mutatis mutandis, to the corresponding ones reproduced in the fifth and sixth paragraphs of footnote in chapter III.3.

See also note 6 above.

8 In a communication received on 10 May 1982, the Government of Solomon Islands declared that Solomon Islands maintains the reservations entered by the United Kingdom save in so far as the same cannot apply to Solomon Islands.

9 The formality was effected by Democratic Yemen. See also note in chapter I.2.

10 In communications received on 8 March 1989, 19 and 20 April 1989, respectively, the Governments of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic and the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic notified the Secretary-General that they had decided to withdraw the reservation relating to article IX. For the text of the reservations, see United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 193, pp. 170, 154 and 169, respectively.

11 By a notification received by the Secretary-General on 19 June 1978, the Government of Belgium withdrew reservation No. 2 relating to article III of the Convention. For the text of the reservation, see United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 496, p. 353.

12 On 24 June 1992, the Government of Bulgaria notified the Secretary-General its decision to withdraw the reservation to article IX made upon accession. For the text of the reservation, see United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 193, p. 136.

13 In a communication received on 26 November 1960, the Government of France gave notice of the withdrawal of the reservation made in the procès-verbal of signature of the Convention. For the text of the reservation, see United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 193, p. 159.

14 In a communication received on 8 December 1989, the Government of Hungary notified the Secretary-General that it had decided to withdraw its reservation with respect to article IX made upon ratification. For the text of the reservation see United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 202, p. 382.

15 In a communication received on 19 July 1990, the Government of Mongolia notified the Secretary-General of its decision to withdraw the reservations to articles VI and IX made upon accession. For the text of the reservations, see United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 543, p. 362.

16 On 17 December 1985, the Secretary-General received from the Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands a notification of withdrawal of its reservation (the reservation concerned the succession to the Crown) relating to article III of the Convention made upon ratification. For the text of the said reservation, see United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 790, p. 130.

17 On 16 October 1997, the Government of Poland notified the Secretary-General that it had decided to withdraw its reservation with regard to article IX of the Convention made upon ratification. For the text of the reservation see United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 196, p. 365.

18 On 2 April 1997, the Government of Romania informed the Secterary-General that it had decided to withdraw its reservation with regard to article IX. For the text of the reservation, see United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 196, p. 363.

19 The Secretary-General received the following communciations from the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland on the dates indicated hereinafter:

(12 February 1968):

Withdrawal of the reservation contained in sub-paragraph (e), in respect of the Bahamas, as formulated upon accession.

(15 October 1974):

Withdrawal of the reservation contained in sub-paragraph (f) (employment of married women in Her Majesty's Diplomatic Service and in the Civil Service) in respect of the territories where the reservation was still applicable, that is to say: Northern Ireland, Antigua, Hong Kong and St. Lucia. The same reservation had been withdrawn in respect of St. Vincent by a notification received on 24 November 1967.

On that same date, withdrawal of the reservation contained in sub-paragraph (e) in respect of the Seychelles, to which the said reservation applied originally.

(4 January 1995):

Withdrawal of the reservations contained in sub-paragraph (e) in respect of the Isle of Man and Montserrat; in sub-paragraph (g) in respect of Gibraltar; and sub-paragraph (h) in respect of Bailiff in Guernsey.

20 Various communications were received by the Secretary-General on behalf of the Republic of China, objecting to the reservations made by the Governments of Albania, Bulgaria, the Byelorussian SSR, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, the Ukrainian SSR and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. In this connection, see note concerning signatures, ratifications, accessions, etc. (note in chapter I.1).

21 See note in chapter I.1.

22 For the reservations to article III of the Convention in its application to certain territories, and for the reservations regarding the application of the Convention to the Colony of Aden and to Rhodesia, see "United Kingdom" under "Declarations and Reservations" in this chapter.